ed tut one week tefr Ui Ml F?rt
Banter. Tha new Itself that
tho officer commanding tho Haultio, to
which veasol tli troops had been trsnifcr
red from the Brooklyn nctinjr npon Mini
quisl-nrmlitlce of tho lite Administration
exintinjj op to III time tin order was dis
patched had only ts,iic- and uncertuln ru
mors to fix liii attention, ml had refused
to land tin troop to reinforce Fort Pii li
ens Moro crisis would U reached it
Fort Sumter, which wn rondercd poa
sil.lo, by tin near cihansllou of provia-
loin in tin latter named fort. In prccao
tion ajruitist such n conjuncture, tin Gov
ernment hud a few dsya before commenced
prepir'ui;r on expedition, ni well prepared
in iniit be, to relieve Kurt Sumter, winch
ur.pediiloii ww Intended to be ultimately
used or not, according to circumstances.
Tlift strongest anticipated case for unijr It
was oow presented, and It was resolved to
mii it forward, n had been intended.
n lira contingency it was a'110 resolved to
notilv tin Governor of South Carolina that
ho m'ijtht expect nn attempt would bo made
to provwion tho Fort, and that If tin at
tempt should not bo rcsUlcd thero wouid
i.,. rffnrt tn throw lii men. arms or am
munition, without further notice; or, In
cash of an attack upon tin Fort, notice
iv-ii f.i Ivh trierm nrvonlillL'lv. Wliurelinon
4ia w g n i '
tho Fort wa attacked and bomburded to
it fill, without even awaiting tho arrival
nt tli.i t.enuttirmiliir f'YIieditioll.
It is thui socn that tho assault upon and
tin reduction of Fort Sumter wa in no
sense a matter of telf-defcnso on the part
of tho as.wilants. Jlicy well Knew mat
llin irnrrion In the Fort could br no pos
sibility commit aggression upon them.
Thiv kunur tlnv wiru cxurcsalv notified
that the giving of brend to tin few brove
nnd hungry men or tin garron was an
that would on that occasion be altcmptid,
miles themselves, by resisting so niueh,
Hon. I nrovukn moro. I Her mew mni
tlin linvernnicnt desired to keen the earri
son in tho fort, not to ossul) them, but to
.... t.i
mvre'y nulntniu visible possession, ana tints
. t m .1 I I
to preserve tin union irom nciuui mm uu-im-diiitn
dfaolution. trusting, an hereinbe-
Ium Htnted, to time, discussion, and tho
bn!M-box for nnnl adjust incut; and iney
oml rlii(V!,l the Fort for nrcciselv
the rtveriio object, to drive out tho visible
imthority of the Federal Union, and thus
force it to imincdiiito dissolution. That
tins wus thuir object, the Executivo well
understood; and having laid to them in
t!i Inaugural Address, "you can have no
conflict witliout uciug yourselves uio ug
frr.nors," ho took pains nut only to keep
h iliii'lurulinii itoikI. but also to keen tho
Una do free from tin power of ingenious
soplrstry thnt the worm should not no nuie
to misunderstand it. 15y the affair at Fort
Sumter, with it.i surrounding eircnimtiin
m, Hint point wan reached. Then nnd
thero the nssuilunW of tho Government be
;;mi a coullict ofnrnis without a foo In
kijjht or In expeetaney to return their fire,
nave only tho few In tho fort, who were
aoiit to that harbor yoiiw before, for their
own protection, anil who wero still ready
to tfivo that protection in whatever was
lawful. In tliirf net, discarding nil else,
vlicy hnvo forced upon the country tho de
i.tructivo issue immediate dissolution or
blood.
This isMic embraces more than tho fate
of them United States. It presents to the
whole family of man the question whether
a constitutional rcpuhl.cun democracy, a
roveruincut of the peoplu by tho untno peo
ple, can or cannot uminUiiu its territorial
integrity nuainst its own domestic foci.
It presents the question whether discontent
ed individuals, too few in numbers to con
trol the Administration according to or
ff.niic law iu any case, und ulwnys upon
tin prutensci madu in this case, can ubso-'
lately, without any pretense, break up their
(ioiriiinont. ninl thus nructicnllv I Hit nn
mill tn (Vin irnrnrniniMit unon tho enrlli.
Itforccsus to ask, ia there in ull republics
ih'si iii!iirini fatal u-pnkuoss? Mint a gov
ernment, of necessity, be too strong for the
liberties oj tin people, or loo wcuk
maintain its own exigence?
So, seeing tlio issue, no chnnco wns left
but to call out tho war power or tliu Uov
erument, and resist tho force employed foi
its ikfctructioii bv force for its preservation
Tin call was made, and tho repponso of
the country was most gratnypig, surpass
in? in aiiniiiuiilv and mint the most sail'
ifnino expectations. Vet nono of the
Slnlos I'oninionlr rnlK'il Sl.iVO Stants. C
eept Delawaro, gavu a regiment through
regu! ir Stale organization, a tew n-gi
iii'jntj havo been organaei; within sonio
other States by individual enterprise,
iiml received into the Government service
(If course, tho Suceded States, so called
mid to which Texas had been ioined about
tho time of the Inauguration, iruve no
troops to the cause of the Union. The
Border Slates, so-called, wero not uniform
in their action, sonio of them being almost
u majority for the Union, while in others,
in Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee,
und Arkansas, the Union sentiment was
nearly repressed and silenced.
