vr
fflS
VOL. 8. NO. 35.
SALEM, OREGON, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1858.
WHOLE NO. 399.
(QO ii
I-1 ii i ii ir t Hi ii ii
SI)C (Oregon Statesman
AI1HEL BUSH, Proprietor and Editor.
Trans. Published weeklr . at five dollars per annum.
If do paid witbia six months; foor dollars per annum,
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Transient advertisements must be pre-paid toln-
w-ii wsenran. Divorce notices will not be published
W" .IfMifor. . Administrators .notice, and alladver
nati wtatin; to estates, of deceased persons, tnnst
M M paid, tnlnu ordered published bv the Probate
" grnaranteed to be paid bv him. "Notice to par
ttoe litigant, heirs, attachment, and all other legal no-
uces, nuutoe pre-paid, unless some responsible attor
ney guarantees payment.
All advertising not paid within one year' from the
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after, ill Jobbing must be paid for when taken from
he office.
Announcements o f marriages and deaths will be pub
Qshed free: but all obituary or biographical notices,
resolutions of societies, orders, Ac, and poetry append
d to marriage annoan cements, must be paid for before
publication, at the rate of 10 cents per line. All
coamnnicalions,of only personal interest ,must be paid
far, in advance, at the same rate.
In this paper are published the laws. resolutions and
treaties of the United States, and the laws and resolu
tioBSOf the Territory cr Oretroa. by authority.
Little fcy Little.
. "Little by little," as the acorn said.
As it slowly sank in its mossy bed,
"I'm improving every day.
Hidden deep in the earth tway."
little by little each day it grew;
Little by little it sipped the dew; .
Downward it sent ont a thread-like root;
Up in the air sprung a tiny shoot;
Day after day, and year after year,
Little by little the leaves appear;
And the slender branches spread far and wide.
Till the mighty oak is the forest's pride.
Far down in the depths of the dark blue sea,
An insect train work incessantly;
Grain by grain, they are building well,
.Bach one alone in his little cell.
Moment by moment, and day by day.
Never stopping to work or play.
Rock npon rock they are rearing high.
Till the top looks out on the sunny sky;
. The gentle wind and the balmy air,
Little by little, bring verdure "there;
- Till the summer sunbeams gladly smile,
- On the birds and flowers of tho coral isle.
"Little by little," said a thoughtful boy,
-"Moment by moment, I'll well employ,
' Learning a little every day.
And not spending all my time in play.
And still this rule in my hand shall dwell,
Whatever I do, Til do it well.
Little by little I'll learn to know
The treasured wisdom of long ago;
And one of these days, perhaps we'll see
That the world will be better for me."
And do yon not think that this simple plan.
Made him a wise and a useful mint
The Fruitless Life.
To wake, yet Eve no life.
To toil, and ret to know.
The toil is only strife,
. And each achievement woe !
"The conquest's self but mocks
The soul with idle dreams.
And Fame's most lofty rocks.
With none of Heaven's sweet beams;
That, over all, there broods
The shadow of defeat;
That Fortune's dearest goods
Ke ward no fon J conceit;"
.That love, and wealth, an j fame.
Bat lure to cheat; at.d all
That made the soul's young dream.
But keeps the soul in thra.il.
This is the worst of life ;
And at its close, to sigh;
That we have known the strife.
Not won the victory !
This saddens antnrun's peace.
And makes the harvest vain;
We see no fair increase
From all the golden grain ;
We feel that we have striven.
For mocking toys of Time ;
... Xot for that hope of Heaven.
That makes all hopes sublime !
Kot for that sweet repose.
Which never heeding Fame,
lias sought the race to close,
Without reproach or blame.
Ttae Merry Beggar.
I am a merry beggar,
My heart is bold and light;
I live npon the highway.
And sleep in barns at night.
X eat behind the hedges
My scraps of bread and meat,
. And drink, when thirsty,
The water at my feet."
Bat, money in ray pocket.
And none to tell the tale,
I bie me to the alehouse.
And drink my fill of ale !
1 frown npon the tapsters.
I langb, and shout, and sing;
For, give a beggar money,
He s mighty as a king !
Harper m Weekly.
ArrEcnxc Incident. We are indebted
to Mr. L , recently returned from a
virhaling voyage, for tbe following toocbing
narrative:
Oo the borne voyage of onr Liverpool pack
et, she being crowded with emigrants, that
.awful scourge, the ship fever, broke oat.
-The carpenter of the vessel, one of nature's
.noblemen, and having on board his little son,
. , lad of some twelve summers, was one of
. the first victims. II is shij mates sadly en
;dosed bis body in bis haatuock, and having
read over him tbe burial service, and at
tached to bis feet a grindstone for tbe par
pose of sinking bim, committed it ta the em
brace of old ocean. The poor boy overcome
with Jief at the -loss of his natural protec
tor, sprang overboard, and before be could
.be rescued, was beyond the reach of human
, aid.
