THE STATE REPUBLICAN.
"Ihe Strusrsrle of to-day is not altogether for
io-aay, it is lur me vast iuius iuu
EUOENE CITY, SEPTEMBER 6, 18G2.
THE CHANCE.
Tho chango hi publishers will make no change
in the tone of this paper, except to improfe and
adopt it to tho wants of the country as time and
experience may dictate. Tho editorial will be
hereafter under tho control of tho publisher and
II. R. Kincaid, foreman of the office. The
Republican will ever remain true to the great
principles of liberty and progress on which the
American Government is founded, and will
earnestly oppose those who assail it, no mat
ter by what name they aro called or under what
pretcn3o they act, as traitors to their country
and enemies of humanity. Wo believe like
tho immortal Washington, Jefferson and
their patriotic co workers, that "all men are
endowed with certain inalienablo rights, among
which aro life liberty and the pursuit of happi
ness. As tho rormer "pubhsncr, with a
noblo devotion' to tho causo of his country,
has mado provisions which will insure the
uublication of tho Republican for at least a
sorics of years, il is therefore hoped that it will
rcceivo such patronngo and support as will
mako it ono of tho permanent institutions of tho
oountry. J. Newton Gale.
WOItK FOIt THE LEGISLATURE.
Besides the election of a United States Sena
tor, to fill the placo of tho great and eloquent Ba
ker, to the end of tho term for which ho was
elected, there will be much other impotant busi
nojs to claim tho attention of tho approaching
session of tho Legislature. And it is now time
that tho will of the different counties in the State
should bo made known on tho various subjects
to bo passed upon by tho Legislature, and the
wants of tho country bo pointed out through the
publio journals. However, tho grand question
of tho session will bo tho election of Senator.
This question has been so prominoiitly before
tho people that each member of tho Legislature
is probably aware of tho will and choice of his
constituents. Tho circumstances under which
Ncsmith and Baker were elected, as well as the
subsequent events, aro so well known that there
will bo no room for contention in regard to the
political antecedents of tho future Senator, if that
is taken into consideration at all, as it probably
will bo, judging from tho strict manner in which
tho Convention that nominated tho Stato Union
ticket last Spring, observed antecedents. This
tho Convention deemed necessary in order to
satisfy tho loyal Union men of Republican and
Democratic antecedents, giving to each a fair
proportion of tho offices. This was noC done to
keep up a division between loyal men, but to ce
ment and perpetuate their union by doing justice
to all. If the Legislature observes the samegood
faith in giving " honor to whom honor is due," it
will find men who stood by tho great orator
and statesman, " tho Gray Eaglo of Republican
ism," in tho brightest days of his life, who,
though not able to (ill his measure, aro worthy
and competent to occupy tho placo which ho lost
with his life in defense of his country.
Many other important subjects will claim the
attention of tho Legislature. A bill for tho
incorporation of railroads it is believed would bo
of great benefit to tho country. Tho present
Fall will add some twenty thousand inhabitants
to tho population of tho Stato ; and next Sum
mer will in all probability add many times that
number. Tho now mines on the cast and north
will bo constantly sending in moro gold. With
this great increaso in population and wealth, it is
not unlikely that companies will bo organized
before another session of tho Legislature, to com
laenso work on tho Oregon branch of tho Pacific
Railroad, or some other railroad within tho
State.
Tho Legislature will bo called upon to accept
tho act of Congress, granting land to tho several
States for tho support of Agricultural Colleges,
which will give Oregon 00,000 acres. As all the
unoccupied land east of tho mountains is bound
to soon settle up, this land could bo sold, with but
little expenso to tho State, for a sum of money,
the interest ot which would forever defray the
expenses of a college, which would bo of incalcu
lable benefit to tho citizens of this new State.
Thero will doubtless bo individuals found willing
and anxiouj to furnish tho nccewmry building,
0 that tho Stato need incur but little expense
in accepting the Act of Congress. There nre
subtantial buildings in tho Stato, which havo
been dedicated to tho causo of education, now
vacant or containing but few students for want
of nccossary funds, that would answer tho pur
pose for several years to come. Tho Columbia
Collego building, tho largest and most substan.
tial i.ono building of tho kind in tho State, is now
tmocenpied, and could probably be obtained
with the necessary grounds for such a school,
without cost to tho State.
