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DEVOTED TO THE POLITICAL AND GENERAL INTERESTS OF THE PEOPLE
VOL. I.
EUGENE CITY, OREGON, OCTOBER 18, 1802.
NO. 40.
J1 al
THE STATE REl'l'BLICAX
Published every Saturday by
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Spirit of tho Tacitic Press.
Tho following remarks from tho leading edito
rial article i tho Portland Daily Times, of tho
1 1th inst.. we commend to our rcrders as the
most sensible comments we have yet seen on tho
President's emancipation proclamation :
Since the promulgation of tho President's
mancipation policy we have watched, with no
little anxiety, for an expression of opinion thereon
by tho Union press of tho Pacific coast, well
knowing that in most cases these journals indi
cate public sentiment in their several localities.
We are gratified to seo so far as our observa
tions have extended that there seems to be an
Imoa V'itod sentiment in favor of sustaining
theA. x stration in any policy, consistent with
our lloptt 1can form of Government and the
Mowers delegated by tho Constitution, provided
it will aid in tho overthrow of tho Southern re
bellion. It deems to be a generally conceded
fact that we have temporiz d too long already ;
lhat our Government has wasted much of its
strength and power in its vain efforts to conquer
tho rebels, while th ' institution of slavery the
rery origin and foundation of all our great troub
les, and now tho life and support ot their cause
was to bo so sacredly guarded and protected.
Iictbre the commencement of tho war, not one
out often of the people of tho North would have
given their assent to the policy of emancipation,
nor would they do so now, were it not that ex
perience has taught thorn, the severe lesson that
slavery and the Union cannot both bo saved
that either one or tho other must perish. To
cUjoso between tow evils is now their only hopo.
Thoso who have stood by us in the darkest hours
of our adversity will not forsake us now, even
though compelled to swallow a bitter pill. The
nation is writhing under a malignant fever and
requires tho most potent ot remedies. Let it
lie given quickly, and if the overloaded stomach
of the patient shall happen to disgorge " Cufl'oo "
among other billious discharges, it can't be
lielped ; desperate cases often require desperate
remedies.
SJES. PlIELPS ASD TUB CoXTKABAND. A gOll-
tleman up town, who, the other day, missed his
u boy," learned that tho lad was at Gtrrollton.
He at once repaired to the headquarters of Gen.
Phelps, and stated his case that ho was in search
of a runaway negro. "You have lost a man,
have you 1" observed the General, inquiringly
and dryly. " Yes, sir," responded the other.
" Verry well," said the General, " tho negroes
are over yonder ; if your boy is there he can go
with you, if he wishes." The gentleman asked
further, that a guido might bo sent with him, as
he did not know tho road and paths. " Certainly,"
aid the General " Orderly, call Major Scott."
Presently the Major mado his appearance, and
the General instructed him to conduct the gen
tleman to the negro camp, and assist him in find
ing his " boy," and to say to the " boy " that he
had his (the General's) permission to return
with his master. Thereupon the Major spoke :
11 General, I am th boy tho gentleman is in
search of. I do not want to return." " This is
all I can do," observed the General. TI19 droll
part of this incident is, that the General was ig
norant of the fact that the gentleman was Scott's
piaster. The " Major " has hitherto been known
in darkey circles as a great orotor ; ho is now
known as M Major Scott, of the Black Guards."
Queer things have come out ot Secession. A'. 0.
Delta.
A young Vermontcr, who owned a pet black
bear, was bantered recently by a couple of young
sportsmen from Boston, who had gone up the
wilds of tho Green Mountain State for a hunt, to
let them try their dogs (three rather powerful
ereaturs) upon his pet (tho bear) to be kept
chained to a post by a chain about twelve feet
long. The Vermont boy, unable to resist the
Appeal of five new and bright half dollars, and
having faith in his pet, agreed to the trial. The
result was three dead dogs, two mortified
Ilostoniaus one triumphant bear and a jubilant
Vermont juvenile.
-
A man with glass eye canuut rcal-cycs any
tiling.
AGIIICXLTI KAL COLLEGE.
