sleep in tbe blockhouse. A short tint since, the
Northerners ramo down in a largo cannc, and
made a rccoitnoisance uf the premise. Keatdav
they sent word to Col. t'itchugh tlint they had
carefully rxainiued his defences, and as he ap-
Cenivd to be a 7r, they intended to take the
t nkhouso and his head on their nett timI This
i not nt all an improbable contingency, though
f'ol. r. has grat faith in the support of bin own
Indians, who arts more afraid off the Northerners
than the whites.
A picket frt, under the command of Col. tV-k-ett,
has been bnilt at a distance of fire miles from
Whatfcnm. the town of Beliingham Bay. These
rsme Indians inspected this fort, and notified Col.
iTttmt they would soon take his head as a trophy
which they much desired. Col. P. found means
to seed thorn Word that ho would be h.ippv to de-
u V"v to uiem any amount of grnpo and canmster
hut that bis uead-nieee waa an indisnensablo an -
nun wuean naoui so vary tuuouivn
tent fwr him to part.
:- While at Bellinghant Bay, Messrs. Sirngue and
Brewnatnade a reconnoisance of the coal mines,
and were wry favorably impressed with the great
' r-atunt and value of the veins, and the incalcula
ble importance to the whole Tarifie coast of this
discovery. About 4,000 tons hare already been
tiu out "and (old, of which 3,600 fbnnd a market
In Man Francisco. None of the coal ret shipped,
however, eqnals that no In process of excavation.
There i one shaft sunk of 121 feet. - The first
room is fifty feet from the entrance ; the second
' eifrhtr-six feet, just laid off, and ready to be work
d. In the latter, Ike coal is of the very best
quality far-superior to any yet seen in Pan Fran
cisco and the indications are, that the bank of
this quality of coal is inexhaustible. A steam en-
pine has been erected, and other works are in
progress, but the force employed la altogether in
uta iet. Instead of three miners and three cut-
tern, there should be twentv of each, and as much
etftside labor as may.be necessary to den-lop the
full resources of the' mines.' Until this is done,
the stockholders may look in rain for profits. No
wuainv ia pruniaoiv unless it la cunuui ti-ri im
encrjry, and this is especially the case with coal
mines. ' "
l'revious to this last excavation. Dr. Evans, the
celebrated geologist, made an analysis ef inferior
specimens of the coal, and found the result to te
as follows?
Speelne gravity. .
t"artxn ia coke. .
Volatile gases. .
MvUtnre
Ashe. ..........
Jx lp!:i:r
..1,34a
60.M
2.5
10.1
l-r-4
4!
. . 100.CO
. It. Ivan speaks in high terms of lliis eonl,
says "it wiU produce an cxcelleut coke, aud is
well suit; 1 -O manufacturing and domestic pur
poses. I; burns very freely, nnd, although rather
light f-rr hug sea voyages, unless the construction
ot furnaces should" be changed, lessening the
draft, is suitable for river, navigation."' It mar
bo aM-.d that the coal recently produced is much
belter than any heretofore tested, and is nsed to
great advantMge by the steamers Active and Con
stitution on the Pound.
Kctnrning to Tort Townend, after vi-titing the
.Island of fciuyemas, aad other points of interest,
the nest step was to investigate the condition of
canJrs on hidby's Island. Crossing over in a
boat, ihe f jrty examined the honse of Cot. Ilbey,
which thev fom deserted, and in great disorder,
being thofoughlv ransiked by the Indians. The
Marshal, Mr. Corliss, has published an accurate
statement of the murder. A catloO with nine In
dians came to the landing on the preeeilLPg day,
and were ordered oif. Thev returned that mVi'
aad, aided by the darkness, surrounded thehonse.
Aroused, by the barkinr of hi dog. Col. Kbey
stepped out, and seeing the Indians, urgd them
to go awav. He had no arms about him or in the
house. They fired upon him and wounded him
and afterwards, upon a second fire .k died him.
when they sprang upon his prostrate boi'.y and
cut his htrad off, as if with a knife. His wife, two
children. Mr. and Mrs. Corliss, escaped out of the
back window aad fled into the woods. Before
they cottld procure assistance, the Indians made
their escape, taking wifh them their bloody tro
phy. This murder is the more remarkable, as
Col. Ebey had always treated the Northern In
dians with the greatest hospitality. It is suppos
ed to have been induced by the killirg cf a party
of the same tribe some time ago by the Massa
chusetts. These Indians are never Known to for
got an injury, and they have proclaimed tlicir lu
te Hon of having the head of a white Tyte for
every man of their tribe killed by the whites.
Whn th news reached Tort Townsend, seven
teen of the Northern Indians of a different tribe,
were taken, and imprisoned in the blockhouse,
lr'.rn which, howevT, they made their ecape, by
t!io connivance ef the guard. Some of them were
afterwards killed by a party cf Col. Htzhngh's
Indians. "
No steps have yet been taken by the military
authorities to capture and punish the murderers ;
and, as thev live ia the Russian possessions, it is
not Kicviy that they will bo molt-stci. The arri
val of the steamer Constitution about this time,
gave some confidence to the settlers : but that
vcsel is too large, slow and unwieldy for purpo
se of Indian warfare- It is not thought that
sac. will run more than six months, there being
neitheMrade nor travel enough to support her,
erttt with the aid of a mail contract.
From Ebcy's house, proceeded across the Is
land on foot, and took a canoe at Pcnu's Cove.
The Indian men had all gone away, and here the
party had to hire three women to paddle them as
far as Oak Harbor, where a number of the Scag
get tribes are located. These were in a very bad
cotuiition rufr."iiig much from sickness, and
with a donbtful prospect of mbsistence daring
the winter.
Ketarced to Port Townsend and took steamer
Constitution to Seattle thence to Steilacoom and
Olympia. - Crossed from Olympia in a canoo to
the Suusion reservation, 12 Djilcs distant, on the
Klutcbetuin Island, at the entrance of BuJd's In
let. Several Indian honses have been erected
hero, but bo Indians are living in them at pres
ent. A small patch of ground has been cultivat
ed, and a blacksmith shop and school established,
under the treaty of Medicine Creek. No projjress
has been made in educating the children, it being
. impossible to enforce attendance ; and apart from
this, where presents have been made to induce
the children to attend, they cnlcarn by night
what they learn bv day. To carry out a school
system with the Indians, they must be w holly
separated from their parents and families ; other
wise it is a farce to attempt to teach them the
arts of civilization.