Tho course taken in Virginia was the
most remarkable, perhaps Ihe most impor
tant. A convention, elected by the State
to consider this very question of disrupt
ing the Federal Union, was in session- at
the capital of Virginia when Fort Sumter
fell. To this body the people had chosen n
largo majority of professed Union men. Al
most immediately alter thu fall of Sumter,
tinny of tint majority went over to the
original Disunion minority, and with th?m
adopted an ordinance for withdrawing the
State from the Union. Whether the
change was wrought by their great approv
al of the assault upon Sumter, or their
great resentment at tho Government's re
nistunco to the assault, is not definitely
known. Although they submitted the or
dinance for tho ratification to a veto of the
eople, to bo taken on a day somewhat
more than n mouth distant, tin Convention
and tho Legislature, which was also in ses
sion at the same time nnd place, with lead
ing men of the Slutt not members of ei
ther IhkIv. commenced oetinir as if the
Stnto were already out of the Union.
They ptislied unwary preparations vigor
ously forward all over tho State. They
Boiled the United State Armory at Har
pert Ferry, and thu Xary Yard at Oos
port, near Norfolk. They received, per
haps invited, into their State large bodies
of nrmed troops with their warlike appoint
ments, from the so cjlcd seceded States.
They formally entered into a treaty of tem
porary alliance and co-operation with the
o-caiifd Confchrnto SU'.e. r.d sent
mcuibcrs to their Congress at Montgom
ery. Aud Cually, the; permitted the in-1
surrectionary jrovemnvnt to In treiufi-iml
to their Capital al uitnmon.i. o r
pl of Virgwla have thus allowed thu gl
int Insurrection to raslft Its nt within in
borders, and tho Government His no cwwe
left but to deal filb It where It fbnnd If,
and It lias tin less regret, as the loal citi-
tent have In due form cisiuicu, in
Hon. . .. . . L .
Those loyal citiiem tins oovernmem is
bom.d to rccogniie and protect, is being
1-1...-..A.... In Ilia Itordef SUteS. SOl.
cd, but In fad the .Maldlo Slates, there are
those who furor a Hi,'J ,,!ch cul'
' arniej neutrality 'mat ia, arming oi
those States to prevent the Union forces
nawinir ono way, or tin IMumon lorces
I. .? .i ... i i n.;. u i..
tin otner, over mi'ir un. v.i. v
ni.i.ntnn cnmnlele: fizuratlvelr speeklnir,
It would be the building of nn impsMable
wall along the line oi separation, nu yet
naI AiiitA nn Imnniwul.la one. for. under the
guiM of neutrality, it would tie Ihe hands
of Union men, and freely pass supplies from
among them to tin insurrection!, ".
It onulil tinl An ni mi ftnell cnCITIV. At t
stroke, It would lake all the trouble off the
hands or secession, cxci ptoniy wnni pro
ceeds from the external blockade. It would
do for the I);nn!oi.ils that which of nil
things they most desire feed them well,
and til ft I lu m Dinun'on without A strugulo
of their own. It recognizes no lid' lity to
tin Coimtitulion, ro obligation lo maintum
the Union; and while very many who havo
favored It aro doubthM loyal, it Is never
theless Injurious In effect, nnd enibnrraisirg
to tho action of tin Govirmacnt.
Fir.d, a call w-.s mnda for 15,000 mili
tia, and rapidly following this a proclama-
itin '! iciioil f.if rlimlllff the ports of the
tiiciii-fwiinnnr dixtriels Iv proceedings in
the imturo of a blockade. So far, nil wns
hlii.vd In br strietlv lecol. At thu I omt,
tho insurrectionists annoiiiiicd their purpose
to cuter upon the practice of privuleering.
Other cull were mndo fir Toluntct r to
serve ihnc yenrs, unless sooner dinharged,
nnd also lurga ad.lifnns lo tho regular
Army and Navy. These measures, wheth
er strictly legal'or not, wero ventured upon
iiniW tvlint iipucnrcd a popular demand
hihI a public neci-ssily. Trusting tlien, ns
now, that Congress would readily ratiiy
them, it is believed that nothing has been
dono beyond the Constitution or the com-
w.lnnpv ef CninrreAS.
