THE OREGON. ARGUS,
ADVKKTISINQ M1TJB.
On square (13 lines or 1) on iii'tninn, (A,C0
" two insertions, 4,00
m iliive iiist'rtiona, S.C0
Each subsequent insertion, M0
Reasonable deduciions to ihus who adcrti hy
th yrar.
JOB PBISTISC
Tin raori(To ur Tin ARCl'S' is lurrr
to inform the pnh!ic thut Ii has jiurt received a
large stork of J 111 TVl'K and ether new pr lit
inn nmh rnl, and will ha in the S eedy reoe pt o
ad lilions sui rd to all the n qiiiiemmls of ih's If
tal ly. HANIHtll.IX. lOMKIIR, I'.I ANKB,
CAl.DS, fllltri.AltH, PAMI'IILUT-WOUK
and oilier kiu.l. dune tn i.rdrr. on rhurt rot ice.
a.
it
rVtLimllU IVCSV atTUSDAV muixino,
T. BY WILLIAM L. ADAMS.
TNRNSTki A a u i will hi furniihid at
fiutt iiotuvi ma ruiy man t'r annum, m
advance, ti tinili iiibi:ribrriTkrei Oollun
" iitk U eluhi if tm at am ificein udvanci
tWkin tkl money ii not paid in advanii, Pour
.(.... ...; I. .a i :f .....i -:-
A Weekly Newspaper, devoted to the Principles of Jeffersonian Democracy, and advocating tlie side of Truth iu every issue.
Vol. IV,
OREGON CITY, OREGON, JANUARY 8, 1 850.
No. 30.
0
' month), and Pin dollin at the inrlnf ihi year.
f" Tmi Dullnri far lit montkiNo eubecrii-
'1 tinned fur a leu period.
0f So paaer discontinued until all arrearage!
art paid, unliit at tkiaplionaf the puhlieker.
tii n , A DolU UU
Where ere ill swallows fleJ t
Krimn and dead,
t FmvIimm upon Mnie bleak and stormy tWa.
O doubling ham !
Fur over purpla seus,
at ivU hay walii in ninny ease,
.Th balmy southern breeze,
Ta bring llu-m to tlwir uonl.em home one more
Why muni the flowers die T
.V.: Prisoned they lie
A the wlii m.ub. weodleae of team or ruin.
V (Mlii,g liean I . , , . t!
They only sleep b low (
'The soft whhcenniM) snow, '
art r While hit. r winds nhi.ll blow,
JabraalU ud em I upon jou soon again.
Th. sun hie hid It my
.nw 'flieie m-niy days j
o-yHrdicniy Iioiii noref IrnT the enrthf
OdoUfciilgheirtt: J '..
sr -Th. stormy ciouds on high
(. .nVi'it Ummiii eunnyeky
I 'ih it wm (fur pMiK b iiijh)
Shall u nite the summer into gulden mirth.
WlftpTIMrYrnn! light
' Is quem bed hi iiigl.l. ' '
"What sound can brwik the silence of despair? "
I'Odoiiblliighe.irtl
J i-The' iky ta iiven-ast,
Yet atura shall rh at last,
"-" Brltflllirflir darkness p-iat, ' "
And auels' aitnar wioes stir the sir.
-. i'--m v" Adelaide Anne Proctor.
N'xii-:: ii i . .
'I'mil- i 'i . For tlie Argue.
' Bhfrf-UHln la Oregon.
ve) r -...i n i SlLVERTON, DoC. 10, 1858.