So long as the Indians arc fed and clothed at
Government expense, and paid for working for
themselves, they wi!l no doubt remain quiet; but
no nUiraate benefit can result from the Rcscrva
tion system, unless the young Indians are taken
away aad trained up nnder better influences than
any ihey are surrounded by at these places.
Having visited all the tribes on the Sound, and
.thoroughly investigated the accounts of the
Agents, and inquired from every source into the
origin and causes cf the war, the conclusion was
irresistible that tha treaties ought ta bo ratified ;
that another war may break cui at any time if
something is not speedily done to concentrate and
pacify the Indians.
It is grossly unjust te charge the people of
Washington Territory w ith having commenced a
wir of plunder against the public Treasury. This
war was forced npon them, and had Ion" been de
signed by the Klickitats, Yakimas and Walla-wa-U
before the treaties made by Gov. r-tcvens.
The country is now waste and de.-olate, and
has lost a valuable part of its population. The
v.-.tr debt as allowed by the Commutsiouers at
Vancouver, amounts to about a million and a
half, which will not pay anything towards the
ilamage done to property, and the almost total de-
stmction of all the business interests of the Ter
ritory. Mr. Browne has obtained indubitable evidence
.f the existence of a combination between the
tribes east and wot of the Cascades, as far as
Southern Oregon, to kill the whites by one united
effort, long prior to the Council at Walla-walla,
and prcoeding the Rogue River war of 1S53.
l'rocecdine from W ashington Territory, over
land through Oregon, the party after a journey of
-several days, reaenco ine iiranu ionae Reserva
tion, situated 30 miles from Salem, and about iio
from the coast. Here-thcy called a council of the
priucipal Chiefs, and held a long talk over the
affairs of tko various tribes. Here are collected
about 100l Indians, comprising a small part of
ta Kogue iiveri, the confederated trines ot the
Cmpquas aad Calapooiae, tbe Molallas, Willa
mette, etc Only jaeoat forty of the whole num
er are engaged at any land of work. Notwith
standing ail the difbeslties encountered, however
tha Agent has built nearly one hundred houses,
aud tud nnder cultivation some 2,320 acres of
land, which would have aided materially in sup
posting them this winter, bnt Air the drought and
jtajtisiJailiire of tbe crops. No difficulty, how-
Jf PPhendeu, as there is an niacin supply
uf Morisiuns en hand lor their t naport!
V? P?ancil eoa, the Cniet complained
of tad fauh on the part of the Uovemweot, in
not paying them their aannities ; also of the bad
climate of the Grand Runde. where they aay they
are ail dying. This is true to some extent, ow iue
to cianje of climate and the prevailing iufluenza
which has assumed a, very malignant furm at this
place. . - .
Proceeding thence bixty nulea, by way uf Kort
TXaskins, the SUetts Reservation wu next riaited.
ThU is quite a new place, and contains the largest
!.oJr S Indians brought together in eitl ar Xerri-
' ..rj," ton-si .Gag f the Rogue Birtrs, hta.
and Coast Indians as far south as Kopue river,
nnder treaties, besides various other tril es with
w hom treaties have been made, but never ratified.
1'nlike the soil of the Grand Kondc which is of a
cold and poor uuality, the gitetts embraces some
f the best land In Oregon Territory, and is but
six miles from the head of the navigable waters
of Taquinna Bay. '
i lleru another council was held, and the Chiefs
told their ' wrongs and grievances, alt of which
the Special Agvnt promised them he would faith
fully report to their Great Father at Washington.
They are desirous of going back to their native
valleys on the Rogue River, and are generally dis
satisfied with their present location. The whole
system seems to be a cruel and monstrous evil ;
but civilisation must take the precedence, and
there is no remedy for it, bnt to treat these poor
beings witn fcinduess and Humanity wnen tncy
1 k.h th....i. ... ant ;tti thn nimmt axvritv
and riror nnon the first svmptom of an outbreak
The war debt of Oregon, as passed npon by the
Commissioners, has reached the round sum of
3,500,000 making, with that of Washington
Territory, f5,oufl.000. Nor does this Include any
of the claims which will hereafter be presented to
Congress for spoliations, being onlv for actual
services rendered and supplies actually furnished.
After a thorough examination of Indian affairs
and accounts of Agents west of the Cascades,
Messrs. Brown aud Sprague . proceeded to the
eastward, and buld council with the principal
chief of the Nes Pcrces, (who had come down to
Ihe Dalles,) Ihe Wasros, aud a few of tha Yaki
mas and Klickitats. Lawyer, the Chief of the
Nes Perees, is a man of great intelligence and
good sense. Ho , professed friendship for the
whites, but stated that others of the promineut
chiefs were disaffected, owing to the non-ratification
of the-treaty. He thought it ungrateful on
the part of the Government ; that he had been
always on the side of peace, had furnished horses
for the volunteers for which he had never receiv
ed payment, and yielded up his allegiance and
arms, without receiving any of tha annuities
promised him in the treaty whilst the Blackfeet,
who had always been fighting against the whites,
aud the Yakimas aud Klickitats aud other hostile
tribes were now treated as friends. There is a
good deal of truth in this, and if peace is desira
ble, something should be doue for Lawyer and
his tribe.