Kivm nfter llul firf,t Csll for m'titiu. It
was considered a duly to auihorize the
Commanding lienrrui, in proper case, ac
cording to his discretion, to suspend the
privilege of the writ or luioem torpui, or,
In other word, to arrest nnd detain, with
out resort to tin ordinary process and
forms of law, such ludividnils as In niiaht
deem dangerous to tho public safety. This
authority has purposely been exercised
very sparingly; nevertheless, tho legality
nnd nroorictv of what has been done under
it are questioned, and tin attention of the
pniintrv Iiiid Iippii railed to tho proposition
that ono who is sworn to take care that
tho laws bo faithfully executed, should not
l.inuelf violnto ihcm. Of course, sonic con
sideration was given to the questions of
power and propriety ueiore una qucuou
was acted upon. Tin whole of the laws
nl to bo f.liLllflllh' CXC-
ctrted were being rcsistcd. nnd, fuiling of
exccut.on in nearly one-third of the slate?,
must they be allowed to finally fail of exe
cution, even had it been perfectly dear,
that by Iho use ol tin means necessary
to their execution sonio singlo law, made
in ttich extreme tenderness of the citizen's
liberty that practically it relieved more of
tho guilty than of the innocent, should to a
very limited extent bo violated? To state
tho question more, directly: Arc all tho
luws but ono to go unexecuted? Even in
such a cose, would not tho official oath be
broken if tho Government should bo over
thrown, when it was believed that disre
garding the single law would tend to pre
serve it? Hut it was not believed thnt this
rinestion was presented. It was not be'
lieved that niiv law was violated. Tin
nrni kiiiiK of the Constitution that thepri
ilego ol tho writ of liabeus corpus Ehnli not
be suspended, unless when iu cases oi reoci
lion or invasion tho public safety may re
quiro it, is equivalent to n provision thai
sneli ni'ieilei'es mar be suspended when III
eiiRes of rebellion or invasion the public
mfely does require it. It was decided that
we hnvo a case of rebellion, and that the
public surety does require the quulilied sus
pension of the privilege of the writ whicl
was nuthoii.cd to be made. Now it is in
aisled that Comrress. and not the Kxecu
tive. is vested with this power. Put the
Constitution itself is silent as to which or
n lin u lo evercisn Iho iiinver- und as the
provision wns plainly made for a dangerous
emergency, it cannot ue ueheveil mat t lie
framers of the instrument Intended that in
cverv enso the danger should run its course
until Congress should be called together,
the very assembling of which might be
prevented, ns was intended in this cuse, by
llm rebellion. Nn more extended aruu-
ment is now offered, ns an opinion nt some
length will probably be presented by tho
Attorney General, whether there shall be
any legislation upon tho sunject, ami irony,
wlint. nnd submitted entirely to the better
juiltrmcnt ol congress.
The forbearance of tho Uorcruineut had
lieeri evti'iioidinarv. nnd so lull!' continued
as to lead some lon itrn nations to shape
their action ns if they supposed tho early
destruction of our National Union was
probable. AVhilo this discovery iruro the
I - u
Executive some concern, ho is now happy
to say that tho sovereignty and rights ol
the United States are now everywhere
practically respected by foreign powers,
. i .i .t. . i. .
una a generui syinpuiny wnii me cuiinu j
is manifested throughout tho world. The
reports of the Secretaries of the Trrnsnry,
. I.I V "II - .1
u ar, n mi uie .mivt, win give tue iniorma
tion in detail deemed necessary and conve
nient for your deliberation and nction,
while the Executive nnd till tho Depart
ments will stand reody to supply omissions,
or to communicate new facts considered
important for you to know.
It is now recommended that you give
the legal means for making this contest a
short nnd divisive; one that you place at the
control of the government for the work at
least 400,000 men. and $100,000,000.
The number of men is aliout one-tenth of
thos? of proper ages in regions where, ap
parently, all are willing to engage; and the
mn m loot than twpiitv-thin) nirt nt th
monry value owned by the men who feel
ready" to devolve the whole amount of
er.nri IlilD 000 nhieh is n leu cum n, r
head than was the debt of onr devolution
when we came out of that struggle; and
the money value in the country r.ow bears
even a greater proportion to what it was
I hi ii than do tin iiopuljtuin. Biireiy
each man Ins a Uroog motive now lo
preserve our liberties as each hid men to
(Mahli'h lliem. A right rwull at tins lime
will keep the North more lo Ihe worn
than ten timet tin men and ten timet the
money. The evidence reaching ui from
Ihe country Icavea no doubt that the mate
rial for Ihe work is abundant, and that it
needs only the hand of legislation to Rive
it legal sanction, and Ihe band of the Rxee
utlve to gire it practical ibue and efficien
cy. One of the greatest perplexities of the
government Is to avoid receiving troops
faster than it Mi provided ror mem. in a
word, tin people will save their Govern
ment, If the Government itself will do Its
part only Indifferently wi ll.
It must seem, at fiit thought, of but
little difference whether the pit-sent move
ment at tho South bo called Fc.f lnn or
Rebellion. Tin movers, liowcvi r. well un
derstood the d ffrinco at the beginning
They knew they could never raise their
treason tp any respectable magnitude by
ny namo which implies violation of law.
They knew thtir (icoplo possessed as much
moral aense, as much devotion to law nnd
order, and as inucji prido nnd reverence
for tho history and Government of their
common country, as any other civilized and
patriotic people. Tiny knew ihcy could
mnko no advanctmcut directly In the teeth
ol these strong and noble sentiments. Ac
cordingly, th'y comnu need by nn Insidious
debauching of lln public mind. They In
vented an ingrnluus anpliirm, which, If con
ceded, wai followed by prfcci.y logical
steps through all tin Incidents to complete
destruction of lln Union. Tin sophism
itself is, that any Stnto of the Union may,
consistently will, lln National Constitution,
lei re tho Union, and thcrtforc lawfully nnd
peacefully go out witliout lln consent of
the Union or oi any oiurr omiu w
the Union. The blllo disguisj that
iho supposed r'ght 1 lo In exer
cised only for a jut cnne. because they
themselves are lo bo tho sole Judges of its
Janice, is Ico thin to merit any notice.