II1011 School, Eugene City, )
Okeqok, October 1802. J
Hon. A. C. Gwds, Sir: By your InaugurM
Address-i 1 which you tinnouiipcthe splendid dona
tion o( 90,000 acres of land for tho establishment t
one or more agricultural colleges, and in which
you evince a deep interest in tho all important
subject of education, you aroused the hopes
and aspirations ot our educators at tho near pros
pect of an enterprise fraught with future good to
this youthful State. I therefore need no apol
ogy for troubling your Excellency with thi
letter, nor will I apologize for tho incompleteness
of my remarks 011 tho grouds of other absorbing
occupations, being mindful of Dr. Johnson s ai
swer to Mrs. Macauly when sho ascribed the
errors in her History of England to her having
too many irons in tho fire. " Then madam, put
your history where your irons are."
I intend not at present to discuss the plan of
study which ought to do adopted, the number of
professors to bo appointed, tho rate of foes to be
charged, or any other of tho multitudinous ques
tions of detail which will form tho subjects of
future- communications, and which must receive
tho anxious attention of thoso in whoso hands
will bo placed tho solemn responsibility of
launching this new college. I propose simply
to treat of this yet unborn institution in relation
to extending educational agencies, and inquire
how these may gain most and escape injury from
its influence. Nor is this a frivolous or unim-
portant topic. With all admiration of voluntary
zeal and energy I feel keenly that in tho action
of what is sometimes called tho voluntary sys
tern there is an enormous waste of benevolent
intentions of liberal expenditures, and cduca
tional means. Much of what is boasted as the
diffusion of education is but making tho stream
run in a greater number of channels, with a sad
loss of depth and forco in each. It seems some
times to be supposed that by pouring water from
vessel to vessel tho quantity of liquid is increased,
and new wells are sunk which drain the old sur-
roundiug wells more or less completely ; and
tho number of wells is made the evidence of the
abundant supply of tho puro clement. Schools
aro multiplied, or rather school houses (for walls
floor and roof do not constitute a school, even
desks and benches to boot). Pupils are pushed
by modes of pressure ignorantly diversified
iuto the new reservoirs, and statists triumph in
the march of intellect and the efficiency of the
oluntary principle.
A nearer insight might show that, perhaps in
stead of ono good school there are several rickety
and inefficient ; instead of ono well-paid master,
there are several under-paid, and not over qual-
ficd ; that tho whole process is to pupils one not
of multiplication but division ; and as to efficien
cy not of addition but subtraction. Thus the
zeal of one sect raises schools in which teaching
cheap and yet perhaps dear at the price; the
zeal of another not to be out done, much to the
benefit of carpenters, builds a rival temple and
out bids its prototype. Dozens of schools pro
viously existing give up their respective quota
of pupils to swell the new roll call, and to stim
ulate at periodical meetings the flagging iuthusi
asm of subscribers. It is timo that all men were
mado to see that to diffuse education among
thoso who previously had it not, is a widely dif
erent thing from directing into this or that chan
nel the education of those already being taught ;
and that the multiplication of school houses is
not exactly the same thing as the diffusion of
knowledge the advneement of education or
the improvement of the teacher's character and
social position.
Well, then, 1 am anxious that the means of
education presently existing should be strength
ened, not impaired by this promised and
promising agency the Agricultural Col
lege and I trust that had I no personal interest
in the subject I should feel as deeply as now its
great importance. Practically the great question
is this: Is the new institution to give the
means and tho motive for carrying onward the
instruction of our youth to a point far beyond
what is attained or attainable in our present
schools, beyond what has hitherto been thought
even desirable by many ; or is it to sink, as
others have done, into a mere rival school com
peting powerfully with existing establishment"),
by admitting pupils of all ages and stages of ad
vancement, by force of large funds, by the
prestige of patronage, and a public name 1 I
cannot doubt that by tho intelligent portion of
the public it is wished and hoped, and expected
to achieve something higher and greater than has
yet been attempted or at least achieved.