(On the day following the burial, a large
. ahark was noticed in the wake of tbe ship;
- (aid as it was almost calm, the sailors asked
.permission to catch it, which was readily
granted by the captain. Having procured
tbook and attached a chain and line, and
ited it with pork, they cast it overboard,
," and soon bad exciting pleasure of booking
the monster, and with the aid of the wind"
, lass, hauled the writhing mass on board.
. As it lay on the deck in its . death struggles
the sailors beard a singular rumbling noise,
that seemed to proceed from the writhing
.captive. Taking a ship axe, they soon cut
.their way into tbe now dead fish, and to
- their great surprise, found that it bad swal
' Jowed tbe carpenter, grindstone and boy, and
that tbe former (who had only swooned)
bad rigged up tbe grindstone, and witb tbe
.assistance of the boy to tarn it, was grinding
bis jack-knife to cut bis way out.
' ' .. The New York Tribune says that
Jt is a striking proof of the whimsicality of
soman taste that tbe crowd will fill aisles,
pews and galleries to bear a maa preach
! tbe Gospel not because be preaches well
jm ill, but because be bas been indicted and
. tried for adultery; while Paul or Peter
" 'might hold forth to the walls as the peneal
. ty of character above suspicion.
From the Portland Standard.
V1Ulams on Adair.
Editor of tbk Standard Sir; I find in
your last paper, copied from the Oregon
Sentinel, a communication from General
Adair to Mr. Bush, in which the author
goes ont of his way to pervert my views
and falsify my position on the slavery ques
tion. I ask the privilege of patting into
the Standard a brief reply, with a request
that tbe Sentinel copy, so that the truth
may directly follow and perchance dispel
that which is not fact in reference to this, I
presume to tbe public, not very important
matter. Ou the 11th day of April, 1857,
the Democratic Territorial Convention, in
view of tbe formation of a State govern
ment and the consequent discussion about
slavery, adopted the following resolution:
Jtuolred, That each member of the dem
ocratic party in Oregon, may freely speak
aud act according to his individual convic
tion of right, aud policy, npon the slavery
question, without in any manner impairing
his standing in the democratic party, on
that acconut, provided that nothing in these
resolutions shall be constructed to toleration
of Black Republicanism, Abolitionism, or
any other faction, or organization, arrayed
in opposition to the Democratic party.
Presuming that this resolution was adopt
ed in good faith. I took the liberty to
"speaa" upon the subject in the Statesman
of July 28th, by which act Gen. Adair
gravely asserts, I not only disturbed the
canvass but violated tbe above quoted reso
lution. When the facts were that docu
ments had been freely circulated, a paper
expressly established, speeches made by men
of prominence, and officeholders all for
slavery in Oregon; how it was that the
temperate and kind expression of my views
on the opposite side disturbed the canvass,
is sometbiug which groundless assertion
does not enable me to understand. Gen.
Adair then says that in the publication re
ferred to "the Wilmot proviso was exhumed
aud set upon its legs again and pronounced
to be a law, voted for by Stephen A Doug
las and approved by James K. Folk in the
face of the Kansas Nebraska bill, tbe de
cision of the Supreme Court in the Dred
Jcott case, and the 11th resolution of the
Democratic Platform," and then goes on to
argue as tbengh combating something I
bad said, that the Wilmot proviso was a
"dangerous faction," &c. I must be per
mitted to say, begging pardon for plainness
of Btjle, that this accusation brought
against me by Gen. Adair, is not only with
out any founadtion in fact, but bas not the
semblance of truth to support it. I deny
in the most emphatic manner that "the Wil
mot proviso was cxbuuied aud set npon its
legs again," in the before mentioned publi
cation, but on the contrary, I declared in a
clear end positive manner my position to
be, "that the General Government had no
right in any way to interfere with slarerj,
except to tarry out the fagitiee slate clause of
the Constitution.". True, I did say that
Douglas voted for and Polk approved tbe
bill to organize Oregon Territory with a
slavery prohibition; but I did not cite that
fact "to set the Wilmot proviso upon its
legs again," but to show tbe understanding
of these men that slavery was an impractica
ble thing in this country, and to dissipate
every pretext for understanding my lan
guage, I expressly stated that the "reason
why Douglas voted lor and Folk anoroved
our Orgauic Act was because they did uot
dream at the time that slavery would ex
ist in Oregon." I referred with the same
view to what Jefferson, Randolph, Webster
Buchanan, Cass and Clay, bad said upon
tbe question, and I affirm now, that in tbe
publication that has exercised Gen. Adair
so much, I did little more 'than to elabor
ate and apply to tbe circumstances of Ore
gon, ideas upon slavery, advauced by these
sound and conservative statesmen. Gen.
Adair knows that I am not iu favor of the
Wilmot proviso, for be bas beard me in tbe
most public manner declare my hostilitv to
all such legislation, and it may not be amiss
to add mat wtuie Uen. Adair inoffensive
democracy enabled bim to avoid a removal
by and receive thousands of dollars as sala
ry from tbe administration of Millard Fill
more once the leading anti-slavery whig of
New York, and since a conspicious know
nothing 1 was canvassing as a Presiden
tial elector for Pierce, and trying to con
viuce tbe people of the State in which I
lived that the Wilmot proviso was an out
rage upon the rights of the South. I defy
any man to say, and speak tbe trutb, that
be ever beard a word or saw a line from me
in favor of the Wilmot proviso or anvthiu?
of the kind.