It seems to be tho wish of the people generally
that a usury law, regulating interest on money,
tliall bo passed. At present capitalists will not
invest money in manufacturing because they can
not realize the tame income they can by loaning
it at tho present rates of interest. A pieeo of
property which will bring an income of one hun
dred dollars por annum, will now only sell for
four or five hundred dollars, because that amount
cf money, at twenty or twenty five percent., will
bring tho same income, with less trouble in
managing it. If interest was only ten or twelve
per cent., then tho property which brings the
one hundred dollars income, instead ot being
worth four or five hundred dollars, as at present,
would bo worth eight hundred or a thousand,
because it would bring the sime income as that
amount of money. Theso are some of the reas
ons urged in favor of a usury law, and aro cer
tainly very plausable. It is contended that a
high rate of interest retards manufacturing and
all kinds of internal improvements, and also
keeps down tho price of property. Wh9lher
such a law can be made so that money lenders
cannot evado it is a doubtful question, but if it
can it will be of much benefit to tho country.
.-
Aid for Soldiers. We publish this week
the " Urgent appeal of tho U. S. Sanitary Com
mission " to the peoplo of Oregon, asking aid
for sick and wounded soldiers. In such vast
armies as aro now arrayed in defense of the Gov
ernment, the number of sick and wounded must
necessarily bo very great. Amid the clash and
din of battle, and the great and constant prep
arat'mns which ara taxing tho time and energy of
tho War Department to the utmost, thousands
of poor soldiers who havo left homes and friends
to battle for tho life of our common country, nre
left, uncared for. A little extra attention, and
some of tho delicacies so precious to the sick and
wounded, may save thousands of valuablo lives,
To furnish such aid is the object of this Cominis,
sion. Those who have anything to contributs
should forward it immediately to A. Ilolbrook,
at Portland, and tho names with the amounts
contributed, will be published. II. W. Corbett,
Esq., of Portland, leads the van in this State,
having contributed $500, while many other cit
izens of that city have donated from 25to $50
each.
Treasury Notes. Tho argument has been
made, that should tho National paper currency
become greatly depreciated, thero would be good
eauso for its repudiation ; it has also been stated
that tho old continental currency of Revolution
ary times, was repudiated for that reason. In
deed, it has been suggested that the financiers of
that day even intended when making that cur
rency, that it should never bo redeemed, but
should, in passing from hand to hand and from
one depressed value to another still more depres
sed, act ns a tax upon the whole people, savins;
the Government a vast machinery of collection.
Not allowing, however, that a depreciation of
U. S. Treasury notes will lead to any such re
sult now knowing that our legislators and ex
ecutive officers can have no idea of possible ulti
mate repudiation so long ns the U. S. Govern
ment exists knowing that her faith is pledged
for entire redemption of nil her liabilities, and
feeling that hers is no punio faith, wo yet think
there' might bo some justice in repudiation, if tho
depreciation should bo produced by tho want of
confidence in the Government.
All good loyal men should tako this money at
par; want of confidence in tho Government can
alono bo tho sufficient causo for refusal, and such
want of confidence now, is incipient treason.
Waste not. Thero is a spirit of carelessness
and profligacy too prevalent among tho farmers
of Oregon, and especially of Lane county, in
regard to tho constant and reckless waste of ma
nure. Thero is no country where manure is more
needed or yields more beneficial results than in
Oregon j and no country in which there is less
attention paid to saving it. Thero is manure
enough wasted in Lane county every year to
increaso tho crops ono fourth if properly saved
and applied at the right time and in tho right
manner. IIov much tinio would it consume for
each farmer to save all his manure 1 half an
hour each day is ample time. At 312 days to the
year that would be fifteen and a half days spent
in saving and distributing manure ; allowing 40
acres to bo an average farm, and 15 bushels per
aero an average crop, then an increase of only
two bushels per acre at $1 per bushel and
you have 80 clear with just the satno labor, and
for every extra bushel you mako your land pro
duce you increaso its valuo ono dollar, so there is
$80 more a total of $100 for fifteen and a half
day's work, which is equal to ten dollars and
sixty-six cents per day. Where is tho farmer
who does not w aste moro than half an hour dai
ly 1 Farmers, arouse from your idle, careless,
lethargic stupidity and do sometlrng worthy of
your best of all callings ; send 2,50 to Port
Inn J and get tho Oregon Farmer, then send $1
to 43 Park Row N. Y. and get tha American
Agriculturalist, which is tho Champion agricul
tural paper in the United States, and when you
get them follow their advieo and in five years
Oregon will bo worth ten dollars to one now.