It is very desirable to raiso tho standard of
knowledge by inducing a longer period of sub
jection to the influences of instruction in prepara
tory schools ; and not to provide for the young
in one certain place ot an instruction no more
Advance J than lhat given before in many places.
The improvement of the quality of instruction
up to the usual point is, doubtless, an important
object; but surely it should be the carrying
forward ot instruction bevond that point lhat
- should be the owect ol tho new coil-ire
j With the example of other .v-calkJ college ,
before us, there is no small reason to fear that
this excellent intention may be rendered void ;
or at all events, there is reason that caro should
bo taken to prevent degeneracy and failure on
this point.
..Ask any earnest teacher, desirous not merely
to receive his fees but to train up intelligent and
well-informed youths, what is his chief grievance
and hindrance ; he will surely answer, " the pre
mature remomval of my pupils from school."
No sooner dp they reach tho point whero their
studies becomo interesting to thorn when their
previous labors aro beginning to bear fruit
when they seo the bearing and tho uso of much
that, in tho earlier stage, seemed dry and of ques
tionable advantage when they begin to lovo
knowlodgo with disinterested and fervent love
and when it is a pleasure to teach them not less
than for them to learn then, like tho wafarers
on Mirza's bridge, a trap door opens, and they
fall through into tho swift current of business
cares and business duties. The scaffolding so
painfully and elaborately reared is suddenly
thrown down, before the building is much more
than begun, certainly long before it approaches
its completion. When I think of this anomaly,
I am forcibly reminded of tho famous recipe for
dressing cucumbers in Disriaeli's " Vivian
Gray " " You must be careful," said Mr. Beck
endorfi", " to pick out tho straightest, thinnest
skinned, most seedless cucumber that you can
find. Six hours before you want to eat it, put
the stalk in cold water, on a marble slab not
tho whole oucumber, that's nonsense. Then
paro it very carefully, so as to .take off all the
green outside, and no more. Slice it as thin as
possible, spread it over your dish, and spriuklc
it with a good deal of white pepper, red pepper,
salt, and mustard seed. Mix some oil aud com
mon vinegar with a little Chili and drain it on
thorn. Open a largo window, very wide, and
throw it all out." But lo quit illustration for
sad reality. Tho evil is great, and increasing
with the pressuro of the times, and the onward
rush of competition. When business is brisk,
there is a demand for youths and they must leave
school ; if business bo dull it is cxponsivo and
inconvenient to keep thorn at school. W"heiico
comes this usago 1 Trace tho evil to its root
and wo shall find that it arises from tho preva
lent low estimate of tho subject and naturo of
education. On almost all hands it is viewed
simply and solely as a preparation for what is
called euphoniously tho duties of lifo ; that is
this or that round of professional routine.
Rightly judged, no higher end can bo assigned
to education than a praparation for the duties of
life, but the.se duties involve much beyond and
above tho bread-winning efficiency of the shop
or of the mart. It is not, however, in tho great
circle of human obligation, but in Ihc narrow
circle of tho handicraft, tho headeraft, or tho
trade, that tho youth is at school to bo qualified
to move. J. he raw material of humanity must
be worked up into fitness for office use : all tend
ency and faculty not distinctly bearing on this
is ignored as nonexisling, it may be, depreciated
as supcrllous, or even unsafe. Tho result is,
that w here a so-called profession is not tho des
iny pre-ordained (and even there the principle
is not less involved) tho business of teaching is
sadly marred of its fair proportions. The do
sired attainment and fitness being small, it fol
lows that at an early ago it may bo expected to
be reached. Education, to bo valued rightly,
must be possessed, and parents who are uueduca
ted or half educated themselves, even if they do
not fall into tho most uncommon error ot sup
posing that what they have managed to do
wiltiout cannot be indispensable to their children;
even if they desire, as 1 know full well that the
majority of parents do, that their children should
have advantages which early fortune denied to
them are almost necessitated to fix a low limit
to their aspirations, and to bo content with a
slender modicum of attainment. Nay, they are
apt to look with some distrust and jealousy on
literary and scientific tastes as likely to interfere
with strict attention to business. "All that
thing," say they, " is very well ; books aro well
