THE OK BOON AHGUS
BY 0. W. BAIU.
o-rfftfiJ OF SUBSCRIPTION.
n.Wr ' t"' "''
f"' .1 i J af I. Mar
af flft If""" " V
r0t D,llari mill thargiiar tit awniils
Ji w.f""" rtctittdv If period.
' JV f"r iitetnlinuti MtH til trrtnragit
artfi. "'" '"r" j r '
T"- Forlki Argni.
; Th CMU' Vvlta.
.' A I ittle girl run wildly
Down when ll willow im brnda,
And, mh ro, tnbb. d wildly,
I hi frtamU."
, Off lb grcn turf
fly Ih rif-id,
Tlior 'Ik wopt.
ft, birJs, m7 waraieu, new,
Pm Mlrr, M il riowtd by her, murinurg.l, Uert,'
Tb wiudi M il funned her hut chetlt, wheroij,
'' All snjel flow III at way,
. : ' Klrw frm Purad.w,
. And bruahed from hr weiry eye
', Tin pearly iar away.
A tin' f'fl l"p wtfily
: )nwa whet lb wilkv.re btndt,
,' Ad ll'P'i drarniM iwmly j
Jlu ill no friviiUa t
r. i.
Win on thc Crisis It is quite re
freshing to hear Seautor Wade on tlie ub
serbing topic. He swcors in frond round
Anxlo Saxon, with characteristic vehe
mDce. rounding off hi periods with a rintr
cf tabooed expletive which would startle
the piety of old-fashioned Psuliu-smgera.
Hesays, " the Republican party won its tri
umph upon distinct principle, open and
clearly announced from erery mump in tlie
country, and dd if they shall budge on
inch." lie arraigns the President Tor gen
eral imbecility, npon the secession question
particularly. H uy " if the President
denied the right of secession, why didn't he
hold his tongue and quietly transfer troops
to Charleston, where, if it should liuie
proved neressnry, ho could have used them,
without disturbing the nation? It would
Jure been merely changing the soldiers'
boarding-house. And if South Curolimi
had been Inquisitive, an answer might
hare been (riven which she would bare
readily comprehended." He is bitter upon
the course of the South towards Northern
tun in her jurisdiction, saying that " if the
British should hang a Ynnkec because he
is a Yankee, there would be wnr in two
honrs: bat the South hangs scores of men,
and they beg us to conciliate 'them." He
is willing to do anything that is ritrht, but
will submit to uothiitjr wroiir. When se
cession conies up in the Senute, "old Den
Wiide" will "talk out in inectiu'." A7.
Louit Democrat.
No STRvcnxiNR is Whiskv. At a
niet'tin;' of the American Phnrmnccutical
Association, of New York, a paper was
read by Mr. Carney, of Boston, on the
frsuds and d'C ption practiced on the public
by adulteration of dm;;. In ore popular
idea, however, says the report, -there is a
jrent error in regard to the strychnine in
whisky. ' In a lurc number of whisky an
my's made duriiij; the past year, we have
not been able to detect, in a sin'lo instance,
(lie presence of the least truce of strychnine,
nnil we hnvo not been oblo to nsevrtuin,
from any reliable source, tlmt the practice
flfuMiij; strychnine in whisky is ever fol
lowed. The fact, nlsn, that one part of
strychnine will impart a sensible bitterness
to 600,000 parts of water would seem to
preclude its being used for that purpose.
' Tub Message in the Housk. The St.
Lauis Democrat snys: There was an im
pressive scene in the House, universally re-'
marked by reflecting men, and it intensified
tlie current gloom. It is the practice for
the Chuirnun ot Committee on Ways and
Means to offer resolutions referring different
parts of tho message to appropriate stand
in coiniuittccs. These resolutions gen
. erally open debates which extend through
an entire Congress. Most of the buncombe
resolutions are thrown on the House on
such occasions. For the first time in forty
jean, not one word of debate, not a res
olution was offered, but a long string of
referring resolutions, presented by Sher
man, were adopted in silence. Sherman
tveu attempted to provoke debate, but was
unsuccessful. G row's homestead bill wus
pat through by a sectional vote. The pen
wn appropriation and Military Academy
appropriation bills were put throngh in like
manner. This, is significant. Senator Ba
iter, of Oregon, arrived to-day, and attract
ed much attention.