Tub new is still cheering from the mines on
John Day's and Powder rivers, and it is be
coming apparent every day that Eugene is th
point from which they must receive the great
mass of their supplies. Thoso who aro familiar
with both routes say that a gooj wagon road
from tho Dalles is impracticable while we have
a good ono now, and intend to keep it good by
constant repairs and additions wherever they are
necessary. Every citizen between Corvallisand
tho Can von should lend a hand.
Tub Golden Ay comes to hand just as we
go to press full freighted with very interesting
news both from the mines and the plains. It
also speaks right out for the Union, and whales
treason with tliat keenness which characterizes its
able editor.
Railroad Correspondence.
Editors Republican : By request of several
gentlemen I proceed to givo my views, very
briefly, in- regard to the plan and construction of
such a road as I believe to be best adopted to
our Valley. Most of men know that steamboats
on tho Willamette can' never take away produce
low enough tojustify tho farmer to send away
his crop by any such conveyance- Any man
that thinks and sees at all, knows that if ho wants
to ship wheat from Eugeno City to Portland, by
tho time ho pays tho freight ho would not have
1 ho value of a grain left. JNo matter how nor
by whom the boats are run, tho price of freight
cun never be low enough to answer tho purpose
of the farmer, nnd when the farmer fails to pros,
per every other business fails, also. I have said
before, that Oregon at this time, is not able to
build steam railroads, and if we were the buU-
ness in Oregon would not justify such a great
outlay of money, for nothing but money will
build them. Then my plan is to build the kind
of roads that will answer every purpose the coun
try demands, and roads that we can build with
no great outlay of cash, but such rouda that ev
try citizen may havo it in his power to contrib
ute towards their construction without any detri
ment to himself, whatever. My plan then is to
grade the routo whero necessary, lay down the
rails of timber, and plank between them where
necessary, commencing at the foot of tho Cala
pooia Mountains, on tho west side cf the
Willamette ; thence running through all towns
and places of business on the route to Portland.
Also a road on the east side of the Willamette, in
tho same manner. Then put on each road trains
of cars sufficient to do the business on each side
of the river j attach to each train a car fitted up
completly and conveniently expressly for pas.
sengers. Theso cars run by horses, changing as
t':io California Stago Company do, nnd making
tho trip from tho foot of the CalapooiaMountain
to Portland, say in a clay and night, which is
quick enough, and can be done on such a route,
having arrivuls and departures at all the towns
and places of business along tho routo every
day.
There should be no stock companies in these
roads, but let each county build the road through
its own bound", the counties through which the
roads run being the companies, each county's
Commissioners appointing an overseer, or mana
ger, for somo stated time. The prico of freight
and passage should bo put down to tho lowest
price possible, merely enough to pay the running
expenses and keep up tho roads.
We have plenty of materials and plenty of
mechanics to build such roads, and every man
that will do any tiling for tho benefit of himself
and family would help to build such roads.
Labor and material aro what we want ; t'11 so
alono will do it, mid every cet expended would
be returned in twelve months, and land would
soon raise to double its present value. Farmers
look to your interests; these two roads aro what
are wanted. Farming then will bo profitable.
It would bring a market for your produce at
your doors, and until something is dono so- that
you can cash your produce, you may farm in
vain. Observer.
Eugene Citv, Sept. 4, 1802,
California. The election in California for
Superintendent of Public Instruction, and in Ne
vada Territory for Delegate to Congress, was to
have been held on the 3d inst. In a few days
we will have the news ot tin defeat and annihi
lation of tho Democratic rebel party in Califor
nia. There is no difference now between tho
Union Democracy of that State, and tho seces
sionists, except a slight disagreement in regard
to who shall have the office of School Superin
tendent. Fitzgerald is the candidate of the
Dixie Secessionists, and Stevenson the candidate
of tho Union Democratic Secessionists. Both
parties uso the same arguments against the Ad
ministration and the war, and in most counties
have united on one ticket. Senator Latham has
been stumping the State for the Union Democ
racy and Latham Si Co. His argument, -which
is " this abolition war," from beginning to end,
is paraded in all the secession papers and saves
them the trouble of making speeches.