Gen. Adair then very coolly says that in
my communication of last summer, "every
argument that ever fell from the lips or pens
of tbe opponents of slavery, 'were' arrayed
against its introduction or permission under
our Constitution." I shall not characterize
this assertion as it ought to be, but proceed
with few words to place it beneath tbe con
tempt of any candid man. Far from otter
ing what Geu. Adair charges npon me, I
expressly say that "I have no objections,
uot local, to slavery." I say too, thai "1
do not reproach tbe slave-holders of South
far holding slaves, but consider them a high
minded, honorable and humane a class of
meu as can be found in tbe world, and
throughout tbe slavery agitation have con
tended that they were more siuncd against
than siuuing." Again, I reprobate "the
foclish zeal of Abolitioism," "disclaim all
sympathy with agitation," and "denounce
all sectional organizations7 iu reference to j
slavery. To repeat here all I did say, is of
course impossible; but tbe tenor aud pur
pose of all my arguments were to prove in
Northern latitudes in a country situated
like Oregon, tbousauds of miles lrom slave
holding States, with a divided public seuti
meut, with all the nufavorable circumstan
ces of position, climate and productions
that slavery would be an impracticable,
unprofitable and troublesome institution.
"The head and front of my offending bath
this extent, no more." lias it not fallen
"from tbe lips or peus of tbe opponents of
slavery," that it was against natural right
e-tbat it was contrary to law, religion and
morality that it was the sum of all ava
rice, cruelty and crime? Will Gen. Adair
pretend that I employed these or similar ar
guments in tbe discussion of tbe question?
To me it seems very 6trange that blindness
of zeal should so possess and mislead a
man, who is entitled to the distinguished
credit of being "born between the gatea of
Ashland and tbe Hermitage." j
Unfounded and unjust as I conceive these
charges to be, I am not disposed to retort
with barsh and recriminative words. I am
willing, indeed, to be charitable, and ascribed
the General's misrepresentations to igno
rance rather than ill-will, for I know that
many persons ma.de a great outcry abont
my letter npon si.riv who never saw, or
if they saw, neve; read it. I shall content
myself at this time with an unqualified con
tradiction of all that Gen.' Adair has said
about me iu bis quarrel with Mr. Bush, and
believe that it will not be necessary to tax
tbe newspapers with any further notice of
the matter, for I am sure that Gen. Adair
will see that he has few laurels to win by
following op an attack so recklessly and
wrongfully commenced.
GEO. H. WILLIAMS.
Elkton, Oct. 27, 1858.
En. Statesmax: In conformity to the
spirit of the times, I find myself seated, with
nri enormous quill, plucked from tbe side of
a representative of the genus anat, poised
over a sheet of paper for the purpose of
dropping you a few items. To begin with:
Providence has kindly sent a few refreshing
showers, causing old mother earth to ap
pear once more clothed in living green. No
new excitement ef late occurred to break the
dnll monotony of current events. Well,
then, the bubble hasburstedl the Frazier
humbug has exploded! and the people
again are content to pursue their peaeeful
avocations. The fever, in this portion of
the moral vineyard, although at one time it
assumed rather a malignant aspect, subsid
ed without much fatality resulting there
from ; the farmers having become well con
vinced that more wealth is to be obtained
by turning over the virgin soil of Oregon,
aud improving their farms, than by chasing
after imaginary rich gold placers. I will
jnst state, by the way, that I have recently
visted the future capital of Oregon En
gene City. It is situated at the southern
terminus of a beautiful plain, and a little
farther to the south extends a low range of
hills, which to the westward gradually rises
to the .altitude of mountains, witb their
lofty peaks towering one above another, en
til, far in the distance, their summits are
lost in the clear blaze of the ethereal blue.
The landscape scenery is grand 1 Nature
here works on a magnificent scale. Tbe
distant mountain peeks, as they raise their
giant heads, to receive the earliest morning
kiss of lovely Aurora, as she blushes along
the crimsoned horizon; or, Phebus, when,
first he makes his appearance in the dap
pled east, and begins toiling up the steep
ascent, presents one of the most picturesque
sights on which tbe eye "of man ever rested.
Ou the eastern side of toe city the Wil
lamette rolls her placid waters leisurely by.