With rebellion, thus sngar coated, they
have been drugging tho public mind of
their section fur moro than tinny years,
and until at liiigth they havo brought
ninny good men lo willingness to take up
nuns against the Government, and on Ihe
day after some asscmblngo of men l.nvc
madid Ihe farcical pretence of Inking their
steps out of the Union who could have
been brought up to no such thing Iho day
before. This sophism receives much, per
haps tho whole, of its currency from ihe
assumption tint (hero Is some omnipotent
nnd sacred supremacy jHrluining lo a
State, to each Stnto of our Federal Union.
Our States huvo neither moro nor less
power than that reserved lo them in Ihe
Union by the Constitution, no one of them
evr having been n State out of the Union
bcloro they cast off their British coloninl
ilcpendii.ee, nnd Ihe new oiks each came
into Iho Uuion directly from a condition of
dependence, except Texas; and even Texas,
in its temporary independence, wus never
designated a Stuto. Tho new ones only
took the designation of States on coining
into tin Union, while that naino wns first
adopted for tho old ones iu mid by the
colonic!', who were declared to be free nnd
independent States. 15nt even then the
object plainly was not to dcclaro their in
dependence of one another, or of Ihe Union,
but directly the contrary, ns their mutual
pledge and their mutual nction before, ol
the time, mid afterward, absolutely shows,
and the express plighting of faith by each
and all of tin original thirteen States in
Articles ol Confederation two yenrs later,
that the Union shall be perpetual, is most
ronclnsive. Having never been Sttitcs,
neither in substunco or iu name, outside of
tho Union, whence their magical omnipo
tence of Stnto rights, associating a claim
of power lawlully to destroy the Union it
self ? Much is said about tho sovereignty
of the States, but tho word is not in the
National Constitution, nor, ns is believed,
in any of the Slate Constitutions. Wlmt
is sovereignty iu the political sense of the
term? Would it be far wrong to define it,
a political community without a political
superior? Tested by this, nono of our
States, except Texas, ever was a sovereign
ty, anil even sin gave up the character on
coming into tho Union, by which act she
in know bulged tho Constitution of the
United States, and the laws and treaties
of the United States, made in pursuance
of tho Constitution, to be for lur, Iho su
premo law of the land. Tho States have
their status in tin Union, and they have
no other legal status. If they break from
this they can only do so ngainst law by
revolution.
Tho Union, nnd not themselves, separa
ted, procured their independence nnd their
liberty br conquest or purchase; tho Union
gave each of them whntevrr independence
nnd liberty it had. The Union is older
than any of the States, nnd in laet it crea
ted them as States originally. Sonio de
pendent colonies mode the Union, and iu
turn the Union threw off t! o'r old depen
dence for them, nnd mndo them States
such ns they are. Not one of them ever
had n State Constitution independent of
the Union. Of course it is not lorgotten
that all the new States framed their Consti
tutions before they entered tho Union.
Nevertheless, depcudcht upon and prepar
atory to coming into the Lnlnn, unques
tionably the Suites have the powers nnd
rights reserved to them in nud by tho Na
tional Constitution; but among them surely
arc not included all conceivable powers,
however mischievous nnd destructive,
known in tho world nt the time s govern
mental powers, and certainly a power to
destroy the Government itself had never
been known as governmental merely ad
ministrative power. This rclntivo matter
of national power nnd State rights, as a
principle, is not other than tho principle of
generality nnd locality. hutever con
cerns the whole should be confided to the
General Government; while what concerns
only the State should bo left exclusively to
thu Mate. 1 hat is all there is of original
principle about it. Whether the National
Constitution in defining boundaries between
the two, has applied the principle with ex
act accuracy, is not to be questioned. We
aro also bonnd by that definition without
qnestion. What is now combatted is the
position that secession is consistent with
the Constitution, is lawful and peaceful. It
is uot contended lhat there is any express
aw for it, nnd nothine should ever be impli
ed as law which leads to unjust or absurd
consequence. The, nation purchased with
money the countries ont of which several
of these States were formed. Is it hist
thnt they should go cfT without leave, and
,ill,oi.l refunding? Tn rtwn l' d J
Urge mn-lo the aggregate. I bebevr. u
hundred milliou-lo release Florida of lln
boriginal tribes. Is it Jut lint dn now
go off without making any MflrnT nn
nation is now In debt for money applied to
the bent fit o! these io-ealltd seceded
Cii, In common wilh iho ret. H it
just either that Ihe creditor aball fo im
...i.i iii roinnliiliis' KlsUi par. while
part of lue national uhh vm,mv
to pay the old debli of Tela.? it J"'l
Unit she shall leave and pay no partoi !"
w.-ir A-rnin if our Stjtc may secede,
so may another, end when all shall Have
L'fL la iiiT tli UtrMi. I
"lvyM, ' i .r .