Haviug thus conferred with tha various chief,
with whom treaties had been mado,asid ascertain
ed their feeliugs, it seemed evident that they are
in a very disaffected condition, and the present
peace cast of the Cascades can only bo regarded
as a truce, which may be followed by vnen w ar at
anv moment. . ,
But one opinion prevails throughout tho Terri
tories in relercnce to the murderers of Fantyng,
Mattice and Bulon. They should be taken aud
Cunisbcd, even at the expense of another out
reak. If Government admits that it is afraid to
take them lest there should bo more war, then it
at once acknowledges its inability to protect its
own citisens aud ageuts. If tho death of liolon
is left unavenged, what security is thero for the
lives of any of tbe Indian Agents t
The same may be said of the murderers of
Wright, w ho are now going at large on the 8iletts
Reservation, fed and clothed nt Government ex
pense. It was but recently that they held feasts
and dances over the scalp, aud but for . the hero
ism and daring of tho Agent in taking the scalp
from them, they would have continued their or
gies to the present time. .
The chief causes of the war. which formed the
principal subject of Mr. Brown's investigations,
may be snmmed up in a few words : l'revious to
June, ls'50, no steps bad been taken to extinguish
tho Indian title to the Territory of Oresron. Con
gress hett authorized the appointment of a Com
mission ta treat with the triles west of the Cas
cades. Tha jation Act of cVpt. 7, lfo, fol
lowed this, nnd took C.1c.long before a "single
treaty hid been made. W Commission made
certain treaties at Champo?, lint sTe "c "n"
dians some of the best lands in the Willante I
J alley. The settlers protested, and the treaties
were never ratified. At this time, the Clirkitats
had conquered all the inferior tribes of the Wil
lamcte alley, and held a port of possessory right
as far south as the Calapooia mountains. They
were driven north of the Columbia, and no rec
ompense made them for the deprivation of the
rights which they hare acquired by conquest.
Tuev united with the Yakiun. who were equally
disaffected, and finally spread the war fueling
among the Sound Indians, the Caruses, and the
Walla-WaKas oil of whom were more or 1cm ap
prehensive of being overcome by the whites.
Lcschi, the Nisqually chief, made speeches
throughout tho country, among the various tribes,
and went as far south a Rogue River to gain ad
herents. He it was who invented the terrible sto
ry of PolmAj Hlikr. or the Land of Darknees a
fearful place, where he said the white tneu were
going to send all the Indians ; w here the jun nev
er shone, and where the mosquitos were so big
that a siuglc bite would kill the strongest man.
Tbe Clickitats, crossed tbe Cascade and con
certed with tbe Rnguo River, Kbasta end other
powerful tribes, a general plan of warfare, t'pon
this point Mr. Brow ne has obtained the indubita
bly testimony of the tribes referred to, and in the
Sresencc of numerous w itnesses. The great Chief,
ohn, nrt only acknowledged the combination,
but stated that when be had peace he scut emis
saries throughout the other tribes, telling them to
stop fighting, as be had determined himself to
fight no longer. -
The treaty of the 10th of September was the
first ever made in the Territory which was ratified.
I'p to the date of tbe late war, no steps taken had
ever bocu approved in the attempts to extinguish
the Indian title.' Under the Itonatioa Act. which
reserved no rights to the Indians as in the Pre
emption Act, ot 'it, which followed it, the lands
of the Indians wen occupied and takeTl" away
from them without recompense. It was an unu
sual and impolitic system on the part of Congress,
and to this may be" attributed all the difficulties
which have since arisen, and which have result
ed in an enormous debt.
Great injustice has been done tho people of Or
egon and Washington in the reports of tho mili
tary made through the War Department. What
ever misconduct there may have been in individ
ual cases, the great mass of the peoplo were driv
en to war for their self-protection ; and it is great
Iv to.be regretted that they were not sustained by
the chief ot military forces.
The war debt is a just debt, if ever there was
one ; the Commissioners have faithfully perform
ed tboir duty ; and it is to be hoped that the next
Congress by its prompt action will rectify the er
rors of public policy which have resulted so dis
astrously, aad make sach liberal appropriations
as may be necessary to liquidate a just debt, and
prevent a recurrence of the great evils which have
prostrated these remote Territories.
Horse Thief Cai-cht. Harrej Knox,
well known to most of our citizens as an ex
pressman -daring the Indian war of 1855-6,
tome time since stoic a valaablc mare (the
same celebrated in immortal verse by Juo.
Phoenix, Kq., as "Millard's tho'isand dol
lar marc") from Portland, :u this Territory,
took her to Oroville, Cat., and there sold
her. Tbe details of the capture are thus
given io the Stockton Republican, of Sept.
30tb: -
The owner pursued Lira, recovered the
mare, and tracked the thief to this city
the one having arrived here on Monday.and
his pursuer yesterday. Soon after the arri
val of the latter, lie discovered his tuan.aod
(-sued out a warrant for his arrest. William
Weeks, constable, arrested Knox about 10
o'clock last night, in Main street, and was
taking him to jail, when tbe prisoner took
advantage of the crowd passing, aud escap
ed from the officer. Tbe latter called to
persons near to arrest tbe fellow tbe fugi
tive joined in tbe cry, and there was a con
siderable confusion for a moment, nobody
knowing who tbe thief might be. Unfortu
nately for Kir. Knox, deputy sheriff Elbert
Weeks was standing on a neighboring cor
ner, and, as he knew him by sight, seized
him by tbe nape of the neck as be passed,
and brought him np "all atandiug Hat on
bis back. Kuox was then locked up to an
swer. ' Fatal Cascaltt. Mr. J as. K. Hard, of
this place, while engaged, in company with
others, in securing a wild Spanish steer
which bad made its escape from the laughter-house,
was attacked by . the animal a
short distance south of town, and thrown
with such violence to the ground as to cause
conenssion of the brain from the effects of
which he died in about two hours. Tbe steer
had been secured by a rope to a tree, and
while the back of Mr. II. was turned in an
other direction in couTersation, the Btccr
reared on his hind legs,' snapped the rope,
and made a plunge at the unfortunate man,
striking him with such force as to break tbe
collar bone, and otherwise injuring liitu as
ubcy tioXed. Qtymyin-Dtmocrat. ; ' . ; "y
OltEGON STATESMAN.
TUKSllAiNOVrBEKloTi8577
- the Ctartatn llcH.
Ia the last Occtdentut C. K. Pickett has
several letters, in w hich ho marks out tho
future course for pro-ta very men in Oregon.