As I stood upon the banks of this majestic
stream, and watched the heavily laden
steamboats, which weie continually arriving
aud discharging at the wharves, my mind
was transported back to scenes, of which
this seems to be such a striking similitude,
witnessed long years ago, on the banks of
old Mississippi. Passing from Water street
to Commercial, in company with a friend, a
worthy limb of the law, 1 pursued my way
to the Mill-race, at tbe upper end of the
city, where 6tand tbe city Mills. Raving
satisfied our curiosity witb regard to all
things appertaining to that locality, we. fol
lowed along down Main street, unti'. arriv
ing opposite Republican Square, when we
observed to our right, a suberb edifice, with
a portico in front, supported by six Corin
thian col urn us. On entering the building
and aseendiug a flight of marble stairs, we
landed in a capacious room, which my friend
informed me, to be where the "Pacific Jour
nal" is published. Mr. Rogers, tbe editor
of tbe "Journal" is one of tbe most saga
cious writers of tbe age. As yet his star
bas only made its appearance ia tbe firma
ment; but it is manifest from the intrinsic
merits of ibe little paper, that it will con
tinue to grow brighter and brighter, nntil,
at length it will break forth with a brillian
cy, which must inevitably eclipse all inferior
lights. The Fplendid superstructure, in
which tbe Journal Is published, would con
vey no very inadequate foretaste of its lit
erary merits. In tbe evening I went into
the Court house, where the blacks were
holding a jollification over the defeat of
the Lecompton constitution in Kansas.
The chairmain on taking bis seat returned
thanks for honors conferred, and gravely
said: "Fellow citizen, 8 I can't tell the object
of this meeting, but as I see so many faces
present, it is evident, to me that they met
here for some purpose." He thought Mr.
Pengree could afford them some light on
the subject. Mr. P. thought the cbarmain
bad called upon tbe wrong individual, and
referred them to Mr. Curley. The battle
now waxed warm. The "big guns" thun
dered; and those of a less calibre flashed.
Mr. C. did not wish to be considered the
originator of the meeting. In fact tbe
whole thing had proved a failure the moun
tain bad labored and bronght forth a mouse
and each of the participants seemed de
sirous of leaving tho impression that their
part ia the drama was limited to a small
sphere. The gaslly features of "bleeding
Kansas," were Held up to tbe gaze or the
admiring audience, democrats denounced,
tbe administration execrated, but no words
of reproof for the blood thirsty Jim. Lane
and bis followers could find utterance from
their patriotic lips. Another thing I ob
served, tbey seem to have incorporated a
new plank icto their platform opposition
to tbe Mormon war. RAMBLER.
Emigration from State to State. Ac
cording to the returns of tbe last United
States census there are more natives of the
southern states residing in the North in pro
portion to southern population than of the
northerners who live in tbe South. We
think the general opinion is the reverse of
this. In Maine there are to be found 3,
092 persons who were southerners by birth;
whereas ia Missisippi there are bat 250 na
tives of tbe northern states. The smallness
of the number of New Englanders in the
South is quite remarkable and we think
that the largeness of the number of natives
of tbe South to be found in New England
will quite astonish those who have not ex
amined the subject. For example, there
are 271 natives of Virginia residing in
Maine, and only 94 natives of Maine in
Virginia. The whole number of natives of
New England, residing in. Mississippi ia
124, while there are 1023 natives of Missis
sippi residing in New England." These are
examples of the state of things on a wide
scale.
In looking over all the free states we End
that Massachusetts has 8752 natives of tbe
South, while New York has about 20,000.
Other northern states that have large num
bers of sonthern born inhabitants are Penn
sylvania, Ohio, Illinois and Indiana.
A few facts will show that southern men
emigrate much from one state to another in
their own section. Of the inhabitants of
Virginia, 10,000 were natives of North
Carolina and as many of Alabama, 46,000
of Tennessee and 54,000 of Kentucky.
To people North Carolina there came 37,
000 from Georgia, 28,000 frqm Alabama,
72,000 from Tennessee, and 14,000 from
Kentucky. As a general law, tbe emigra
tion flows westward from state to state en
tbe parallels of latitude. For example,
emigrants from England find their new
homes in New York, Ohio, Michigan, Wis
consin, Illioois.and Iowa, while tbe Geor
gian seeks an adopted home in Alabama,
Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas, and yet
we find many exceptions to the law. It was,
perhaps, owing in part to this general ten
dency of emigration in this country that it
flowed rather more naturally into Kansas
from the free than from the slave states.
Emigration has flowed very rapidly from
tbe seaboard slave states to the western and
southwestern. Two or three facts will in
dicate the vast extent of it. From South
Carolina alone, 180,479 native white Caro
linians have been distributed through the
West and the Southwest. Tbe population
of Texas in 1850 was but 51C41; now it
is about 600,000, and maiuly the result of
emigration frm states to the eastward of
it. Foreigners, particularly Germans, have
settled more in Texas than perhaps in any
other southern state. The Germans began
to settle in Texas as early as 1S43, being
invited there by the Texas land speculators.
In 1845, 2,000 families, embracing 5,200
Germaus, bad been induced to cross tbe sea
to enter a state that was that year annexed
to the United States, an event which was
followed by the late war with Mexico.
Within a few years there has been a consid
erable emigration from the free states to
Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri and other
slave states, with a view of iutroduciug
free labor for agricultural and other purpos
es. Thus slave labor is gradually pressed
further South. Such processes may have
something to do in promoting a geueral
system of emancipation in tbe northern
slave states. Boston Post.