i.i. ii hut la creditor? I!d w uotHy
Ihcmoflhis ngo t ie of oun whin we
borowed their mouey?
p.. miV niw'iilza Ihe doctrine of al
lowing the leecdera logo in near, it Is
.difficult lone what wo eeo do If ot here
choose to go or lo extort terms upon w win
ihrr will promise to remain. Tin Sereder
imitt ih..i our Constitution admits seces
iion. They be ro awumcd lo make na
tional ConMitation of their ow n, h which
linve either din nrded or
retained lln right of srecM on. al lh7 In-
sUt it ex'sts in ours. II iw y uave uuwum
.A it in theirs, iher thereby adiu'l lint
on principle it onght not lo be In ours; il
Hir have retained it. by Iheir own con
struction ot ours they ihow that to be con
sistent lliey must ncrdo from cue another
whenever I hey shall find It Un reodieft
way of settling their debts or effecting any
other wtfish or nnjust obj.-ct. The prinel-
i iiuir i nun of disintegration, nnd
iinnti uliieh no roveruincut can pOSSilI)
If all tho Slates save one should
nssert tin power to drive that one out of
1. I'n nn il i nriMinicd 1110 Wlioic no"".
of sccc.ion politiclaiii would ot once deny
the power and denounco this art as the
minimi niiir.iL'o noon State rights. Cut
mitincA nreelsi Ir the same oct. instead of
being called driving them out, should be
cnlh-d iho sccediiw of the others from lhat
one, it would be exactly what tin seceders
claim to do, unless, indeed, nicy mno me
noiut lhat the otic. beianc it is a minority,
inny rightfully do what the others, because
they aro a majority, may not rightfully do.
Tlnso politicians aru suniio ami jwoiouuu
on Ihe rights of minortl s. Th'y are not
nniii.il to lhat newer which is in the ton
slilution nnd speak from the preamble
culling llseir " We the people." It may
will be questioned whether there is to day
n mainrily of tho Iczaltv Olialified voters
of any State, except, iieihnps, South Caro
lina, in furor of disunion. There is much
renson to beliivo lhat the Union men nre
the majority in ninny, if not in every other
or Iho so culled scctditl amies, i no con
trary has not been demonstrated in nny
one of them. It is ventnred to affirm this
even of Virginia ai d Tennessee, for the
n cnlt of un election held ill military camps
where tin bayonets nre nil on ono s'de of
tin question voted upon, can scarcely ue
considered as demonstrating popular sru
l linen t At such mi election, nil that
Inreo class who nre nt onro lor the Union
nnd agninst coercion, would be coerced to
vote ngiiiust the Unon.
It mar bo assumed, without extrava
ganec, that tho free institutions wo enjoy
have developed thopowirs nnd improved
the condition of our whole peoplo beyond
an exann lo in the world. Ol Ibis we now
have n striking and an impressive illiiftrn
tion. So lare-e an nrmv as Ihe Govern
ment lias now on foot was never before
known without o soldier in It but who had
tuken his place there of his own free choice;
but more than this, there aro many singlo
recriments whose members, ono and an
other, possesses full practical knowledge of
ull the arts, sicuccs, protessious, aim what
ever else useful or elegant is known in the
world, nnd there isscurccly one from which
there could not be selected a JTcsiiietit, a
Cabinet, n Concress. nnd perhaps a Court,
abuinhintly competent to administer tho
Government itself. Nor do I say this is
not true also in Ihe army of our late friends,
now adversaries, iu this contest. Kut if it
Is. so much belter the renson why the
Government, which hasconlerred such ben
efits on them and us, .should not bo broken
up. Whoever, in nny section, proposes to
abandon such a Government, would do
well to consider in defenso of what prin
cinle it is that he does it: what better he
is likely to get iu its stead; whether the
substitute will give, of bo intended to give,
so much of irood to the people.
There nre some fori shadowing doubts on
the subject. Our adversaries have adopted
somo declaration of independence, in which,
uul.kc the good old ono penned by J i per
son, tl.ev omit tho words. " all men are
created ecninl.'1 They have adopted
temporary National Constitution, in the
preamble' of which, unliko our good old
one signed by Washington, they omit
" We the people," and substitute " We, the
deputiesof tho sovereign and independent
States." Why tins deliberate pressing out
of view the rights of men. and the nuthority
of the people? This is essentially a people's
contest on this side of the world for that
form and substance of government whose
leading object is to elevnto the condition
of men. to lift artificial weichts from all
shoulders, to clear tho paths of laudable
pursuits Tor all, to afford all an unfetterca
start and fair chance in tho race of life, yield
ing to the partial and temporary departnro
from necessity. This is tin lending object
of tin Government for whoso existence we
contend. I nm most happy to believe that
the plain people understand nnd appreciate
this. It is worthy of note that whilo in
this, the Government's hour of peril, large
numbers of those in tho army and navy
who havo been favored with tho offices
have resigned nnd proved falso to the hand
that pampered them, not one common sol
dier or sailor is known to have deserted
the flag. Great honor is duo those officers
who remained true, despito the example of
their treacherous associates; but the great
est honor, and most important fact of nil,
is the nimuimity and firmness of the com
mon soldiers nnd common saliors. To the
last man, as far ns is known, they have
successfully resisted the traitorous efforts
of those whose commands but an hour be
fore they had obeyed as absolute law.