We quote from those letters:
The constitution may he defeated, but whether
defeated or nut, frt then ht m tanvtntion of the rro
sfoesrmtes eWes5 some time slnrsnw uta esNiia trinfrr,
rsf'iM mat Sat it mrranizmtien cm ie d-
ftrte4,mwdmliimf policjfmden,tJmtttxUranr to
larsjMrrjr fassoiawrs pomr ta On go: Or if not
IkU.it tiU ot oou $Hrreadtr tttrmtMlng (at lkekand$
of the himdt rsjmMnr, which will be far better
tnan to ne uoping and struggling on a few years
iviici Buia wis power, .
In Mother Icticr he says:
v Mentha pro-slavery party In Oregon can yet
bring about, even If defeated on 9th ofNovember,
provided they frt up m srjMrats organization. Hick
ttoorla together, moke nominotioni of mom from the
lotrrhtto Ike highest oSutt onlv of those who come
out boldly and uncompromisingly in favor of their
creed, and vote for them in all cases, rren tehert
bm to doing it ontmrtt tho ekttion of o Hock remmh-
Ixcom for better one of these oneu enimies shall
sucei-cd than a falsehearted, professins', treacher
ous friend. This is the true and only way to suc
ceed
Wby not counsel them to vote dirtctly
tcilk and for black republicans, as be does
in California? It would amoout to tbe
same thing in the end- the support and
election of black republicans. - According
to Pickett's advice It would have been better
for tbe pro-slavery men in Pennsylvania,
Illinois, Indians, New Jersey aud Califor
nia to have voted for a separate candidate
in l85G,and let Fremont been elected. lie
wonlJ rather ' have black republican Fre-
uibnt than free state Buchanau. lie-would
rather black republicans were senators, in
stead of such men as Douglas, Bright, Ac,
and he rejoiced at the displacement in New
York of free State Dickinson by abolition
Seward. And be would sooner see black
republicans go to the U. S. Senate from Or
egon thau sound, constitutional democrats,
who thought slavery impracticable in this
State, and voted against it. Doubtless he
would, for a man who votes for black re
publicans very naturally desires to see that
stripo elected.
lint, while it makes very little difference
what Pickett says, his plan he has got from
the pro-tltrfrjf llat.k-repnllican factionists in
this Territory, such as Avery, Col. Ford
and others. He discloses their game, aud
raises the curtain upon their programme
aud expectations. That is what we hare
always said was the mission of these men,
and tbe Ox, under Avery's guidance to
effect a separate organization of pro-slavery
men to net against the democratic party,
rd iu coucert with black republicans. We
have no fears of the success of this plan, for
honest pro-slavery democrats can "ever be
thus made to serve the purposes ot Taction
ists claiming to bo democrats, of Avery's
kind, or black republicans of the Airgoose
kind. They will adhere as strongly as ever
to the Dtmucratic party and organization
under the State, and that party and organ
ization will be as victorious as ever, under
the State. Pro-slavery democrat will vote
for slavery, and if it carries tbey will be
pleased; if it does not tbey will be content.
But they will be no less JeMorratt than here
tofore. Bat tbe Avery factionists have
joined this movement ' ex;ecting to delude
and draw off honest democrats into a sepa
rate organization which shall be an ally of
black republicanism, or opposition of all
hues. Aud already liavo overtures been
made to regular black republicans by 60tne
of these men, and otic V. S. Senator prom
ised them, if they would join them, and give
them the other. - We want honest demo
crats who favor slavery in Oregon to read
this programme laid down by Pickett a
programme he lias got from the soft faction
ists in Oregon, who have tailed on to tho
pro-slavery movemeut for base and selfish
purposes. Forewarned yon are forearmed.
Bgk. If aoybody has reod Pickett's let
ters in Avery's Ox, they have noticed that
be is muttering about some professed pro
slavery men being nutrue to the cause, and
has threatened to give the names of two of
them after the election. The "two" he re
fers to, are judge Deady and Gen. Lane.
Before he came up here, he sent the judge a
package of his "philosophical" oration,
which be (tbe judge) dropped in some hole,
and never thought of again. When Pickett
came op here, the judge never praised the
oration, or iutimatcd that he even read it.
So be knew the judge was not "sound tin
the goose." We dou'l know bow the Geu
eral became unsound, but , we apprehend it
was in this way: that Pickett gave him one
of the "yaller covered" pamphlets, "with
tbe respects of the orator," and afterwards
found that the General had used it for shav
ing purposes, or other waste paper. And in
this most natural way Lane and Deady be
came unreliable on "the slavery question, and
Pickett warns the prolavery black republi
can to "keep their eyes skinned" for them.
He has probably discovered that they are
too good democrats to leave the democratic
party or to rote for black republican?, di
rectly or indirectly, according to the Pickett-Avery-Ox,-Standard-Airgoose-Oregonian
programme. Tbe pro-slavery democrats here
are all of that kind they belong to the
democratic party, and can't be persuaded to
leave it. There are only a few pro-slavery
black republicans, of Avery's ilk, that will
play your game.
(t&)Ve have thiB week stricken about
thirty names of- delinquent subscribers from
our books. Our printers, landlord, paper
manufacturer, &c, won't take promises for
pay, and we can't send the Statesman with
out pay. We intend hereafter to strike off
the names of all much in arrears, and to
keep thinning ont, as subscribers fall be
hind. We should have saved hundreds of
dollars if we had adopted that role in the
beginning..- .. .' '. ; :
We this week also scud a good many
bills to atorneya for collection. ,
A Valuable Prize. The California Ag
ricultural society offered a prize dress worth
Gfty dollars for the bent loaf of bread. . It
was awarded to Miss Annie Tan Yalken
bcrg, of Stockton, a l&ss of teb year. - ?
Titt Mail to Oreoos. One of onr subscri
bers in Oregon, complains of the irregularity of
the malls to that territory, and says that Uncle
Bam treats them very badly. Wo feel conSdent
that there are good grounda for titls) eomplainti
We have lost money enclosed to us, and letters
never reach their destination. It would be wall
for the Post Office Department to make an ex
amination into the Oregon mail arrangements.