A Graphic Piece of Word-Painting.
At the Stockbridge cable celebration, Mr.
Ensign II. Kellogg made a successful attempt
to paiut tbe emotions of Mr. Field and hit
family during the final conflict of energy
and science with the oceanic elements. It
was a difficult effort for tbe orator, bat bis
triumph is the greater that be succeeded so
well. Said Mr. Kellogg:
It rarely happens to a human being, to
have so much of life crowded into a few days
as this Berkshire boy must have experienced
between the 28th of Jaly ad the 5ta of Au
gust. What reading! if he could transfer
to tbe printed page, tbe varied emotions
that must have swayed bis breast. When
this gallant admiral, his broad pennant again
cpon the breeze, with his nil disperandum
burnt into its ample folds, led the telegraph
ic fleet out to mid-ocean rendezvous, and
there prepared for another and last attempt
to bridle the mighty main, it was a spectacle
that might well attract the attention of all
men. Once, twice, and thrice, had the
restive elements foiled him. He saw tbe
derisive smile that curled the lip of tbe un
thinking world; and though he was warmed
by the sympathy of all reflecting men, he
felt that their confidence was fast crumbling
away. His heart perhaps misgiving bim in
view of previous failures, stricken with the
exhausting toil it had cost him to couquer
tbe assent of a majority of tbe company to
another trial, with so much of Tame and for
tune staked on the venture; it was a ques
tion of inconceivable coucern to bim, as tbe
cable was joined and tbe two fleets moved
off for their respective continents, what issue
Heaven might vouchsafe to this final at
tempt. .
We can see with what calm watchfulness
he regarded the first 100 miles ron as deter
mining nothing either way; bow bis anxiety
grew as he neared the 150 miles limit, be
yond which, ir accident occurred, he was to
return no more, but pursue homeward his
inglorious pathway; how bis hopes went into
tbe watery depths as tbe signals from tbe
Agamemnon failed, and rebounded again
iuto mid air as those signals returned; bow,
while the work goes bravely on from morn
to eve, from eve to morn, the heavens smiling
and the waters holding their peace, be walks
tbe deck with a more assured tread, his
heart begining to dart messages of exulting
love to his distant, desponding borne; tbe
playful badinage of the idling sailors about
the Don Quixote of the seas, fairly dying
away; hope speaking from the eyes of tbe
captain, officers and crew iu language more
emphatic than tongue could utter; and when
he found himself fairly within the gates of
Trinity Bay, beyond the reach of the tern
pest's sturdy blows, beyond the fearful ap
proaches of tbe mountainous messeugers of
tbe frozen nortb, his eyes resting on the
green outlines of tbe continent lie bad now
bound to another; and when tbe tube whis
pered to him from Valentia Bay, through
tbe everlasting caverns of tbe Atlantic,
"Here also, it is done:" you may conceive,
but I cannot describe, the unburtbeuing of
bis soul as it rose into the serenity of full
assnrauce aud breathed forth the glad an
nouncement, "Achieved is the glorious
workl"
The fact is, my friends, that no ordinary
sized heart could have survived tbe tumult
of feeling that raged within on the comple
tion of tbe enterprise, and that our friend
is here to-day, alive and well, only proves
what we knew before, that his is one of
large dimensions.
But while we keep company with the fath
er and the husband as he ploughs his radiant
pathway across the waters, our fancies can
not help glancing at his far distant home.
at the cbildreu grouped around the heroic
mother, tbe respected and cherished friend
and acquaintance of so many of us here to
day. The latest tidings, before the wire
finally lifted the dark curtains, were proba
bly or tne laiiure of tbe June attempt.
What days for that home, were those that
intervened? Witb her own heart overbur
thened with doubt and perplexity, she had
yet the fortitude and tact characteristic of
her sex, to instil a cheerful courage into
those who must not be left to weep and
wail the sorrows that tender childhood too
keenly apprehends. I presume it would
hardly be fancying, to say that the altar of
that borne was often bedewed with tears,
while tbe guidance and protection of heaven
was sought for bim who was on the deep.
Nor mother, nor child, will ever forget that
eventful hour, when, in a moment, literally
as qnick as lightning, their darkest day was
dissolved into the blaze of a world's ap
plause. Free Negroes. The people of Oregon
last fall, in the adoption of a State Consti
tution, decided against the admission of
free negroes into the State by an over
whelming vote. Of course, this feature of
our Constitution was denounced by the
Black Republican press, throughout the
Northern States, as inhuman and oppress
ive, and was made the ground of objection
to our admission into tbe Union by some of
tbe Black Republican members of Con
gress. But the wisdom of the course adopt
ed by onr citizens is abundantly vindicated
by the experience of those States where
free negroes are tolerated. Witness he
following, from the Xenia (O.) News, in
reference to tbe moral and social condition
of the free ppgroos in that community.