-
- OiRiBAi.Di.Th8 New York Tribune
Myi: Garibaldi has resigned his Dictator
ship into the hands of Victor Emanuel,
nd gone home to his rude farm on the
little island of Caprera. Alter uniting
: Sicily and Naples, with their nine millions
f people, to the Italian Kingdom, the
Liberator returns to the simplicity of his
peaceful seclusion, refusing both wealth
d titles, enriched in nothing but glory,
d the mingled admiration and affection
f the world. ' If history records anywhere
the life f a hero more disinterested, more
more faithful, endowed with more
Mbstantial magnanimity or a more sublime
iiaplicity of character, we do not know it.
ItTy may well leek on him with pride and
gratitude, but he belongs to hums ait y even
W than he belnnps to her.
Cjurrnavu Legislature. Don Pablo
4 la G (terra baa been elected President of
the Senate, receiving the vot of all the
Republicans, all tho Breckinridge Demo-
CTits, and eight or nine Douglasites in all
2. Waikins (Dong. Dem.) received 10
,'otea. Don Pablo has represented Santa
. Barbara county ever since the State organ
. "'. He is an honorable, high-minded
tenileioan, and his clectioo was intended as
' waplimwit to tho aative population.-
f ife
A Weekly Newspupr, devoted to the Interests of tbo Laboring Classes, and advocating the
Vol. VI.
latU Vlrw r Hlavarjr.
ii.Tu.x;hT--;iA:: ma
" A knJ ire oanum briny fur.h evil fruit."
Our last sketch left thu reader on one
of the plantations of Mr L. of Louisiana,
the first one on which the writer was ever
employed as a mechanic. This was con-
sidered on ef the best managed plantations
in the parish, for which no small part of
.i ri!.-..: ..... .
Hie credit was due to the Intelligence, skill
and business energy of his -faithful overseer
by whom his slaves were well fed, well
clothed, well honied, well cared for in
sickness and in the tender age of Infancy as nothing of the kind is included in their
ami chilhood; and, it may be added, wit allowance. A lurge gourd serves them for
wtrktd, and wll jloyytd for any delinqnen- a bucket, a small one for a dipper; a rude
cy or slackness. i ly constructed bench or a stool, for a chair,
Tho all 'Wiinco of food for each working and a like rude construction or a box for
slave was half a pound of pork a day, ' a table. Their lodging is either on the
tuken with corn brcud audwater at break- floor, wrapped in their blank -t, or In a
fast, with the addition of vegetables for rough bunk framed into a comer of their
dinner. These meals are taken in the field cabins, or on Master's old east off bedstead,
as described in a former number. Their beds if any are nbln to obtain that
On this plantation there were 120 to luxury consist mostly of corn shucks rn
130 cotton pickers to be thus fed, besides closed in n t ck of old cotton sack, or the
the infirm, the small children and others patched fragments of their tattered gar
that were at home in their quarters. The ments, while a very few who haro means
food wus prepared at tho slaves' quurters
by the conk, who provided the aggregate
allowance for the whole gang, divided into
as ninny equal parts as the gang numbered,
Tho slaves provide themselves with tin
buckets or gourds, according to their means,
in which to receive respectively their allow-
ancc, ns it is dealt out to families and in-
dividuuk The allowance fur supper, ns
before noticed, was simply corn bread and
water, the slaves sometimes reserving a
portion of the pot-liquor, which comes with
their breakfast and dinner, to sop their
bread iu ut night. The supper is the only
meal taken nt their quarters.
This is what is called good feeding, in
Southern parlance. .