Mft.'Enrtoni Some time ago I noticed a
j etwrt paragraph in tho Argus In relation to
the to price of wool, and tlic consequent
, Jeiiuia from eight to six dulltirs per Lea J in
the price, of stock sheep. It wus tlio first
,'ilitiimitioii. we lind of the deprcciution in
ralae of that kind of fitock, end it was
Jpytei iijipit with somo degree of distrust,
npotiolly ns we had len beset ulmoat diti
JJjf j Juijiortunate sliccp-huyers who were
willing to give' as high on ten dollars for
good hculthj ewes. I say healthy ewes,
- to distinguish them from the seaUiy shi'Cp
'w.'iV licrc froni Pugul Sound. Our op'n'oa
ia thut'akeepare iuMitore pcueral dt inand
thttti' at atiy time since 1851, and that too
'mn tf(C ilaqc of, the 6ald low price of wool as
gnaged- hy tlio ' Factory Company.' 1k
;JbrQ.th'e estiiljl'stimctit of the Woollen Fac
torr,'tlio deiimnd for wool was limited to
fthb wants of a fev families, who, more
"iitfcwd and ' priictleul than the rest,' pcr-
tcired the advantage in making their own
"woollen clothing and Bulwtituting wool for
fcatheiis In making beds; consequently the
" juicy varied niueH'nceording to" loL-ulitj,
from five" to twenty-five cents per pound.
Hivfe teen Informed tliutlu Umpq'uiv mid
vUie.goutli-eud, of this valley it was worth
nfctWhgj-uiul that Jt was either suffiTod to
,-iWWih8ijhcep, or, was stowed away
ia out-liousi'S or old sheds, without any
.,)r).)ect lf receiving' a penny for the accu
jnulated clVplngs 'or several year3. Now
.wfhareijja market for all the wool grown
VtheT tritory at from 15 to IT cents per
pound in tlio dirt and 25 tents per pound
for wnsWd wool'. I ' atn informed 'by the
superintendent of the-Factory, Mr. Pratt,
'tliaiBol aa it is generally delivered to him
los&fcoa'rlyWe half In tagging and wash-
yia$ 15 cents in the axt is auout as
ti goodaa30 cento .for washed, taking into
account the expense of washing. '
Jsfft 52"Jp.v' eve? yield soma over 5 lbs.
heak mine Mast year sheared Oj ms.,
lien OnJiliTiil wu "- -
the Factory,- a profit of 10J per cent.;
wethers bring about eight pounds per head:
.,$1,24 each, or 25 per cent. Hut eveu in a
"Voiimrv 'well supplied with sheep, wool is
"io't the ehly profit to be derived from sheep-
?I'ltton, Iho highest priced meat
' ttu maiVt generally, is here worth from teu
to twelve eents per pound. Accordingly, a
''tk Pro:luce of ew
,'wirtM3,luJS ftora $5 to $6, or equal
!! .'. h'L aeotiut of tk scarcity of sliccp on
tbe Pae'iic coast, and the consequent de
J'ttttA'i Wcq, arises the great profit 'nt
uresent In Wbreeding. I append a tab-
.Jar statement for the perusal of Oregon
iiiiitti tAing a flock of '.'ten ewes as a ba-
a -pf-calculation, .and reckoning a ewe
Mrt,i.'.W,,o.! as an old slieep, as they have
ortw.'at jeajf'oU,'' aid "wnaldcnMH mt
one . year i generally consumed in getting
xttimwiJor-mfik'.ud M be
(-Qis(oote4 froni tbe value, w? Iiove aeat
10 ewes, a ?5 pw . ;
t lncrease7-5 ewe lamhs, at $a,
7TT i 5 Aether lambs, at f 5,
Jt joyieece of old ewes, 50 lbs., at 16c.
$40
25
. 8
.0 i i i 1 1 i ' ;
- $73
Bv perusing the table, it will be observed
that the per cent, ia 91, and that, allowing
16 per cent, for loss and expenses, there is
J5 per cent neat.; Generally, the loss of
"iambs t eweinfo and by other casn.ltxs, is
wTwutegoodby twins and ewe.ng twin ft
rear ' Last year, sixty ewes produced for
eighty-five lambs, and commonly we can
"'reckon one lamb tor each ewe for all flocks
. tad ona hundred in number. There art
"' few facts or circnmstancca peculiar to Or
mod fti weU w to sbcep, which it would be
rorth our time to notice.
"ia pasture ta short and dry as to be on-
'St fin 7 otbcr ,tock lbwp W'U Ute Wld
, . ,,xhy do not, notwtWanding
4t 4A i i t a,1. 1. , AitJ
within the last three years for want of feed
in winter, but not one sheep. Sheep arc
not subjected to fie scours hero as tiny are
in tho States on account of the change from
five months dry feeding to that of the green
grass in spring. A sheep-r.ck is a raro
sight in Oregon, though a great pest on the
other side the Itovky Mountains.