enough in their place, but no book is so good as
the day-book unless it bo the ledger." A youth
must not, therefore, be allowed to dwell so long
on such pursuits as to endanger his "settling
down " to the position of a business man. And
yet, surely we ought not, at this timo of the
world s history, to need to lcaru that tho tner-
canlile, mechanical aud agricultural lifo is not
ncompatiblo with very high attainments, the
most reliacd taste, and with a well furnished and
accomplished mind. Oil ! that man were every
where and always regarded more a the man and
less as tho merchant and manufacturer ; more
as the man thinking, feeling and living, than as
the man hammering, or weaving, chaffering and
earning the means to live ! Such, however, be
ing the stilt prevailing feeling or our place ani
time, the teacher must make head egaint it as
best he may. Much that is now permitted or
connived at in a school course is thus rendered
objectless and inoperative. Tho teacher has 110
inducement to hold out to his young ehargo to
master certain kinds of learning. Of reading,
writing, and account, they see clearly tho use
and purpose, but of much beside, the value is to
them a vague tradition. There is no future on
which to fix their thoughts, no arena wnere they
shall hereafter try tho strength they aro now
gaining, there is no current of general feeling j
"i ambition lo sweep away iuJiviJiul ol.jeUioii
and individual indll'erence. In tho largo public
towards which all are pushing on with eager and
emulous speed ; but in our local schools the raco
is without a goal, or in a direction opposito to
the goal. Tho great practical disideratum then
is, some prospective standard, up to which all
must bo habituated to look, and by which they
must bo trained to try themselves in anticipation;
which shall givo reality and definiteness to early
study, and supply tho subsidiary motives on
which tho teacher of tho young must ever greatly
rely.
Hero is tho great function of tho college,
tlioujj
h it is obvious that tho same condition of
popular feeling which blights tho efforts of the
school teacher, will at tho outset bo a difficulty
in tho way of tho college's success ; but it will
speak with authority ; w here the hapless teacher
isolated and disregarded, plods on ro-ignedly, or
quits his profession in desdair. The question
now arises : Are tho students on their en trance
to bo well or ill qualified 1 Is tho collego to be
open, without restriction, to all who choose to
apply for admission ? Or must tho student
prove himself to possess a certain amount of well
digested and diversified knowledge? If the
former, tho issue is easy to bo foreseen. The
collego will degenerate, as wo havo seen in some
instances, into a mere school for tho elementary
instruction of boys, for whom tho strictest
method anddisciplineofa real school aro infinitely
more adapted than the comparative independence
and freedom of the college life.
Let, therefore, un entraneo examination be
fixed ; not too rigorous at first, but becoming
more severe, year, after year, up to a certain
point, and in a moment, as by tho waving of a
magic wand, a stimulus is given to all schools,
private and public, throughout the whole region
in which tho inllueuco of tho collego will be felt.
ieaehcrs must thou begin to put their house in
order : tho sluggish will be roused to actiou ; the
faithful will be hopefully sustained in a more
continuous course, and tho ignorant and incom
petent will bo forced to quit tho field. If, too,
is must ere long be tho case, a collego course
becomes the ordinary destination of our youth,
tho pupils also of our schools will becomo a dif
ferent raco from tho lounging, absent-minded,
and insensate throng that form tho mass of our
present school boys. They will have a motive
and a stimulus to continued exertion hitherto
unknown, and they will no longer bo ablo to
content themselves with a perlunctary prepara
tion of tho next day's task. Tho standard of at
tainment required at tho entrance on a college
lifo, is, in fact, tho kcy-noto of tho whole future
composition. Any mistake on this point at the
outset of this great design, will throw serious
difficulties in tho way of its future success. It
is then most ardently to be hoped that a respect-
ablo entrance examination will be enforced, ns
an essential portion of tho now collego nrrango
mcnt3. It will bo a source of regret if the
trustees bo not appointed early say two years
betoro tho opening ot tho collego so that they
may mature their plan, and be ablo to announce
publicly the extent of qualification that would
bo required. Iho existing schools might, in th
interval, be working up to this standard, aud tho
collego might have, al its very outset, a body of
better prepared students than it would other
wise bo likely to find.