For summer clothing the men received
each one cheap palmetto hat, one Lowell cot-!
tan shirt, two paiis of Lowell cotton punts,
one pair of shoes; tho women, one cotton j
handkerchief, one cotton under garment,
two cotton couts, of five yards each, and '
one pair of shoes. For winter, tho men
received each, two cotton shirts, one linsey
woolsey jacket, one pair of p ints of the
same cloth, one pair of shoes, mid once in
two years, a cheap cotton felt hat. The
Winter allowance for the women was one
cotton head linmlkercliief, two cotton under
garments, one liusey-wnolscy coat, and one
puir of shoes. Skirts they make for them
selves, if they have thrm, by patching tlie
fragments of woru out clothes. Each
working slave was allowed one cheap
blanket every second year.
On Monday morning they were all re
quired to turn out with their cotton clothes
well washed, or receive twenty-five lashes.
Sunday is their washing day. Some, how
ever, take thc night for it after their day's
work is completed. The rule for feeding
and clothing varied, I found, on different
well-regulated plantations. Some furnish
only one cotton under garment in the Tall,
no shoes iu the spring, uud bread, meat
and vegetables for dinner only. Others
give out their allowance on Sunday for the
whole week, which consists of three and a
half pounds of meat, uud a peck of corn J
meal, which the slaves cooked for them-
selves nt night. This was, however, found .
to be bad economy, inasmuch ns the labor j
of cooking encroached upon their needful
hours of rest, and thus impaired their health
and strength and their productive power.
It was therefore sujierseded on large and
well regulated plantations, by a common
cooking establishment where the meals were
well cooked and at seasonable hours, by an
old and experienced slave.
Planters generally worked their slaves
from day-break until dark, with no other
intermission lima the short time required
for a hasty breakfast and dinner; except
tlmt during a part of June and July, up to
tho timo of cotton gathering, a recess or
two hours in thc midst of the day was al
lowed them.
Mr. L.'s slaves were also comfortobly
housed. Their quarters consisted of small
one-story frame tenements of two rooms
eoch-to accommodate two families-j
-i.h . el.imnev in the centre. They are
weather boarded, and have a tight board
floor a comfort with which negro quar-
tcrs are not always fnrnished-Vut w.li.out oi emu.oi.on, . u,-r-.ru .uU..u, .
ceiling lining or windows, except wooden mon to all the overseers in tlmt region,
shutters. Tliese buildings, arranged in two which mad- them furious Jehus at slave
or more rows, extending from the overseer's driving. Tlrs may be sport, or at lea
bouse at the head of the street which di -
vides the rows, to the black driver's house.
wth front, the .treet at the writ. end.
placed at equal distances from each Other,
' 1 . . ... ,. t..
r nnifarm st vie and size, all
lllic-waniic
nresent to tlie beholder
. .1.. k..l.nM..r an attractive aD-
-present iu - r
pearance, somewhat resembling a
wna vew-rii...i.i8 -
lira v
New England village. -Md W
r the slaves on Mon-
cleanly appearance oi v.'
day morning, w in inr ,
racmao. - fl ,
specimen of ir. ao Savor's
"beaotirul Mtward. u
" whtted leyuVcwrv ! xr 1
ciepit t$m
OUKGON CITY, OREGON, JANUARY 26,
show of order and beauty, however, that!
i w-.nu
he about as mtionul as a I ke conclusinn
drawn from the nppesrauce of the splendid
edifice which coctumi the manacled pris-
oner.
Such were the negro qunrlcrs on the
best regulated plantations in the region
where I resided. On other places they
were mean, uncomfortable hi cabins, with
nothing but the ground for a floor.