AT. Y. Do Book.
' We think Uncle Sam has not the same
number of sons iu any other part of his do
main, who have so few, and such wretched
mail facilities as we Oregoulans have. Our
mail system taken as a whole, is very, near
nuisance, and we should rejoice exceeding'
ly to have the department send here a prac
tical, intelligent, agent "to make an examin
ation into the Oregoa mail arrangements."
Thnt is what we have never had.atid we know
it would result in an increase of facilities, and
the systematising in such manner as to give
some sort of certainty and efficiency to those
we have. ! Let the Day Book obtain this
examination for as, and it shall have the
"noisy thauks" of Oregon.
Much of the neglect and lack of facilities
we labor under, we are confident are attribu
table to the absence of proper effort on tbe
part of postal agents for the last three or
four years. Tbey say they hare no power,
asd rest upon that True they have not
tbe direct power to establish mail routes,
cfeaoge contracts, so as to make them ac
commodate tbe public, sc., but tbey have
power, if they Hne both tbe ability and in
dustry to "pen-write, "to recommend such im
provements; aad if needed facilities had been
Intelligently, earnestly and persistently re-
commenncd by postal agents, we have no
more doubt that they would have been
granted than we have of onr existence.
That is what postal agents are here for;
tho department presumes they understand
the wants of the country, that tbey will
recommend such wants, aud it expects them
to do it. And it is idle to say those re
commendations are 'atcwy unheeded. We
think we know better. To simply forward
a petition from some neighborhood, with . a
matter of form endorsement, without know
ing or caring anything about the case,' is
not what is wanted. The agent first re
quires an intelligent understanding of our
postal affairs himself, and then he can repre
sent them to the department in such man
ner as to make them understand them.
Until that is doue, it is useless to expect
postal improvements. Tbe sending of peti
tions from this aud that neighborhood, does
no good, for. tbe department, presuming
that the postal agent will make all uecessa
ry recommendations, cannot pay attentiou
to the petitions of persons tbey know noth
ing about. And tbey are right in so do
ing. For it Is the postal agent's business
to attend to such duties, and tbey presume
he rioC? attend to them, and that the peti
tioned for factluic? sro not neccfsary or the
ageut would urge them, in this way we
believe postal agents have in some jnstauC
obstructed and prevented increase of facili
ties. We believe we know of petitions for
routes which would hare been granted bad
there been no postal agent in tbe Territory.
As it was, they were nnhccdcQ, of course.
And we think we know of postmasters, who
would hare been removed (and w ho confess
edly ought to have been) upou petition, ex
cept for the presence of a postal agent, who
was relied upon to make sach requests, and
who never did it. And, ia all earnestness
we say to the Postmaster General, if postal
agents are to have no authority here,, and
are to make no recommendations, then abol
ish the office at once, and let as have the
amount of the salary and traveling expen
ses applied to the carrying of a mail over
some new route.
It is net agreeable to as to refer to this
subject in this tone; and if our duty to . a
long suffering public would permit longer
silence we would be silent. But it will not.
Oar mail irregularities, uncertainties, even
where mails are pretended to be carried,
and the great want of increase of facilities,
have been for years a sore evil. We be
lievo postal agents have not performed their
duty in informing themselves of the wants
of the country, and In acquainting the de
partment therewith, and urgently praying
that they be supplied. We believe an am
ple remedy lies with the incumbent of that
oRice.and we are coustratned to there charge
tbe blame. If it does not rightfully belong
there, let the public know it, and let them
place it where it does belong. But first, let
tbe department have, through a postal
agent, intelligent and intelligible recommen
dations, supported by earnest and oft-repeated
requests of that officer. Tilt,those have
been furnished (and we believe they never
have) we have no right to complaiu of the
department at Washington.
Another California. William Arc-
good, lately from California, was convicted
in Benton county of horsestealing, and sen
tenced to five years confinement in the pen
itentiary. California is likely to be to Or
egon what Sydney was to that State.
We understand tbe penitentiary is now
full, aud that some of tbe stone cells (there
are bnt six) have two prisoners in each of
them. The superintendent and keeper have
built a number of temporary, wooden cells
which are also filled. These cells are said
to be very insecure. ' Unless there is every
reason to hope for an early . appropriation
from Congress to complete that institution,
the Territorial Assembly to meet in Decem
ber, had better make some provisions for
constructing more cells in the penitentiary.
Although a portion of the appropriation we
have had was shamefully squandered, we
never had half enough to build a penitenti
ary: and Congress ought to give as an ad
ditional appropriation cf not less than $50,
000 for that purpose.
fs9 Wc see it is announced that the U.
S. Marshal for Minnesota has ; instructions
to take the census of that State as soon as
it is admitted. ' - Cant like Instructions be
obtained for Oregon?. ; .'"..V,,, , .'. ; . s
: IIavk You Sunt Them? Have you sent
its tho returns of the election? if not, do so
forthwith,
A LMi Gall.
The Olympia Pioneer Demesrtt
"drums np" its delinquent palrons ill the
following stylet . ' r " ff:
The call is general, tho wants are great, and
oar debtors must nromutlr comeup to the scratch.
We are out of mo lie r : out of credit ; ont at the el
bows, and out at the heel i in debt, and in want:
and th Lord only knows how soon wo shall be
fa the penitentiary. Thanks to an overruling
Providence, we have no families to share .with us
these our afflictions, otherwise onr fate would in
deed be a sad one. If we have not depicted
pieture of despair, which will move your iron
hearts to srmnathv and fetch out thefta. we shall
be compelled to give you over o tha i !, for there
yon wm Be eoneumea, every mother s son ot yon.
unbtss ye repent foo np for who among you
will bo able to show your receipts at tho areatday
of accountability, that yon have paid your honest
debts T Scarcely any. We shall be there with onr
books, and anless we are much mistaken, your
cases will be hard ones you will be gone coons
Therefore repent While it Lsyettime. V
xjaiieriy we uare ueen sending out unia.