As thoso schools would languish and seriously
sutler from any laxity in this ono vital matter.
it is, on the other hand, impossible to overesti
inato tho advantago they will derive from a well
arranged entrance examination, stringent, but
not too severe ; neither too narrow nor too com
prehensivo. Not merely will tho subjects al
reauy laugni 111 scnoois no carried onward to a
higher point, but ninny subjects of great impor
tauce, and quitewithin the reach of boys between
11 and 10 years of age, will begin to receive
their duo share of attention.
English literature and composition, logic,
general history, chemistry, botany, and other
subjects which aro now scarcely known in
schools, will tako a place in their daily working,
and all that is now taught will bo better taught.
I purpose, should your Excellency again permit
mo to address you, to advert from timo to time
to other collateral topics, connected with the
collego and education genorally. I should regret
any attempt at present to form a University.
The ideal of a colbgiato system seems to me ono
grand national university, with cognato colleges
throughout tho country.
1 have tho honor to be, sir,
Your Excellency's
Obedient, humble servant,
BERNARD CORN LUI S.
KAfiTKK.N XKWS.
Portress Monroe, Oct. 3J. The Richmond
Whig of tho 1st October, speaks of Lincoln's
proclamation as ordaining servile insurrection in
tho Confederate States, and says: "It is by a
dash of the pen to destroy four thousand millions
of our property, and is a bid for slaves to riso in
insurrection, with an assurance of aid from the
whole military and naval rower of the United
States." It speaks of the cruelty of tho Admin
istration, and says Butler is a saint compared
with his master. Our military operations, says
the Whig, are henceforth to assume a very grave
character, and we find that a new programme is
necessary to destroy all terms between us and
tho United States. Tho next campaign will be
a tremendous one, both for magnitude and tho
character of its operations. IV-t our authorities
prepare the whole strength of our people for a
tremendous shock. Tho enemy aro making
great preparations as well as issuing fiendish
proclamations. We must respond with equal
energy. If we don't, wo are lost,
Tins Whig says, tho movements of Ijco and
Jackson were toward Warreiiton on Saturday
Cincinnati, Wet. 4lh. A military order
military order was
issued to-day. suspending the drills of the eitv
military organizations till further order.
'.oii. pon Jeiice liuiu 'itiRiul Morgan army
at Grcensburg, Ky., says that his retreat was the
most arduous aud hazardous of tho war. During
tho march northward ho was constantly harassed
by rebel cavalry. On one occasion ho marched
fourteen hours per day for three successive days.
Tho troops had no water except what they could
find in stagnant pools. Notwithstanding their
hardships, tho troops are in fino health. All tho
guns nt tho Gap were brought away except four
thirty-two pounders, which were too heavy for
transportation. The trunnions of theso were
knocked olf before they were abandoned.
AVashington, Oct. 1th. A dispatch from the
headquarters of the-Army of the Potomac, dated
Oct. 3d, says : " The President reviewed tho
several corps of tho Army of tho Potomac to
day." Now York, Oct. 1th. The Marion, from New
Orleans on tho 25th of September, and Key
West on the 2iUh, has arrived.
General Butler has ordered all citizens, mala
and female, abovo tho ago of cightcon, to tako
tho oath of allegiance before Oct. 1st, on pain of
imprisonment and confiscation of property.
A number of guerrillas from tho country
abovo on tho right bank of the river, caino down
to tho city on tho 22d, and surrendered thorn,
selves. They had becomo disgusted with tho
lifo of outlawry they had been leading. They
say that hundreds nioro will escape nt tho first
opportunity,
Philadelphia, Oct. 4th. A Louisville dispatch
dated Oct. 3d, to tho Inquirer, says the rebels)
had begun to fortify Frankfort, Ky., but are now
evacuating. The samo dispatch says the rebels,
thirty thousand strong, are fortifying tho south
bank of Salt river. Tho Federal advanco occu
pies tho northern bank.