As to furniture, it is such as the slaves
ran make a shift to provide for themselves,
purchase new ticking. A wooden tray, of
the;r own manufacture, subserves the double
purpose of platter mid plate for the fum'ly
table, mid in eating they illustrate the com-
mon saw that " fingers were made before
forks and hands also before knives and
spoons." O.ie knife for a family either
pocket or cuse-knife, is uho.it as indipeiisn-
hie as tanning tools on a plantation. Iu
the furniture of diff rent cabins, however,
there are grades of variety and style, as
wrll as in the furniture of any other com-
muiiiiy; each family providing itself with
couveuiencies and elegancies, such as knives
and forks, and plates ami dishes of eroeke-
ry or tin ware, as means permit and taste
dictates. Such cooking .implements as n
pot, kettle or sk lh t, are among their rari-
ties; the embers of the hearth for their ash-
d the hoe for baking hoe-cake, sub-
serve tho most ol their rooking purposes on
plantations where they have no geuerul
cooking establishment.
For washing, u tub, block, a paddle,
besides a streuui, hike, or bayou, answers
every purpose. The fira of the hearth
serves them In thc place ol lamps orcumlles.
Their fuel they gather uud cut for them
selves, when timber land is near, or have il
hauled by the teamster when it is fur off.
Tuo blnves' pecuniary menus are derived
Irnin a variety of sources: such as raising
chickens, working lor wages on Sunday
when work crowds, cultivating patches of
their own on Sundays an indulgence with
which overseers sometimes stimulate their
best slaves and female prostitution, in
which 1 ne many ol the fairest of the sex do
a very profitable business with overseers,
and mechanics on the plantation, and
wealthy paramours.
Sunday is the slave's own day, on all
well regulated plantations, except so much
of it us their owner may require of them for
washing uud mending clothes, sharpening
and repairing tools, and other necessary
preparations for plantation work of the tie-
suing week, which must not be interrupted
by these incidental avocstimis. Whatever
work of their own they have to do must
also be done on this day, for the six days'
labor, from early dawn to the shutting
down of night, is all claimed by their owner.
The Lord's day is the slave's day, in which
to la' air and do all his own work (and
some of his master's), while the six are
consecrated days consecrated exclusively
to tho service of bis earthly owner. The
Snbbuth is the day fur him to work for
wages, cultivate his own patch, gather
moss for the market, market his chickens
and his little crop of fruit and vegetables,
and fit up or repair the rnde comforts of
his own cabin. All this work of his own
and his master's, crowded upon the single
day, makes it a poor day of rest for the
slave.
On another of Mr. L.'s well managed
plantations where I was likewise employ
ed ns a mechanic Mr. O. was overseer.
i who had the reputation of being also an
excellent manager. Indeed it was in all
respects similar to the management of the
overseer on me nrw nameu F.11Ui.w,., --
tween whom there wns a cons tint strife to
out lo each other at cropping. This spirit
. i . f r. - r ...,l ...iin.
". to me i-om,i..on., ..ut m.u.-r..w
rw to their panting hum.., teams. t
that they are regard!, of tho hfe and
bea-tn or meir s ave,. , ney are
in ten them iii eood condil.011 as to get
I
" the last lick" of woik out of them, for
one is su'ervient to the oilier. Their am-
, t0 ,. nlittr Their am-
j
- .
" " '
I . . . 1 . . T V .,. ih...
ainonni or gain to iiie.rriupiujn
obtain for themsel.es good sitnatioos and;
-ric, Ml.ries; and. 1 ke the stock-growing
Utmr. theT think as mu -h of improving,
the tIih of the pUuU-r's hunuo stock, ai
Jfopin art soared to make!
I
the negroes strong and healthy, and to
rear a numerous and vigorous offspring.
In the latter respect their cure Is often ex
cessiveI mean excessively severe. Mr.
Q, the overseer last named, told me that
his rule was to give a slave mother on
hundred lashes, If she lost her chd I; as if a
mother's affection were not Inducement
enough to secure watchfulness and ciir, on
her part, and a mother's anguish at the
death of her darling, not sufficiently intense,
without the addition of this terrible scourg
ing! "O, Sluvt-ryl thou art a bitter
draught!"