The town of Jackson, Amador county, was
destroyed by fire on the 23J ult. Loss, several
hundred thousand dollars.
Notice or Papers. Tho Yreka Journal, a
semi-weekly, published at Yreka, Cab, by Robert
Nixon, is among our mo3t valued exchanges.
Its terms are, $3 per year, 1,50 for six months.
Tho Red Bl 11 IT Indrpen dent, also a semi-weekly
published at Red Bluff Cal., by Chalmers &
Bishop, is an excellent paper ; terms $7,50 per
year, 1 1 for six months and $2,50 for three
months.
The weekly Appeal, published at Marysville,
Gil., at per year, is one of the best family
papers in California, its editorials are deep'and
searching and cut treason fore and aft.
Tho National Republican, published weekly
at Washington City, D. C, by W. J. Murtngh
Sc Co., at t'2 per year, is a stanch Administration
paper, and well deserves the support ot all
Union men, it being published at the National
Capital, makes it one of the best eastern journals
for Congressional news, and its editorials are
able and spicy.
M. A. S. McClvrb is just receiving a fine
lot of new goods, go and get your money's worth.
t'rgent Appeal of the U.S. Sanitary Commission.
The U. S. Sanitary Commission has issued
an address, appealing to the people of tho United
States, in behalf ot tho sick and wounded of the
people's Annies, East and West. For their
relief, it asks money aid supplies, at once and
in abundance. The acdress states "That the
Treasury of the Coinm'ssion is nearly exhausted,
when, if it had a huidred thousand dollars at
command, it would fetid be too weak for tho ur
gent work beforo it, aid compelled to see hun
dreds perish for want jf its aid in the Army of
the Potoinao alone." Iho signers of the address
mako the astounding assertion, that thousai
are now lying without sufficient shelter, food or
attendance, in tho caiaps and depots on James
River. Very manv of them must die, who
could have been savxl by a blanket, a suit of
hospital clothing and a few days allowance of
proper diet and simaants, instead ot ordinary
rations. Tho Comm ssion has saved hundreds,
if not thousands of nun, since this campaign be
gan, by supplying tlese inexpensive wants.
Since tho organizatioi of a flotilla of steamers
and sailing vessels, more than ten thousand sick
and wounded men have been transported to the
North, by the Commission, with special atten
tion to their care and comfort.
At this moment, ir view of tho multitude of
thoso to whom the question whether help from
the peoplo shall reach thorn to day or to-morrow,
is a matter of lite and death, and also of the
moral certainty that a few days will increaso the
number by thousands, the magnitude of the work
is appalling.
Contributions in money aro urgently solicited.
Will not tho loyal and generous men and wo
men of Oregon, deprived as they are of tho op
portunity of furnishing such articles as are need
ed, ami of rendering personal aid, be ready and
glad to give some of the money which is so ur
gently asked for?
The subscriber has been appointed an associate
member of tho Commission for this Stato, and in
its behalf, earnestly invites liberal and prompt
contributions, which may bo forwarded to him
by tho various agents of Wells, Fargo ii Co.,
and Tracy & Co. who have geneiously offered
to assist him in making collections, free ofeharge.
All amounts paid will be publicly acknowledged
and ns it is impossible to make personal appeals
it h hoped that all who care for tho comfort of
sick and suffering soldier or sailor, will at once
send in tho proof largo or small of their in
terest in the welfare of those who are lighting
and dying for the Nation's life.
AMORY UOLBROOK,
Member of the Sanitary Commission.
Portland, August 28, 1SG2.
The eastern news is assuming a moro favor
able aspect than we presorted last week. Gen.
Sigel has engaged nnd defeated tho enemy at
Warrenton, with terrible efiVct. Popo has won
a brilliant victory at Bull Run, in which ho lost
8,000 men, while tho enemy's loss was twice
that number. The " invincible" Juekson, it
seems ma-do a forced march of forty miles in two
days intending to surprise our army, when lo !
he fou id himself entirely surrounded and will be
compelled to surrender or cut his way through
our lines which wo apprehend will be rather an
expensive littlo job. Garibaldi has commenced
operations in Europe which will paralyze all for
eign intervention in our struggle for civilization
against savagism.