New York, Oct. 4th. A private letter from
an olliccr in Garibaldi's army tenders tho servi
ces of four or five thousand veteran soldiers,
already equipped, nnd two hundred officers, to
light for the I uion. and asks that tho Slate of
New York engage them.
Tho English iron clad atenmor Sunbeam, from
Liverpool, was captured while attempting to
enter Wilmington, N. C. ller cargo, valued at
a quarter of a million of dollars, consisted of
brandy and gunpowder,
St. Louis, Oct. 4th. Tho Springfield (Mo.)
correspondent of tho Democrat, writing under
dato ot October 1st, says: Artillery firing was
yesterday and this forenoon heard in tho direc
tion of Stircoxio. At noon to-day, word waa re
ceived that a fight had taken placo. Tho result
is not ascertained, and the number of the enemy
is not known.
A refugee from McBride's command reports
that nearly every ablo bodied man in tho north
ern portion of Arkansas is cither a conscript or
a refugee. Their treatment is renrcsonted n
cruel, and their homes aro robbed by armed
bands of plunderers, who seize all tho property
that they can by nny possibility uso for tho
army, leaving women and children without tho
necessaries of lifoi
Two brigades of tho Kansas army arrived at
Sarcoxio on the 25th of September.
Tho rebel Coffee, with 3,000 men, was at
Newtonia, fifteen miles south of that place.
Hearing of tho approach of the Kansas troops,
ho retreated southward,
Tho rebels at Sarcoxio say they have 10,000
men at Cowskin Prairie, and also 30,000 in
Arkansas, near tho State line, and as soon ns
thoso forces join they intend marching direct for
St. Louis. All tho prisoners taken tell of tho
rich booty promised them when they tako St.
Louis. It appears that such promises aro tho
incentives used to keep their men together
Chicago, Oct. 4lh. Tho following account of
General Morgan's retreat from Cumberland Gap
is telegraphed by tho (Quartermaster of his army 1
"Tho advanco brigado of Morgan's command,
from Cumberland Gap, arrived at Grcensburg,
Ky., on tho 3d, aacr an exhausting march of
sixteen days, having to mako tho roads in many
places. Tho men aro shoeless, hatlcss and
almost naked. For days tho men wcro without
rations, gathering subsistence from tho standing
com in tho fields, which they grated to make
bread, after tho fatigues of tho day. Tho men
bore their hardships and privations with remark
ablo fortitude, They were marchod undor arras
for twenty hours' yestoi day, skirmishing in tho
woods on each sido of tho road, and repelling
rebel attacks in front and rear. The enemy
blockaded the way in every ulnco thev nossihlv
could, and harassed tho column in every con
ceivublo manner. The army is ten thousand
strong, with a magnificent park of artillery, con
sisting of twenty-cight pieces, six of which are
tweiity.pounders. Four hundred wagons wcro
brought through safely. Iho works at tho Gai
wcro left in ruins."
Chicago, Oct, 4th. A Cairo dispatch, received
at ten o'clock to-night, snvs: " A terriblo bnttl
is raging in tho vicinity of Corinth. It com
menced yesterday morning, and raged without
cessation until threo o'clock thi ft..rnnn
which is tho date of the last report from Bethel
Station, twenty miles this side of Corinth. At
that hour cannonading was distinctly heard.
We can get no particulars to-night, as rail and
telegraph communication i cut off at Bethel.
Cairo, Oct. 0th. We can cet 110 distinct an.
count of Friday's battle at Corinth. On Satur
day morning, Price attacked Ro-M-crans' right
wing, and Van Dorn and Lovell his led. Tho
assault was made with great determination. At
one timo our center was penctratod, and the
rebels reached Corinth I louse, near tho center of
tho town. They wcro then driven out at tho
point of tho bayonet. Van Dorn led his column
over tho abattis on tho left to wilhin fifty yards
of tho ditch, exposed all the time to a scathing
fire of grapo and canister, and was drircn lack
by a charge of tho Twenty-seventh Ohio and
Eleventh Missouri. The battle lasted till 1:30
a. m., when tho rebels retreated towards Ilatchie,
I Seo second page.