Mr. G.'s care of the health and condi
tion of his negroes did not spare their hidrs,
as their scarred backs gave unmistakable
proof. I noticed on the plantation he
maunged, a large number of slaves who
hud been so cut up with the lush that their
bucks were m irked with scars and welts
from their shoulders to their heels. I was
surprised and shocked at the amount of
whipping which I witnessed myself on this
plantation. I rode out, one day, with the
overseer, to their field of labor. They
were cutting timber and getting out rails.
A numlicr of them, whose movement did
not please him, were ordered to shell off
und come down, to have their activity
quickened with tbo driver's excruciating
lash.
One Sunday morning I witnessed a pun
ishment of a very d. (Trent kind. The vig
ilant overseer had, the night before, c.i light
a slave in the act of cooking a pig he
had stolen. Ha was immediately taken to
the stocks, and there fastened by the neck
till thu next morning. After breakfast the
overseer ordered his black driver to bring
the culprit to his house, along with the pot
of pig he had cooked.
" Shell off your clothes, sir, and sit
down!"
The poor fellow trembled and rolled
his eyes iu a wild manner, as if watching
an opportunity to break away. But the
presence ol the driver, with his heavy load
ed whip ready to knock him down, if he
uiado the attempt, precluded all hope of
escape, i lie overseer taunted him, and
biulo him help himself to the contents of
the pot as fast as possible. When he ceas
ed, because he could eat no more, the raw
hide was applied to his bare back, and the
meat, grease and soup, were forced down
him until his abused stomach disgorged its
contents. This only aggravated his pun
ishment, as hn was compelled to swallow
ngaiu what his stomach threw tiff, and this
process of vomiting and swallowing it again
was continued, alternated with scourging,
nntil it seemed as if the poor fvilow would
die under the operation.
Another method of punishment for a
like offense was adopted by Mr. M., the
overseer of Col. B. The pig-stealer was
compelled to wear a hum of fresh pork lush
ed to his shoulders likw a knapsack, with
out nny relief from the burden, night or
day, until the flesh dropped from the bones.
The sickening stench of the putrid meat
which the victim wns compelled perpetuiil
ly to inhale, and the annoymice of the
swarms of flics which it attracted, in fly
time, (tn say nothing of the flocks of buz
zards which I have seen besetting the poor
fellow. ) rendered this the most intolerable
punishment! Ho might well exclaim: " O
wretched man that I am, who shall deliver
me from this body of death!"
The overseer on another plantation
boasted to his brother overseers, that he
had compelled a slave to eat the whole of
a duck whiih he hud stolen, feathers, en
trails, everything but the wings, who ap
plauded him for his skill in managing nig
gers. The same overseer once drove a
slave into the river where he was drowned.
He became notorious, indeed, for his out
rages upon the defenseless blacks. But he
liore the character of " an excellent croji
;er, who could make a nigger travel about
right." Thi alone was sufficient to cover
a multitude of sins. Mammon is a cruel
god, when humanity crosses his path; it is
then he becomes a Moloch.
Another of the legitimate effects oi
slavery was exhibited on Mr. L.'s third
plantation; in which the overseer suspend
ed a slave by his thumbs and great toil to
the limb of a peach tree, and whipped litio
to death. To escape punish men t, he
crossed over into Mississippi, and remained
there until the grand jury had finished their
rejtort of criminal cases for the next court.
This case excited a great deal of sympathy
iu the neighborhood, not for tho poor mur
dered slave, but for the murderer, because
he was comjielled by this unhappy occur
rence to leave a good situation, while his
employer kept back his wages to indemnify
himself for the property he had thus lost
Jobs Holes.
MB. VI Im. IH. Vam 1 - . I. .
a. ... .,nlu Uio umi um
Lieut. Mnllan of tho Wagon Road Exih
diiiou. sailed ou the Pacific en route for
V ash.ngtou City,
He hopes to return In
tho spring to proaecuu bis enterprise
Hiroojtb U Jtockj mounW I
side of Truth in every iswue,
1 801.