LATEST EASTERN NEWS
Louisville, 28. Gen. Johnson was compelled
to surrender near Gallatin on tho 21st, because
his force, numbering seven hundred, after fight
ing bravely for sometime, became unmanageable
and finally ran, excepting about eijihtv. John
son, Major Wen fry and three other officers were
taken prisoners. The rebel forco was eighteen
hundred.
Washington, 28. The official report of the
expedition down the Mississippi, says the rebc
transport Fairplay was captured with a cargo of
arms.
The railroad and telegraph at Monroe, La.,
were destroyed, thus cutting oil communication
between Vicksburg, Little Rock and Providence,
La. A portion ot the forces with rams, went up
the Yazoo, where a battery of forty-two pounders
and two field pieces were taken, the former de
stroyed. The expedition ascended the Yaz 10
above sunflower, but was compelled to return
Irom low water.
Cincinnati, 28. The rebel forces threatening
General Morgan at Cumberland Gap ore said to
be seventy thousand strong, under Bragg. There
is a reserve ot torty thousand at Chattanooga.
General Buell is moving up to confront Bragg.
liebel reserve will attempt to hold nun in check
while Bragg attacks Morgan for possession of
the Uap. Jil Monday last, Buell was thirty
miles north east 01 uechard and ten miles trom
Chaltenoog;i. A battle in that vicinity is shortly
expected.
Dispatches from Kentucky stato the rebel
Generals, Morgan, Frost and Woodward had
concentrated their forces and were now marching
on Bowling Green.
Chicago, 28. By mail we derive the following
from the army of Virginia:
On W ednesday, the 20th, the rebels drove in
our pickets, near Brandy Station, between Cul-
pepper and the I.appahannock. A chargo by
the Pennsylvania cavalry routed tho cnemv.
driving them back to Welds. Thursday, 21st,
five regiments crossed on tho pontoon bridge,
whicn nad Deen built the night previous, almost
walking into Sigcl's masked battery, which open
ed on them with canister and grape, mowing
them down by scores. It is reported that no less
than seven hundred were killed and two thousand
captured. The remainder retreated across the
river in great confusion. Our loss slight. On
Friday, 22.1, several of our batteries oneipd on
tho enemy from this side of the river, near Rap
pahannock Railroad bridrre. The rebels fl.-,l in
great disorder to the roads. Largo numbers of
inem were m,ied and wounded. During the
afternoon Sigel's brigade crossed the river, drove
the enemy's pickets in, who, being reinforced
came upon tho 71th Pennsylvania, one of the
regiments composing the brigade, and drove
them back in great confusion to tho river. A
number jumped in and were drowned, others
were shot while swimming, and a large number
captured, Tho loss of the 7 1th is said to be
one hundred and ten. On Saturday morning,
22d, our artillery along the whole line of the;
Rappahannock, opened on the enemy. The first
firing commenced near Bolton's Station, and soon
extended along the whole left wing. The enemy
promptly replied, und for several hours tho ter
rible firing continued on both sides. It was tho
heaviest artillery battle ever fought on this con
tinent. By two-o'clock the tiring somewhat
abated, until finally it stopped as if by mutual
agreement. Shell was almost altogether fired,
though occasionally round shot and pieces of
iron were used with tho rebels' shells. During
the whole shelling, sharp-shooters supported our
batteries, and did terrible execution on tho emv
my. Friday afternoon, a company of rebel cav
airy crossed tho river to tho right of Rappahan
nock station ; the sharp-shooters dismounted all
but four of tuem.
S,m Tmnf-isfio. 29. The following is a private
dispatch, received by Postmaster Parker, this
morning : " Washington, August 27. To tho
Postmaster, San Francisco : Send all mails to
New York via Panama, till further directions.
Interruption of tho Overland Routo by Indians,
is anticipated.
VERT LATEST.
GLORIOUS VICTORY AT BULL ItUM I
From tho Sentinel Extra, Sept. 1st.