We may add, that what is true of tbe free
negroes in Xenia, is true of free negroes
everywhere:
What is the fact as developed in Greene
county? What has been added to our
strength, as a producing community, by the
influx of negroes? We find, upon examin
ation, that some two or three hundred ne
groes are idle loafers, either living off tbe
fruits of gambliug, or are those whose mas
ters have, with their freedom, given them
property, money. Others subsist by pick
ing np quarters and balres in cboring about
town. While a few may be found, like
men, in that country engaged in agricultur
al employment, the majority prefer to live
about Xenia, and earn a precarious subsis
tence from day to day. Another charac
teristic, and still worse one, is that when
they get money it goe3 like water. The
darkey loves his good dinners, his good
clothes, and the other useless etceteras of
life too well to resist gratifying bis taste as
long as there is a shot in the locker. Nor
are they thrifty, when supplied with munifi
cence to start the world with. A gentle
man from the Sonth, who bas quartered
upon a farm in our county some of his
emancipated slaves, during a late visit de
tailed the following facts: He said be found
everything going to ruin about the place;
the work thriftlessly done; the negroes liv
ing like nabobs, aud supporting numbers
of their friends whose purses were empty,
and in a few years, if things went on as
tbey were goiug, tbey must come to pov
erty. - . .
What good will such a class of persons
do tbe commuuity? Unless pauperism and
crime are esteemed as benefits, none what
ever. Statistics of Kansas. Tbe population
of Kansas is 80,000, of which Leavenworth
City furnishes 8,000, Leavenworth county
15,000. The portion of the Territory
north of Kausas river embraces over half of
tbe population of the Territory and only
one-third of the settled country.
Atchison county contains 8,000 popula
tion; Doniphan, 8,000; Nemaha, 2,000;
Brown, 2,000; Marshall, 1,500; Calhoun,
2,000: Potawatamie, 2,500; Riley, 2,000
Jefferson, 3,000.
Leavenworth, Jefferson, Potawatamie,
Brown and Doniphan contain Indian reser
vations, unsettled by the whites. The pop
ulation of Indians who still retain their tri
bal relations is about 3,000.
Leavenworth county is the most wealthy
in the Territory. Atchison, Doniphan and
Donglas, next in order.
The wealth of Leavenworth City is esti
mated at $10,000,000. Atchison, at $2,
000,000, Lawrence 1 1,000,000.
The principal towns along the river are,
commencing at the mouth of Kansas river,
Wyandotte, situated at the junction of the
Kansas aud Missouri population 1,230.
Quiudaro, on the Wyandotte lands popu
lation 800. Weimer, settled by the Ger
mans probable population 400, Delaware
population 500. Leavenworth popula
tion 800. Fort Leavenworth permanent
population 500. Kickapoo population
500. Sumner population 450. Atchison
City populatiou 1,500. Douiphan pop
ulation 1,800. Palermo population 800.
Elwood population 1,000. Iowa Point
populatiou 800. White Cloud population
500. St. Louis Democrat.
Can't Please Old Maids. The editor
of a country paper, having been taken to
task by a female correspondent for noticing
a receipt to prevent ladies from taking cold,
viz: "to keep the mouth shut" hits back
as follows; "We could never make our-
hselves popular with old maids. Do
what we could squeeze 'em behind tbe
door, which they dearly love flatter 'em
on the sdfa dance with 'em at parties
take 'em to pic-nics and treat 'em to ice
cream, soda water," "kisses" in short, at
teud ever so gallantly to their wauts, save
making them a direct offer and tbe mo
ment our bad. was turned ttey would turn
to and show their teeth, (false ones of
course.) Well, hope deferred maketh the
heart sick, and we never blame 'em."
S&T Columbus, Ky., must be a bard
place. An old farmer who had beeu some
what unfortunate iu some of bis dealings in
that interesting embryo village, expressed
his opinion of it as follows;
If the angel Gabriel happens to light at
Columbus, there will be no resurrection, for
they'll swindle him out of his horn before
he makes a single toot!
A spruce young man from tbe city.
was riding out in the county witb bis lady
love, and, as tbe sun was hot, be stopped
under tbe shade of a tree to let his horse
breathe, The "skeeters" were thick and
large, and tbe young man tbiuking to have
a little fuo, called out to a farmer at work
in the field: "Hallo, sir, what do von feed
your mosquitoes on?" "We feed 'em on
little' city tellers and bosses," The young
man went on. ' '
BY AUTHORITY.
LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES.
BT THZ PBESrDCCT OF THE CX1TE STAKES OK ASflOtlCA :
A PROCLAMATION.
Whereas, a convention, between the Un
ited States of America and tbe Republic of
Pern, was concluded and signed by their
respective plenipotentiaries, at Lima, on the
twenty-second day of July, one thousand
eight hundred and fifty-six; which conven
tion, being in tbe English and Spanish lan
guages is, word for word, as follows:
The United States of America and the
Republic of Peru, in order to render still
more intimate their relations of friendship
and good nnderstanding, and desiring, for
the benefit of their respective commerce and
that of other nations, to establish an uni
form system of maritime legislation in time
of war, in accordance with the present state
of civilization, have resolved to declare, by
means of a formal convention, the princi
ples which the two republics acknowledge
as tbe basis of the rights of nentrals at sea,
and whichf they recognize and profess as
permanent and immutable, considering-them
as the true and indisapensible conditions of
all freedom of navigation and maritime com
merce and trade.