In a few instances parties receiving them
have taken offence, and io two have paid
np and ordered their paper discontinued in
cot sequence. Wo have no complaint to
make of this, but can't for the life of us see
why any man should object to receiving a
bill of indebtedness. If we owe a man, we
desire him to give as 'a bill of the same,
that we may know what tbe amount is, and
pay it. , Certainly there is no dishonor at
taching to tbe reception of a "dunning let
ter," and no man who desires to pay his
debts, ought to take exceptions to the send
ing of one. It is a necessary transaction,
and one all men who do busiuess . must re
sort to, especially, the business of publish
ing a newspaper. ' Oar dries are scattered
in small sums all over Washington and Ore
gon, and to a limited extent, through Cali
fornia, aud tbe Atlantic States. Let some
farmer who has thonght it hard that we
should send him a bill, fancy that he was
selling annually a couple of thousand bush
els of wheat, a bushel or two to a man all
over these two Territories, . and a great
share of it was sold oa credit; would he not
be likely to send out "duns," and send them
too, indiscriminately, to all indebted? If
be did not, be would soon be compelled to
"dry up" wheat raising. ; There is no way
bnt to send bills, and in doiug 60, we can't
discriminate we must take all the names as
they occur ou our books. '.',..,
In a few instances we hare sent bills
where payment bad been made at tbe office
or to agents, and proper credit not given.
But, on being duly in formed, we will
promptly give credit in all such cases. And
we shall eudeavor to exercise more, care,
aud prevent their recurrence hereafter.
Col. Wathins, a republican delegate to the con
stitutional convention from Josephine, declared
he did not want better republicans than FREE
STATE DEMOCRATS made. A tero't Or
This Ox man "runs heavy" on titles. He
has nothing less than a " Col." Apnlegate.
was ' Col.," aud anybody can be an Ox
" Col.," if he will oppose the democratic
party. Gardner dubbed Avery "Col," and
if the Ox has occasion to speak of Keizer,
he will not be below a " Lieut. General."
This " CoI.")Vs.tkins is a rery clever fellow,
personally, but a bitter, malignant Intf'-f of
anything democratic. lie rejoiced to see
Avery'a Ox maintain that a man was a black
republican who did not vote for slavery in
Oregon, because he hoped it might rupture
tbe democratic party inOreonIn , tills .
respect he is doomed to disappointment -the
Ox neither persuades or frightens any
one.' Co. Watkins would have, and doubt
less did declare, that he wanted no better
black republican sheet than the Ox, for he
knew that if it could carry ttny weight it
would help bis party. Cel. Watkins also is
tbe man who made the speech against tbe
constitution because it excluded free negroes.
He is proper authority for either of Avery's
organs."-' ; " '
' A prominent democrat, of JcscpLine Co,
speaking of his election, last June, thus des-.
cribes the Ox's last " Col.:'!1 ;
Now for a brief review of what Watkins has
been the last four years. lie was opposed to
the election of Tierce, and down on his adminis
tration soul and body. lie supported Skinner in
opposition to Lane in 1853, and supported Gaines
against Lane in 1855 1 waa a strong Fremont
man in 1856, and said, "I would rather sea the
Union divided than see Buchanan elected Presi
dent." In May, 1856, he was chairman of an op
position meeting that drew up resolutions censur
ing tbe democratic party. Gov. Curry, and the of
ficers of the late Indian war generally. And now
in 1857, where it suited his purposes, he called
himself a "Jeffersonlan democrat." Two years
ago he supported the knownothing ticket, teeth
and toe-nails; I cannot say he actually saw Sam
yet ho was willing to, and heartily wished all for
eigners in their ow n native country, or in that
other nlace where the temperature is "reether
warm for comfort. verij sobers if fas high sheriff
of hell urns to get np a porig tn oppoouwn wtte arm
ocrutit party, H'atkino DotUdfottous in kistroin.
Cornered With a Falsehood.- Tbe Ox
man asserted that he was not a candidate
for printer to the convention. ,Wo pinned
it to him, statiug that he told a sou them
member of the convention that he was a
candidate,and that he should be a candidate
this winter for Territorial printer;' (he'll
probably be gone before that .time,) and if
he had denied that, we should have written
to the said member and got the proof; that
was bringing the falsehood close home, and
the Ox 'drops' that subject, and replies with a
column or more of Avery's malicious lies,
(Qr., is it necessary to say lies, after Avery
is given as authority?) respecting the editor
of the Statesman. In tbe -" woman" part,
Avery can almost be seen to rob his nasal
protuberance, and bis pathetic, trembling,
half crying voice can almost be heard. '
n V. Pickett haa rone an to Oregon to advo 1
cate the introduction of slavery into the State.
His efforts for the institution will probably do
much toward bringing about tne opposite result
Such has generally been tho result of his exer
tions in thia Stat. Sc Union. -
His influence was on the back-action prin
ciple, most decidedly np here Some intel
ligent pro-slavists discovered that; and were
anxious to have him take tbe opposite side.
And, he could only get his demented effu
sions published in an obscure boownothing
pro-slavery black republican sheet, without
either-character, "brains or cultivation."
There is a suspicion pp thia:way that there
are several "screws loose" in Pickett's men
tal, machinery. " Is anything of that kind
imagined in California?! ' . . ! " -
i tST Sacramento county, California, is in
debt more than a million dollars. She ought
to have been nnder the restriction placed in
: our constitutu '' "''; ' ' '
wows Partisan OppwIUm anal IritlcI
Abwlltlonlojm. ' '
The Salem Christian Advocate professes
to be a neutral paper in politics, white in
fact it is an insidnons snake-in-tbe-grass,
fclack-republican, abolition sheet. There is
hard! a number of that paper that does not
contain more or less political and partisan
matter, and it is invariably directed against
democratic men, and measures. In the
last issue of the Advocate we find a long
article headed, in bold face, "A merited re
buke Refusal to pay Gov. Walker's (of
Kansas) liquor bill." And then follows an
old exploded slandef npofi i CFof ? Robert J
Walker, which lias' traveled the rouods of
tbe black republican press, and finally tery
naturally drained off into the Advocate.