New York, 29. Dates from New Orleans to
22d. City healthy. Arms were being tound m
all sorts of out of the way places with no own.
ers. A largo Union meeting was held on the
20th, Gen. Butler presiding. Bayou Sara has
been destroyed by our gunboats. 1'orter is np
the river demolishing places on tho banks whero
guerrillas have been firing on passing boats.
Breckinridge threatened to raise tno uiaeK nag
against our troops, and Lot. raine, at iaton
Rouge, appropriately responded that Baton
Rongo would be abandoned and probably de
stroyed. Fortress Monroe, 29. The Signal Corps-
which has been attached to McClellan's army,
left here yesterday tor the I otomac.
Memphis, 29. One hundred guerrillas visited
Ilopkinsville and sacked the place. Rebel Con
gress has declared Kansas in their Confederacy,
lancey introduced a bill legalizing the acts of
guerrillas, and declaring that if they aro taken
by federals and treated otherwise than as pns
oners of war, Jeff. Davis must retaliate on Fed
eral prisoners.
New York, 30. Aff.iirs near Washington and
Alexandria present a most favorablo aspect.
Burnsido nnd Popo successfully cut their way
through the rebel fircesiit Manassas and formed
a junction with McClellan's army this side of
Centreville.
Several engagements with rebels by divisions
under Hooker, Sturgis and Scammon have oc.
curred, in which the rebels were completely
routed and driven from tho vicinity of Manassas
and Bull Run through the passes of the Bull Rur
mountains. It is reported tho loss ot life on
both sides has been heavy, no accurate informa
tion, however, is attainable at this point, but it is
believed that the enemy has been most severely
punished and many taken prisoners.
It i said the Potomac river is fordnblo at any
point above Washington, nnd miuh excitement
prevails through Western Maryland from fears
that a portion of tho Confederate army may
make a desperate nnd destructive raid in that
quarter. Arrangements for the proper reception
of traitors at all points are complete for all
emergencies.
Sacramento, 31. Tho following is from the
Union Extra :
Washington, 30. The following was just re
ceived from the fieid of battle :
Grovetown, near Gainsville, 30th, to General
Ilalleck : We fought a terrific- battle here yes
terday with the combined forces of the enemy,
which lasted with continued fury from daylight
till after dark, by which time tlw enemy were
driven from the field, which we now occupy.
Our troops aro too much exhausted to pursue
matters further. We shall do so- in the course
of the morning, as soon ns Fit John Porter
crosses and comes up from Manassas.
The enemy is still in front, but badly used up.
We have lost not less than eight thousand, killed
and wounded. From the appearance of the bat
tie field, tho enemy have lost at least two to our
one. He stood strictly on tho defensive ; every
assault was made by ourselves. Our troops be
haved splendidly. Tho battle was fought on the
identical field of Bull Run, which greatly in
creased the enthusiasm of our men. News
from the front has reached nre by post, that the
enemy are retreating towards the mountains. I
go forward at once to see. We have made great
conquests, but are unable to form an idea of
their extent. Pop.
Philadelphia, 30. We have information which
satisfies us that the rebel forces that suddenly ap
peared in the rear of Pope's army, were Jack
son's division nnd Stuart's independent cavalry
corps, about thirty-five thousand strong. They
marched from Waterloo, on the head waters of
the Rappahannock, around White Plains, to
Manassas, a distance of forty miles in two davs.
without wagons, tents, baggage, or even knap
sacks, thus leaving their baggage to be transport
ed with the army corps ot Lee, which followed
behind.
Hooker's engagement. Thursdar. was with
General Ewell's division, and it was a gratifying
success.
General Pope, at half past nine on Thursd
morning, had concentrated his very lari?a armv
so as to interfere with calculations on which rebel
Generals must have ventured their bold and ex
traordinary movement. He had got McDowell's
force, including Sigel's, probably between Jack
son rear and Longttreet's front, which had all
the rest of the army within supporting distance.
A correspondent of the Preit savs while Sii1
and McDowell were harrassing Jackson in front.
banks was in his rear. A larger army than all,
under McClelian, disputes his march.
Washington, 30. It is not true that McClel
ian has been appointed Commander in Virginia.
Ilalleck in Commander is Chief. McClelian,
Pope, Burnside and others command the respect
ive divisions.
San Francisco, 31. Steamer Constitution ar
rived with mails to d.iv.