This is the patriotic action of plain people.
They understand without any argument
that the destroying of the Government
which was made by Washington1 means no
good to them.
Our popular Government has often been
called nn experiment. Two points in it
our people havo already settled: the suc
cessful establishing and the successful ad
ministering of it. One still remains: its
successful maintenance agninst a formida-
i. i. i .1 .iiomiit lo overthrow It. It
t now for them to demonttraU to the
-orld lhat lhoe who can fairly carry aa
election, can l ujpni rebellion; that
ballot are the rightful and peaceful sue
eewor of buUcU, and that w hen bal nl
have fairly and consiiimionai.y aecum,
(here ran fat no successful appeal back to
bullets: that there can in no pucvr-im r
neal except "l,0, tncmielv at aoo
LedingcUctlons. Suel. will be great
baton of peace, teicLing men lhat what
L. ii t.k h inf ection, nellher
can they take by war; teaching all their
folly ol being IM uegmmni . -
IVst there be tome oneesiiicw in the
mind of candid men at to what I to be
the course of the Government lwtrtb Iht
Southern States after the rebellion thall
have been suppressed, lln Kxrcutive deems
it proper lo say lhat In will be guided by
the Conslitutioii and the law, and that he
probably will hare no different understand
log of the power! and duties of the Feder
al Gorernment relative to the rigid of
tho Stale and lln people under the Con
stitution than was expressed in tho Inau
gural Address. He desire to preserve
the Government that it nny be adminis
tered by tin mcu who made it Irfyal
citizens everywhere havo Iho right to claim
this of their Government, ami the Gor
ernment has no right lo withhold or iksj-
t.i. Il II la not iiereelvcd that In uivillg it.
there Is any coercion, any conquering or
any subjugation, In nnyjusi sciimi oi !iie
terms. Tin Constitution provides, and all
(he Stale have accepted tin provision,
thnt the United Stole fhall guarantee lo
every State In this Union a republican form
of government. Hut If a Stale nmy law
r. .ii.. n.i nt dm I'n' nn bnvinff done to.
it nmy also discard tin republican form of
government; so mat to prevent n
out l nn indispensable mean lo tin end of
maintaining wo pnnramy incnuonru.
Where an end is lawful and obligaloiy,
1 1, a inrtiuimiitnlil" menus lo it aro also law
ful and obligatory. It is with the deepest
rnireot Hint I III! Executive follUll lllC (IlltV
of employing tho wnr power In defense of
Iho Government lorwi upon nun. nr
onnl.l Imi iierforin this duty nr surrender
llm nvkicnce of the Government. Tn
compromise lln public servico would in
this case be a crime. Not that compro
mises nre not often proper, but that no
popular Government can long snrvivo a
marked precedent that lhoc who carry nn
election enn only save tin Government
fVniii limneilintn destruction hv tri villi? nil
....i.i - n r-
Ihe main point upon which Ihe people gave
tho election. lin people iiiciiwivck, ami
not their servants, can safely reverse Ihelr
own deliberate decisions. As a private
citizen, the Executivo would not hnve con
sented that these institutions should perish.
Much less could ho net in betrayal of so
vast and so sacred a trust as these free
people had confided to liiin. Me felt that
he had no moral r'ght to shrink, nor even
to count the chnmos of his own lile in wlint
might follow. In full view of his great
responsibility, ho has sn fur done what he
lias deemed his duly. Yon will now, ac
cording lo your judgment, perform yonrs.
He sincrrciy hopes that your views nnd
your actions may so accord with his, ns to
ntsuro all faithful citizens who have been
disturbed in their righ's, of n certain nnd
speedy restoration of Ihe law. And hav
ing thus chosen our course with pure pur
pose, lit us renew onr trust iu God, and go
forward without fear, and with manly
hearts. Ar.HAii.iu Lincoln.
Ji ly 4, 18G1.
Details of Eastern Jffcws.
IUneimTowN, Mo., July 2. Early lliii morn
ioij llie lroii nunioiifil livre cna-wil llm ford al
W illiuiiisrt. The punt of honor in crowing ni
given to the lit Wiwuii!n ami Mill IVnnsyirnni
Regiments. Thry vuiii within 7 j vnnti f the en
emy. The rebel al MurliiwburB, Va., ainnuiitiujr
to four regiment of infantry and out reuinieiil of
hone, wore engaged in Hie connicl. 1 hey hail
four pircea of artillery, and were coinmnmled liy
Col. Jackion. We had two lil'ed ami tewral
wounded. Several dead and wniindcd rebel were
left on the field in their hariy retreat
Gun. Palter-on ha ceiil far n in'orcf me ill. He
iippoet!ru JolinMiiu'a force to be I5.UU0 iiifunl
ry, (iOt) cavalry, and 20 piece of artillery, and i
pnaleil about seven mile from Mnrtiimburg. Put
tenon command ia about 7,00(1 ineu with SO
iield-piecee.