For this purpose, the President of tbe
United States of America has conferred full
powers on John Randolph Clay, their envoy
extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary
to the government of Peru; and the Libera
tor President of the republic of Peru has
conferred like full powers on Don Jose Ma
ria Segnin, chief officer of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, in charge of that Depart
ment, who, after having exchanged their
said full powers, found to be in good and
due form, bare agreed upon and concluded
the following articles:
Art.. 1. The two high contracting par
ties recognize as permanent and immutable
the following principles:
1st. That free ships make free goods
that is to say, that the effects or merchan
dise belonging to a power or nation at war,
or to citizens or subjects, are free from cap
ture and tbe confiscation when fonad on
board of neutral vessels, with the exception
of articles contraband of war.
2d. That the property of neutrals on
board of an enemy's vessel is not subject to
detention or confiscation, unless the same
be contraband of war; it being also under
stood that, as far as regards tbe two con
tracting parties, warlike articles destined
for the use of either of them, shall not be
be considered as contraband of war.
The two high contracting parties engage
to apply thesa principles to the commerce
and navigation of all Powers and States as
shall consent to adopt them as permanent
and immutable.
' Art. II. It is hereby agreed between
between the two high contracting parties,
that the provisions contained in article
twenty-second of the treaty concluded be
tween them at Lima, on the twenty-second
of the treaty conclnded between them at
Lima, on tbe twenty-sixth day of Jcly, one
thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, are
hereby annulled and revoked, in so far they
militate against, or are contrary to, the
stipulations contained in this convention;
but nothing in tbe present convention shall,
in any manner, affect or invalidate the
stipulations contained in the other articles
of the said treaty of the twenty -sixth of
July, one thousand eight hundred aud fifty
one, which shall remain iu their full force
and effect.
Art. III. The two high contracting par
ties reserve to themselves to coyne to an ul
terior understanding, as circumstances may
require, with regard to the application and
extension to be given, if there be any canse
for it, to the principles laid down in the first
article. But they declare, from this time,
that tbey will take the stipulations contain
ed in the said article as a rule, whenever it
shall become a question, to judge of tbe
rights of neutrality.
Art. IV. It is agreed between tbe two
high contracting parties that all nations
which shall consent to accede to the rules
of the first article of this convention by a
formal -declaration, stipulating to observe
them, shall enjoy the rights resulting from
snch accession as they shall be envoyed and
observed by the two parties signing this
convention; they shall commanicata to each
othe tbe result of the steps which may be
taken on the subject.
Art. V. "The present convention shall
be approved and ratified by tbo President
of the United States of Ameriea, by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate
of said States, aud by tbe repablic of Pern,
with the authorization of the legislative
body of Peru, and the ratifications shall be
exchanged at Washington within eighteen
months from the date of the signature here
of, or sooner, if possible.
In faith whereof, the plenipotentiaries of
the United States of America and the re
public of Peru have signed and sealed these
presents.
Done at the city of Lima, on the twenty
second day of July, in the year of our Lord
one thousaud eight hundred and fifty-six.
J. RANDOLPH CLAY.
J. M. SEGUIN.
, And, whereas tbe said convention has
been duly ratified on both parts, and tbe re
spective ratifications of tbe same were ex
changed iu this city on tbe thirty-first ulti
mo: Now, therefore, be it known, that I,
JAMES BUCHANAN, President of the
United States of America, hare caused the
said convention to be made public, to the
end that the same, and every clause and ar
ticle thereof, may be observed and fulfilled
by the United States and citizens thereof.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto
set my hand and caused tbe seal of the. Uni
ted States to be affixed.
Done at tbe city of Washington, this sec
ond day of November, Anno Domini, eigh
teen hundred and fifty-seven, and ot Inde
pendence of the United States of America
tbe eighty-second.
JAMES BUCHANAN.
By tbe President:
Lewis Cass, Secretary of State..
BT THE PRESIDENT OF THE CNITKD STATES OP AMEBIC! :
A PROCLAMATION.
Whereas a convention for the mutual de
livery of criminals, fugitives from justice, in
certain cases, between the United States of
of America and the Grand Duchy of Baden
was conclnded and signed by their respect- J
ive plenipotentiaries, at Berlin, on the 30th
day of January last, which convention, be
ing in tbe English and German languages,
is word for word, as follows:
Convention for the mutual delivery of erim-i
inals, fugitives from justice, iu certain
cases, concluded between the United
States, on one part, and the Grand Duchy
of Baden on the other part.