The N, Journal of Commerce, a neutral
paper, whose leading editor is a religions
man) speaks of this very slander which the
Advocate heralds with such gusto, as fol
lows
CAMM!r. When tha black republican press
could find nothing else to say against the present
Governor of Kansas, Hon. Robert J. Walker, it
insinuated pretty broadly that he was a drunkard,
ana mat many ot Bis acta which those journals
disapprove, mirht be attributed to intemperance.
I appears almost a libel npon the Governor to at
tempt to eoniraaict such a charge; but less any
body might be led to believe it, we affirm on what
we know, to be good authority, that since Govern
or Walker's arrival in the - Territory, he has not
drank anything stronger than lirlit claret, - and
that, since tbe limited supply of that beverage
wiuca ne iook witn mm was exhausted, be has
drank nothing bnt water, tea and coffee. It is
always the sign of a weak cause when one of the
disputants resorts to personalities and falsehood
to sustain his argument. The Governor is far too
strong for the black republicans, and his peaceful
solution of tbe Kansas difficulty will be their ruin.
Ttiey are dawbtlc veiy much crim-edtha Ms
official conduct has been so thoroughly temperate
and proof against reproach, and would willingly
hurt him somewhere. .
This Advocate is forced npon democrats
as a moral and religious paper, neutral in
polities, and democratic funds support ' it,
while it is an insidnons foe of the democratic
party.' "The editor pleads, that he is com
pelled to publish a "sound free soil paper,
to please the directors io the States." - If
that is the ease, tbey had better take it
home. 1 And if they want ay .paper for tbe
latitude of Oregon, . put somebody else in
charge of it. ,:. . . .. :. . . .
' Breaking Ocr The horse-thief Mr.
White brought in from the Canyon, endeav
ored to make bis escape from , our jail one
day last week. That institution is a log
one, two stories, with a heavy trap-door
opening through tbe floor, and furnishing
the only communication between tbe stories.
Tbe prisoner is kept below, while tbe keep-
er sleeps above. , Tbe trap door . had been
left open on tbe day referred to, and tbe
ladder drawn np. It being ten or twelve
feet between floors, it was not thought tbe
horse taking gent, could get op. Ia the
evening, when the keeper went to tbe jail
with bis prisoner's snpper, instead of put
ting down the ladder and taking it below,
as usual, be called for Lim before descend
ing. Not getting any answer, be locked the
door, and went for tbe sheriff, who came
aud found him snugly ensconced undertbe
mat trass. He had jumped up and caught
on the floor above, and crawling through
the trap door, bidden under tbe mat trass.
He said be expectedwhen the keeper came
with his supper he would take it below, as
U. alu
the ladder shut dowa the trap-door, (too
heavy a one to have ever been raised from
below) and make bis escape. He had it
nicely arranged, but "slipped np" In tbe ex
ecution. . . . ."
"The Paktt Statts." We invite atten
tion to the article we copy from the Fort
land Times nnder tb j above head. Tbe ed
itor is correct when he says "under the hy
pocritical guise of disaffected democrats, onr
opponeuts have heretofore found themselves
the most unscrupulous and the most potent
for evil." They have been, and are the
worst foes the democracy have to encounter.
The editor of tbe Times has recently come
to Oregon from the Atlantic States. He is
a democrat, and his article shows how par
ties aud politicians in Oregon strike him.
It is precisely the conclusion any honest
democrat would arrive at.
We shall next week publish an article
from the Times on the subject of tbe basis
of representation in Democratic Conven
tions.. - ':- - :-
There was once a venerable old ladv bv the
name of Hooker, who was pious. On beinr re
quested to express her mind at a class meeting,
she said : "My bretheren and sisters, I have
joined the Baptist, the Methodist, and was bro't
up a Uongregationaust, and nave tried to live np
to them ail, and if I don't escape the wrath: to
come, it will not be for want of exertions on my
part." If. r. Hews. '
We have a few democratic politicians in
Oregon who belong to old Mother Hooker's
school. They have been trying to ride the
democratic and opposition nags at tbe same
time.and the exercise has very much strained
them. They had better, straddle one! or
the other before tbey fall between. The
present state of parties in Oregon, in com
mon with the United States, exhibits a poor
field for Mr. Facing-both-ways Such kind
of "exertions" won't save yoa from "the
wrath to-come." ' '': ' r' . '' '
There ia a great demand in Oregon for labor of
all kinds. California JPoper. , . .
That is true. There is a very pressing
demand for labor here, mechanical, farm,
and common- And labor here commands a
higher price, and meets a surer reward than
in any other part of the. world, California
not excepted. And thousands of working
men are wanted here.! Here is one place
where labor commands and controls capital,
most completely. . Oregon offers unequalled
inducements to mechanics and. working-men
of every description. , Cant. the Atlantic
side famish as n few thousands? -
PbobXblt Trceu- An informant of the
Sacramento Union, who bad been traveling
in Oregon, says: . ' -
Our informant declares that he found it impos
sible to get Oregon ham at tbe hotels -thoso for
sale had been shipped to California. Apples, too,
sold higher in. Portland than in San, Francisco.
The Enterprise was at our landing
on Wednesday.- There is plentj-8 of water
now, and she will at once ' enterj upon her
regular trips. We do not know what other
boats we are to have this winter.' ?!i
BB ljMaMiMaans,
6ut who. We ask, U this t-r,tOT of the States
man.who assumes so mighty an importance in tbe
ranks of the democratic party, ni iu chief organ
and captain general! A few years ago he was
an abolitionist, in an abolition district f Massa-chusetts.officistijjg-
as secretary at abolition uteet-ings.-drrj'
te.
j Tbe best reply we can make to thf; above
lie (and it is as true as any statement con
tained in tbe column of lies from which it is
quoted) is to copy an cxtraclfrom tbe Spring
field (Massachusetts) Republican, ajalack
repuLfican paper puofisncd in the same coun
ty in which a paper formerly conducted, by
us was published. The RepuWieau' h still
conducted, by the, same. gentleman thai. ij
was at that time.. In an article on Ojf p01
affairs it saver - - ' r ! -! . :- jC. L "
The Oretron Statesman jjt i. k.&, tts'1'
late of the Westfield, Mass., RtandardjNrIl!?