No. 42.
Ihf Vlrr aa Him f RetatatUa.
The Rchmoud (Va.) Whig, speaking
of secession und its consequences, says
" That Is the cu. They propose to give
you a tasu or Mr. lance) medicines. It
will be a nice little ofa-ratioo. Sowing
wheat is tiotlimg to marking time and
walking sentry at two o'clock in the night
under a drizzling ram. Slim king corn It
Out coin pi red to a charge of bayonets.
You also will make your arrangements
to have your barnyards lit up at night with
the fm of revolution. Set your boots nt
the head of the bed, fr at any moment
the same Ores may lie sputtering and crack
ling on the roof of your d wi lling-house.
Glistening bayonets on the south bank
of tho Potorauu in front burning straw
ricka aud burning lions' s behind yon-
something worse that, perhaps, in the
shupe of death produced by Invisible end
uneoiilrontuiile agencies the state de
prived of its lalair those laborers escaping
by hundreds, or sold at hulf their value in
the South your fields unplowrd your
public works ruined laud depressed to the
lowest figure Statu (tmks, Insurance
stocks, Bank stocks, Railroad stocks,
liaakedata mere song these would be
the immediate effects of the ' Fire and
Sword,' which Gov. Wise proposes Iu his
2Vor:olk speech.
A peaceable dissolution of the Union is
sometimes suggested.
Let us allow thut the result could be
effected ieaceably.
The next thing wo should want would
be a standing army. IV John Brown
nff iir cost us $300,000. Muke the calcu
lation. Yon would mniutain a line of posts all
along your frontier.
You would ulso want a navy, though
Norlolk produces only a few fishing smacks,
except the vessels Lu.lt there by order or
the Government.
You would pay a Southern President
with all the ordinary government officials.
Yon would pay a d plomutie corps.
lou would have to pay Tor uu indepen
dent Senate und House of Representatives,
and for a new Judiciary.
Perhaps you think all this would be
reud.ly managed. They tell yon, you are
rich. We tell you, thut no purely agricul
tural people ever wus rich. The wealth of
Philadelphia alone is equal to the entire
wealth of the State of Virginia.
Take the postnffico alone. The total
receipts from the postoffu-cs iu Virginia for
1857-58 wir $242,951. The expendi
tures were $453,848. In South Carolina
thu receipts were $101,145. The expendi
tures were $284,000. In Alabama, the
receipts were $1 1 1,002. The expenditures
were 1240,750. In iMississmpi, the re
ceipts were $88,458. The expenditures
were $332,508. In Arkansas the receipts
were $35,727. The expenditures were
$244,589. How is this deficiency made
up now? Part of it is made up thus: The
receipts in the State of New York are
$1,458,711; the expenditures are $ 1, 154,
111. Iu Massachusetts the receipts are
$5G5,G33; the expenditures are $435,237.
In most of the Northern States there is u
deficit. But in all the Southern States thu
deficit is enormous. Tho whole Northern
deficit is some $800,000. Tho whole
Southern deficit is some $3,000,000.
Suppose, however, the Civil War dis
posed of. Suppose the new government
established. Suppose us with our army,
our navy, our lort.llculions. buppose us
to havii survived tlie shock, with some
slaves left, and our depreciated lands.
What thenr We belong to it Southern
Confederacy. The Cotton States begin an
agitation for the re-opening of the slave
trade, or some coolie system. Our re
maining negroes nre to compete, if they
succeed in their schemes, with the new
labor. At all events, we are to be arc
tiou a section as regards the Cotton
States, wh;ch has no trade with tho other
section. e are still to have sectional
quarrels. There are still to bo charges
ami countercharges aggrei sions uiul coan-ter-aggressious.
Wu have not conquered
peace.
We have now two sections to plugu ns.
On the frontier we have to guard against
the North. On the South we have to
meet the extreme views of tna Gulf States.