Whereas it is found expedient, for tbe
better administration of justice and tbe pre
vention of crime within the territories and
jurisdiction of the parties," respectively, thafe
persons committing certain heinous crime?,
being fugitives from justice, should nader
certain circumstances, be reciprocally deliv
ered np; and also to enumerate such Crimea
explicitly; end whereas the laws and con
stitution of Baden do not allow its govern
ment to surrender its own citizens to a for
eign Jurisdiction, the government cf the Un
ited States, with a view of making the con
vention strictly reciprocal, shall be held
equally free from any obligation to surren-.
der citizens of the United States; therefore,
on the one part, the United States of Amer
ica, and on the other part, his Royal High
ness the Grand Duke of Baden, having re
solved to treat on this subject, have, for
that purpose, appointed their respective
plenipotentiaries to negotiate and conclndo
a convention; that is to say, the President
ef the United States of America, Peter D,
Vroom, envoy extraordinary and minister
plenipotentiary of the United States, at tba
court of the Kingdom of Prussia, and bis
Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Baden,
Adoiph, Baron Darschall de'Bieberstein, hia
said Royal .Highness' envoy extraordinary
and minister fplenipontentiary at the court
of hia Maiestv the Kin? of Prussia. &c.
&c, &c; who, after reciprocal communica
tion of their respective powers, have agreed
to and Eisrned the following articles:
Art. I. It is agreed that the United
States and Baden shall, upon mutual requi
sitions by them, or: their ministers, officer,
or authorities, respectively made, deliver up
to justice all persons who, being charged
with the crime of marder, or assault with,
intent to commit murder, cr piracy, or ar-.
son, or robbery, or forgery, cr the fabrica
tion or circulation of counterfeit Eoaey,
whether cin or paper money, or the embez
zlement of public moneys, committed withia
the jurisdiction cf either psrty, shall seek
an asylum, or sha!l be foand within the ter
ritories cf the. other: Provided, That this
shall only be done npon Each evidence of
criminality as, according to ths laws of ths
place where the fugitive or person so charg
ed shall be found, would justify his appre
hension and commitment for trial, if tba
crime or offence had there been committed -and
the respective judges and other magis
trates of the two governments shall have
power, jurisdiction, and authority, npon,
complaint made under oatb, to issue a war
rant for the apprehension ef the fugitive or
person so charged, that he may hz bronght
before such judges cr other magistrates, re
spectively, to the cad that the evidence of
criminality may be heard and considered;
and if, on such bearit.g, the evidence be
deemed sufficient to sustain tbe charge, it
shail be the duty of the examining judge or
magistrate to certify the same to the, proper
executive authority, that a warrant .may
sue for the surrender of such fagitive.
The expenssjf snch apprehension and de
livery shall be borne and defrayed by tba
party who makes the requisition and receive,
the fugitive.
Nothing in this article contained shall be
construed to extend to crimes cf a political
character.
Art. II. Neither cf the contracting
parties shall be bound to deliver np its own
citizens or subjects nader the stipulation of
this convention.
Apr. Ill- Whenever any persoa accused
of any of the crimes enumerated in this
convention sbaii have committed a new
crime in the territories of the State where
be bas sought an asylum or shall be found,
such person shall not be delivered np nader
tbe stipulations of this convention nntil ho
shall have been tried, and shall have receiv
ed -the punishment due to such new crime,
or shall have been acquitted thereof.
Art. IV. The present convention shall
continue in force nntil tbe first of January,
one thonsand eight hundred and sixty,
(I860;) and if neither party shall hava
giveu to the other six months' previous no
tice of its intention then to terminate tba
same, it shall further remain in force until,
the end of twelve months after either of tho
high contracting parties shall have given
notice to the other of such intention; each
of the high contracting parties reserving to
itself the right of giTing such notice to tho
other at any time after the expiration of
the first day of January, one thousand eight
hundred aud sixty, (I860.)
Art. V. The- present convention shall
be ratified by the President, by and with
the advice aud consent of tbe Senate of the
United States, and by the government of
Baden, and the ratifications shall be ex
changed in Berlin, within one year from the
date hereof, or sooner, if possible.
Ia faith whereof the respective plenipo
teutiaries have signed this convention, and
have hereunto aSSxed their seals.
Done ia duplicate at Berlin, the thirtieth
day of January, one thousand eight bun
dred and fifty-seven, (1857,) and the eighty
first year of the independence of the United
States.
P. D. VROOM,
ADOLPH BAR. MAESCHALL
DE BIERSTEIN.
Aud whereas the said convention has
been duly ratified on both parts, and the
respective ratifications of the same were ex
changed at Berlin, ou the 31st ultimo, by
Peter D. Vroom, envoy extraordinary and
minister plenipotentiary of the United
States, and Adoiph, Baron Marschall de
Bieuerstein, envoy extraordinary aud mia-
ister plenipotentiary of bis Royal Highnesa
tbe Grand Duke of Baden, at the court of
bis Majesty tbe King of Prussia, on the pari
of their respective governments;
. Now, therefore, be it known, that I.
JAMES BUCHANAN, President of tho
L niled States of America, hare caused the
said convention to be made pnblic, to tba
end that the same and every clause and ax
tide thereof may be observed and fulfilled
with good faith by the L nited States anq
the citizens thereof.
In witness whereof I have hereunto sat
my hand and caused the seal of the United
States to bo affixed.
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