-i r.L i . i ;i t
tae dtmoeroaf ever boa tied in thio font-, h L Wijnw
tbe pro-slavery iHrovemeirMfrnoTint-inir thn..
Territory, declaring that "it has betTv ,. '-
ment ot tne peopie,S.c. . , -. 7 . : . . A
The "district" ire were in iu Massachusetts'
was two to one bard democratic. It would
amuse our acquaintances in New England,
to hear it said that we ever had the smell
of free soilism on our garments there. ' t
Judge Douglas and (Jen. Cass were Xew
Euglanders, and Frank Piercew a New
Englander.. Yet we believe none of them
are very freesoilieb, though we believe this
half organ of tbe Oregon Llack republicans,
(Avery's Ox)styles them black republicans,
as they do not favor slavery in Illinois,
Michigan and New Hampshire, o ' i
Post Office AproixTWESTa Chmr.fs II.
Stirrer tras-hrrra appointed Postmaster at: White '
Stone, Queens rrinntj. Trr jffiwn of AiiunifTU 11
Kissam, removed. 'This is a pood appointment,
and the change will be eminently satisfactory to
the people in that vicinity. i :
This Mr. Kissam is one of those official gentle
men with Black " Kepubliean" proclivities, whom
we have been pointing eat of lata as necessary
subjects for the " weeding" process. Not long
since he let off a " shriek for freedom" tlironph
the Tribune (there being in his opinion no" Dem-"
ocratic paper in this city through which he could
enlighten the public, proclaiming his steadfast
ness to the Democratic faith!! and at the same
time expressing a very poor opinion ef modern
Democracy, and especially of the Democratic par
ty of this city. JV., 1". Aews. - t "I
We bare some of that kind of "demo
crats" in Oregon. Tbey are "Jeffersoeiao -democrats."
Ob yes! but they are not "Or-
egm democrats." Acd we hate a few post
masters here, too, fit subjects for Mr. Post
master general Brown's "weeding" process.
That gentleman has been doing some good
work in that line, and we respectfully re-
hquest bim to extend his operations to Ore
gon. We are strongly inclined to complain
of our present postal agent, for not long ago .
making, presentment cf these cases.. If it
is the duty of a democrat out of office to pe
tition for removal of opposition postmasters,
it is quite as ranch the doty of one in office.
MSf Tbe Saleof Advocate don't know
that the forty-two signers of tbe Connecti
cut letter to President Buchanan were cler
gymen. .There are a great many ' things
that paper don't knew, and many it bad
rather not know. Tbey migbf not all have
been clergymen, bnt nearly all were. The
papers all speak of tbcm as "the Connecti-
t-nt clergymen," and Mr. Cachanaa named
the first five at the close of bis reply, and
be styles four of the five "lie v." and "D.
D." both. Conservative, patriotic christian
jn en rejoice at the wholesome castigation
and 'rebuke given . these meaa.ers,"Tjat an
English abolitionist cannot be expected to.
A very interesting? work entitled A Plea for .
the Indians"' and embracing a sketch of tha late
Indian war iu Oregon, haa bees published by Jno.
Ueeson. W e are convinced taat it is tbe aury of '
tbe Government to adopt a truly paternal course
toward tho Indians,--and do all that can ba done
to save this race from the destruction which seems
impending over them with tbe exception of the
favored tribes of tbe Reservation. -"-A". Y. etts.
The work is -doubtless "interesting"
if veaknrss possesses interest. .The poor
old man starts oif with the story that he
fled from Southern Oregon to escape bodily
harm, while tbe fact is he was in no more
danger there than a sheep would have been.
Though we think it not unlikely the old man
was apprehensive of danger. -
. -. . t
VW Walton, tbe "Old California"' eorrespodent
of the Alta, has been sent up for "reporting"
Trevett & Co's funds, after night. He is oppo
sed to the adoption of tho constitution, because,
he says, it ties up the liberties of the people."
Wo wonder if he don't think oar present statutes
against burglary a little binding, tool -limes.
-Walton has been lodged in tbe peniten
tiary, Multnomah Cb. having no jail, x We
suppose ba will keep np his correspondence
for the Oregouiau. If the constitution is
adopted in spite of his and Dryer's opposi
tion, he can write a scries of articles on pa
per currency. The subject of banking would
naturally lead bim to a disquisition on
vaults, also. ; v - -
Gideon J. Tucker, has been nomi
nated by the democracy of N. Y. for the
important office of Secretary of State. Al
though a youug man, as editor of i the Al
bany Argus and X. Y. News, he exhibited
a high" order of talent, united with honest
boldness, and most unswerving- fidelity to
tbe principles of the democratic party. He
was a Hard, duricg tbe old division iu Npw
York, and the hardest of the Hards. His
nomination is a tribute to worth, integrity
and talent. - . '
Ox the Highway. A judge Ewbaak
who had been ia Eugene City, Thursday
week,collecUag, left that place jnst at night,,
with three hundred and ninety dollars; when.?
about half & mile out of tbe town he was
arrested by two men disgnised, gagged, and. .
the money taken from bim; after which he-;
was permitted to proceed. At last dates',
no clue bad been obtained of -tbe robbers.
' CoxncTED. Enock Fruit was. conVicted .
at the Polk county court, and sentenced to
five years in the penitentiary. a "He has the
reputation of being a bad, and desperate
character, and the" penitentiary keeper had t
better give Lira one of those stone.. Mate
rooms, and close nanage. l' ;. . '' '
la. Hodel Organization. Among the names
of "American" Clubs recently assembled in the -bloody
City of Baltimore were tha fallowing :
Black Snakes, little Fellows, Bough Cskia;
TWen, ' - Stay Latea, , , Plug UglieB.
Gladiators,,' Hard Times, ; . Blood Tabs...
Dips,? x j. . .Haulers, . i. . .. tup Japs-i i
Appropriate names for a party whose hisV
tory is Lladk with perjury, and written in, r
blood. ; 'tVrSLC'l-'L
i
SB"" I
A.