After a while, perhaps, Virginia would
have lost her slaves, and she, with Ken
tucky, Maryland, Missouri, would be an
auti slavery section in tlie Southern Repub
lic.
If any one can find a remedy In a
Southern Confederacy, we see with differ
ent eyes.
It does not follow from the picture
we have drawn, that wears insensible to
the import of Lincoln's election. No one
deprecates more the ruccess of a scctionul
party on a sectional issue. No one at
taches more importance to the idea of the
Smith's being placed iu a provincial relu
lion to the government.
Our oj ct is to point out the breakers,
that are to be encountered, if we seek rev
olution. The whole qnrstinn is, whether it is best
to try snch a medicine.
Revolution, in our opinion, is destruction.
We ure not ready for ruin. Wo do not
think the case as bad as that. When, as
at the Alamo, it is necessary for Virginia
to place her back to tho wall, and to have
as her only object tho destruction of the
greatest possihle number of her enemies,
iM-tore siw nerseii sinks under a muitituua
of wounds, we trust that every son of Vir
ginia will die with honor. Until this dps-
per a to alternative presents itself, we are
Tor maiutuimng the present Uoveroincnc.
Pr.xir.n. Bayard Taylor has written a
letter to the Ne York Journal of Com
merce, denying that he wroU the letter at
tributed to him, which praised the Papal
Ooveromrnt as a mild and benevolent one.
Hia opinion is the reverse of that, and he
pronounce toe fcitof a forgery, and not
hi irrt oso at bit expewe, eitber. , i
RATIW OK ADVERTISING t
One Ha" (tKa Ihw or I, brevier awawirel
on iiwtriiaa..; S M
K ub tultMNjiiaiil inMrrtioa.... I 00
Jtutiuwaeinlieneyrtr DO la)
' A litrtial dmlueiioa will b Mied la tkM Lf
aJviilt-by tbear. .
tW The MiiaiUf of luwriloet tiou(d be ante J
ilia Riarfla nf an sdvrtisRitnt, othatai It
will ba ubiUh4 till forbidden, sad ahargW o-
eord Hly.
tW Obituary nolle will U shargoj Lslf lb
abm niimf adi'niiiif.
tU'J'ii 1'ammo tMcuttd aiib malum sad
diwiiili.
I'lymni fr J Printing mmt 4 f tn
d'lirtrv ml lkt irirk.
Tub Fokti it Ciuhitstok. The ilirr
cvry ut Charleston don't l.ko the way Mej.
Anderson is putting the forts In order rear
thut city. It is said that already the'cMv-
airy ore becoming fuint heorttd in vkw
of the consequences of attempting to take
Fort Moultrie. MJ. Anderson is a Ken-
tuckian, aud is determined to nialutuiii the
Fort at every hazard. The Mercury snyis
The silent energy with which woik !
now bring pushed forward upon the fortifi
cations erected for the protection of the
harbor of Charleston, is something at one
new and extraordinary. Until Into in tho
past summer, the diffuse at Fort .Moultrie
have rvmuimd in an unfinished condition:
the sand of the leach, piled up by t he-
winds against the south walls, had rendered
thrm easily accessible, almost by a single
leap, and tlx empty guus were suffered to
gaze out In heriulih majesty on the noble
my. A fortnight has worked a niurvvlou
change.
Fort Moultrie It an enclosed wuter Ut
terv, haviug a front on the south, or water
tide, of about 300 feet, aud a depth o(
about 240 ruct. It is built with salient
aud re-entering angles on all tides,
aud Is admirably adapted for defense, either
from the attack of a storming party, or by
regular approaches.
1 he win k now in progress consists in
denning the saudt from tbo wulli of the
fort, ditching it around the entire circum
ference, and erecting a glucis; closing up
the postern gates in tho cast aud west
walls, and instead cutting sally-ports, which
lead into strung outworks on the southeast
and southwest angles, in which 12-pounder
howitzer guns will be placed, enabling the
gsrrii-on to sweep the ditch on three sides
with grupe and cnuisUr. The northwest
angle of the fort has ulso been strengthened
by a bustiont-tte, to sustain the weight of a
heavy gun which will command the main
street of tlie island.