(ieu. Ie' wife, formerly Mary Cuti, re
marked a few day ago thnt her hushnnd had
aneut great (Imp i f blixid because of llie fatal
lep ha had taken in joining Ihe rebel.
VitERi.iNa, July 3. Duili lioune of the Leg!
lature oririiiitcd yealerduy. Lieut. Gov. Piiinley
took the chair in the Bonnie, and Daniel Front, of
Jncktnu, wn elected Speaker of the Hoiiiki. Got.
I'ierponl'a message waa air lit to both bodies last
iii)iit, together with oflicial duvuineula fnmi
Wai-hington, rccogniring the new government.
The mrKiaee is a very tthie document, and give
umuual atifaction. Jt ia n complete rei iew of
tho eectssiou of Virginia, and of llie cante lend
ing to the formation of the present government,
and reeO'.niiK'iiils an enerelic co-operation with
llie Fideral Government.
FIGHTS IN JllSSOfltl.
.tSo'eliKkou the morning of July 10, SS0 Fed
eral tioops under Col. Smith, IClh Illinois liei
ment, eneumped nxar Monroe station, on Ihe Han
nibal and St. Joseph Railroad, were surprined nnd
attacked by 1 ,000 rebels, under Jackson' Brig -Gen.
Tho. A. Harris. The rebel were driven
back to Ihe station, wiih a loss of 4 killed and sev
eral wounded. Five prisoner and 7 hone were
taken. Copt McAllister, uf the Federal troops,
wa mortally wounded; 4 othera were wounded.
While ihe fight was going on, 30b rebel burned
the railroad bridge, station hout, and 20 cars,
iilno tearing up the track. The whole rebel force
was pursued to Monroe by Col. Smith's command.
Another fight look place at the station, and lh
rebels were again repulsed with some loss. Col.
Smith look up a position in and around the Fe
male Seminary i and sent messenger for reinforce
ments. At 1 1 p. m. he was surrounded by Hie reb
els in full force, but thought he could hold out until
reinforced.
St. Lueis, July II. Col. Zrigle, with 1.300
men, attacked 6,000 rebels under Kainaand Par
sons, miles east or Carthage, Jaspei co , south
west Missouri, on the prairie. The attack beran
at 9 30 a. m., July 6, with artillery, which broke
llie enemy's center twice, and silenced their artil
lery. Alter nD hourand a half of fighting the en
emy tried to outflank the federal forces w ith their
cavalry and cutoff their bage, but Zeigleby a
retreating movemcut kept up a constant file and
ordered the bxgeage train lo advance. The en
my tried to cut off communication with Carthage.
Zeigle's artillery wa so placed as to give them
cross fire and made serious loss among them, which
opened the raid, and Ziegle fell back on Car
thage, when another stand wns nude. The trai
tors being in pnsseatian of the town, Zeigie sur
rouded it and threw shot and pap into their
cavalry and mine infantry to great advantages
The bloodiest fight wit when the rebels tried te
pieventZeiele from reaching a peiceof woods whara
they could not use cavalry. The rebel were forced
to withdraw, and Zeigie fell back on Ml. Vernon.
leigle a loss was eight killed and do to 4U
wounded and missing. At the smallest calrola
liou the enemies' loss wa about 300. Tba Fed
eral troops captured 65 bertes, and picked up 6i
double-barreled hot guns on Sunday morning.
Ijca. Lyon id ueuurtille and Alaj. Margoa
in Clinton, they expect to farm a junction ten mile
south of CI'Dton tb.it B:ght and march t Zeig'c'i
aid.
aa atUaau U .. .
'-Ul.alsaiiiJ,
Aaairtra
I -Wa.il..
.T-cw-.-- T-T, 'H
SATURDAY. JULY . ,C.
Thic Nri.-WePul.lUhih,iv1i.
McssflRo entire this week, to the HsJ
of much other Interesting nutter TW
tnesssita U telegrsphic copy, ln4
found to contain a few error, i,
friend ol Ma conntry will J
decided manner In which tl p,,,
metU the difflculliei now uwettis.,,.
country.
The advices of every dursci ,
couilnir from Wsshlngton, otsort n,,
tho Government ia resolved to i
ahead until every resil of tlsf bou
fuinons and dijrraecful rcWllioa It
plelily crushed out.
Wmk al tk rtn,.
All aorta of rejiort art in eirenlitio,
rt iileut thai liupjKtte.1 I Ik etei,
Pacifk-, Cnpt, 6tap!s, va Iter i,
luinhia river on Wrdmaday aaitit af Ua tA.