The glacis is fin'shed. It is composed
of wind, and covered with layers of loum
and turf, all of which Is kept firmly in
place by the addition of sections of plunk
imiled to uprights sunk in the sum, and
crossing each other at right angles mak
ing squares of about ten feet each. The
purpose of the Rlucis, which is en inclined
plane, is to expose in uttnekiug parly to
the fire of the guns, which are so plucid as
lo sweep it from the crest of the counter
scarp to the edge of the beach. !
On thu north side a good many men are
cleuriiig thu rn mparts of turf aud earth, for
the purpose of putting down a very ugly
((Hiking arrangement, which consists of
strips of plank 4 inches wide nnd 1 inches
thick, and 0 or 8 feet long, sharpened at
the point, und nailed down so as to project
about threu feet horizoutully from the top
of the walls.
A noticeable fact in the ba.tionettcs to
which we have alluded, is tho haste in
which one of them has been built. The
one completed is formed of solid masonry.
Iu constructing the other, however, a
framework of plunk has been substituted.
Against the iusido of this wooden outwork
loosu bricks have been pluccd. Both bus
liouettcs are iirincd with n small curronadc,
uud a howitzer pointed luterully, so as to
command the whole iutcrveniug uioat by a
cross-fire.
In thc hurried execution of theso exten
sive improvements, a largo force about
170 men are constantly engaged. Addi
tions are daily made to this number, aud
the work of putting the post in tho best
possible condition lor defense is carried on
with almost incredible vigor.
A f w days ago, Col. Gardner, who for
years hus held the post of Commutidimt,
und whose courtesy and lies ring hnd wou
the friendship of all who knew him, wus
relieved in tho command by MuJ. Ander
son, of Kentucky. MnJ. Anderson receiv
ed his first commission ns Brevet Second
Lieutenant 2d Artillery, July 1, 1825, wns
acting Inspector-General in tho Black
Iluwk war, and received tho rank of Bre
vet Cuptain, August, 1838, for his success
ful conduct in the Florida war. On Sept.'
8, 1847, he whs made Brevet Major for
his gullaut and meritorious conduct In tho
battle of Molino del Rey. The force un
der him consists of two componirs of ortil
le ry thu companies nre not full, however,'
both embracing only about 70 men.
While the working men nro doing won
ders on the outside, the soldiers within are
by no means idle. Field pieces huvo been
placed iu position upon the green within
the fort, nnd nono of the expedients of
military engineering havo licen ueglccted
to make the position os strong ns possible.
It is said that the greatest vigilance Is ob
served in every regulation at this time, and
that the gun nro ngulurly shotted every
night. It is very certain that ingress is no
longer an easy ninttcr for an outsider.
The fort is seven miles from the city.
Fort Sampler, n solid work cf masonry,
stands in the middle of the harbor, on tho
edge of the ship channel, and Is snid to bo
bomb-proof. It is at present without any
regular garrison. There Is a lurge force of
workmen some 150 In all busily em
ployed in mounting the gum and otherwise
putting this great strtrgctie;ioilitin order.
The armumcnt consists of 140 guns, many
of them being tlie formidable ten-Inch
" Columbinds," which throw cither shot or
shell, and which have a fearful range.
Castle Pinckney is situated near the city,
but hus never been considered of much con
sequence a a fortress. About 15 gun
mount the parapets. There is now no gar
rison at this post; only one or two watch
men, who have charge of the harbor light.
t& The British Colonist, published at
Victoria, terms the prospective dissolution
of the American Union " the world's ca.
lamiij."
ter The General Lend Office h issued
a patent to authorities in Portland, Oregon,
for 820 acres, a ad providing for copflicting
elsisit of other portleo. .'
" iMnoerat.