Th facta ar imly three t Th nwrl n f.
land about eight o'clock r. a, ka a Uij
some ily or aevruly puw.i.r iU, mtiyn
tity of freight, especting la trark AttsriaThsa.
day morning, and proceed IninirdUliI; Uari.
liver) Ihii g went on awimm ngty Jui tl
part of the liilil. The itiana shell I tVI tsl
pte light down through llie Uniting clog im
d ciiti d a KNtheriug torm. We kid ukrs sn
family on boatd, natieipaiing a atiek, fr, s4
ptrusaiil Irip to A "tori, our new hen. We
but just gone lo bed, at tlrvrn asd kull t'M
when the strainer rna sn lial void ujkt iv.
fin Ruck,'1 In Iho vicinity i.( lUinier. TWikrt
w a not very violent, but enoarjli to I Uim
of lie iaengers marly or tjuiiej at af iWj
berth. We haatencd on deck, and (tni
the sleniiier was ttill umlrr beadviy, b.l ill
s-i innl lo know iiothmg about lln aiaiij,,.
tallied, although wu learned that Iks n sw
Inkinpt in water very fast Th first eDurt wu &.
reeled toward trying to find the leak, ioatJtr I
atop it from the invido. Tin faiiing, i anl ti
arltled down by nirun of weighiiia fwitftU
bow, wilh tbu vii w uf partially checking Uw rsk
uf water o that the pump might kersktr ilUl
tillahscould iuii down lo Ailori. Tin hatck
w aya were ininiedlilely opened, anl th Imitia
the hold, which was fart beeomin mkimrjej
water, waa ho sted en deck wiia all psaibirss.
patch. 'I he freight wa shifted aft, ied mn
eight fine horses, (lauding forwafJ,ert mmiJn
fur back aa posaible, in order lo riliive Ike AifU
word, which waa last acllling dews at Im Wi
Tho bulk-head wero cut away, to let tin ir
buck, so n to get the pumps at Wrrk. TsiisW
by this lime had sot bands au l bose aflmt ieib
hold. The strain pumps wrr kept eoasUMlj a
work, and vastqiwniiiiesof water arre krwrliif
through Ihe hatchway by means at a larrt Uttrl
roustf iicti d of a bum). Th ship ia tkc ant
time had been kept going, rem of th tan
stream,, thru down, occasionally Hoppn b t
lime, and turning round and leond is Ik asUi
of the river, just bvluw Collin mouatsia. Auknt
o'clock Thursday morning dayliglitbeiiilml
in tho east, much to Ihe relief of allea Wui
Tlie water had now gained on die Itrrs liD ilia)
evident that tho engine, which wa bartrr a
lion, must toon ttop. Tho fireman nnxsftr
Rclow, having woiked for soma lima la na
nearly waist deep. There aa new a iJanaW
left but lo bench the vessel. She wumtrMsl
at a few minutes pml three, just bek Cat"
mountain, on tho north Iwnk of Ik Colsa.
She crawled iiion the (and so modrtaltljilhiln
could feel no jar when Ihe ateamtr ami. T)
lea.I wua thrown for a mile before Mehitf Is)
shore, indica ting pretty deep water all lbs nj.
Detween her bows and the ahore, s disuse a"
om ten or fifteen rojs, the water issiwn"tll
feet deep, and quite rapid. From her wheel-koosar
back th water deepens rapidly, givhijaJtMl1
ty or twcnly-fivo feetal Ihe atern. AOorattlast.
thu current washed the aand rapidlj fromiito
her, and in a few hour ehi- listed w(riauai
merge a portion of her lower decks, aali"
part of the freight on the upper deck M T
Ihe river. The cabin, cook loom, aad ill us k
sparinieuta wero slrijiped of bedJisfi stsn
all olher valuables, wkich wcressfclj axW
shore by one o'clock r. u. on Thoxsaay. At"1
eleven o'clock Ihe bark Samuel Merrraeaaw"
ihe river, and anchored a mile and a half ("J
Capt. Gilman, who bad her iu charge, stsli"
boat alongside and kindly look ourfamiljlw"
the bark, bound to Oak Point. Tb
Multnomah and Cowlils both male """
ance about au hour later, and look U PW"
passengers back to Portland. '
We eanio lo Oak Point on
tarried, wondering through die wild "nkPZ
ering berrir which grow her ia Ihe a1 j
fusion, nnd lingering among Iheambn! P
of Mr. Alex. Abernelhy' home """"""
ricbed by luwiou fruits and adorned If
diat render thia charming spot as ft a J
song as His garden of Alciaa-
mosquitoes (the only evil we saw here), law
waters stretching far away In the "J' jV.
on either side by tho overhanging boot
lonwood the cooling xepliym, lh
noou baaleu np from Ih ocean, i'UV
fragrance of a hundred elusteta f
fiowcm, and wavinj the braucbea of Ik In,
cherry, apple, and pear treea-all ttB .
to write gladness on tU facos of "'Vrf
there, and atamp Iho soul wilh the
hearen-uei. W. to ' TLM'
Friday at thrvo o'esoek fcr Astoria, so
the plac aafely about aon-Jowa.
There are a variety of opiaiooa aa r
peel, of aaving th Pacin. Som
be raised soou. whTt other, think '"
got off before hitrh water next 'I,, y
ovent, it is a great km, an ' "T2t
th. whole community. Tue V"'" .
m.rjy bearing of Cap- St.plos """
havo rn.de them very pooch with , U
public, and it anrvemlly kotxi W
rary lo- of the Pacific win a b. tb.-"-removuig
,,e .nUJl-
XT W. are smd oWitt
Ncjmith !r pub!i doewnra'4
m IV amy