The age
to which sheep will yield an undiminished
profit is nearly doubled here. They pro-
duce moro increase, moro tallow, more mut
ton,, and moro wool tlinn iu tho States,
where they aro considered among the most
profitable stock iu tlio country,
Iu conclusion, let mo ask why Oregon is
nut as well adapted to sheep-raising, wool
growing, and the manufacturing of woollen
goods as any other country under the sun.
, Yours truly, , T. W. Davenpoht.
' For Hit Argui.
' ' Murder.
First, I wish it understood that I do not
solicit tho attention of any one who does
not believe in the existence of a soul and
human righto beyond our 'social compact';
for to such I could but hope to render my-.
self odious before concluding. ..
About tho time settlement commenced
in tho Umpqua valley, a fumily, or small
society of Indians, comprising in all three
inen, their squaws, and children, seceding
from a band of Iudinns, known ns the
Wuudcring Tlickitats; olid Dick Johnson
as their leader, expressing a strong desire
to abandon the Indian mode of life, and be
come a 'Boston,' as he expressed the posi
tion of an honest voluntary settler and tiller
of the soil; was permitted, for tho first sea
son, to cultivate a small potato-patch upon
tho estate of a settler near Elk Creek iu
this valley. ' '
The Indian was advised, in case he
should choose a place, with the intention of
making it n final residence, to select a smull
tract hemmed iu by hills, mid least calculat
ed to excite the acquisitiveness of some ittn t
tharL:1 v , c ' ;
Remembering, and heeding well such
friendly council, in the spring of 1858, he
settled upon a narrow strip of laid in a ra
vine; which, considering soil and natural
advantages, r.o whito man would think of
laying claim to; much hss contending for
in oppos'tion to the expressed will of the
people at large, and to the subversion of
tho laws of humanity.
Improvement commenced immediately
and progressed so rapidly, that soon his
success in husbandry, Fcmcd rather to iu
d'eate the residence of some enterprising
cni'graut, who from his journey across the
Plains, and from an ardent desire to have
a comfortable home ' o:icc more bad ac
quired a remarkable nppefto for labor,
than the home of a God-forsaken In
dian, who, without the ameliorating effect
of Christianity; or ass'stanca from the band
of philanthropy, was making an effort to
reclaim himself. .
In view of such progress in civilized life,
honest men were led to speak with admira
tion and surprise;, and the expression once
common in this country that 'an Indian
will Is an Indian,' was scouted ns an ex
ploded doetrinc. :
But some there are among the parti-colored
souls of 'Adam's fallen race,' who
from selfish propensities worthy only of the
brute, are strangers to tho iullueiicc of be
nevolence. .-' ' : !
. They, seeing not the strong arm of the
lute extended to protect the Indian in his
righto, l.ke ravenoas wolves in eagerness
for a tempting morsel, soon began to hover
around, and encroach upon the improve
ment. However, 'through public opinion,
though desire to dispossess Dick Johnson
increased with the value of the prize to be
gained by it, be wus enabled to continue
. . . l.!,. n...r:.M. imt'I tlia pvclrnff
improving ... , - " ;:"" -
or the 28th or November last when be-
tween sundown and durk, D.ck Jolinson,";' ,,r ,;.
, , Imeiit in tbe pol.ticnl arch s at Washington,
and the old man (Mummy) were sliot I f
u , . . . ,.,, .. I Doug as was traveling through the South
down in their; own yard. Joanson was. ru,i...n,
wood and fell across t ie st.ck he
ni,;:?iiiK
he was cutting." 'o resistance seems to
have been attempted, a the old man's knife
which be aly carried remained in bis
belt.
'Tim h other Indian man, riding up at
.1.- K mnr.1i was committed, was
also attacked, : and though a balWozen
shots were fired at him, oneba l pa-'rin j
tbronirh bis clothes and another killing his
hnrop 'he succeeded' in" getting into "is
wl.Pn fcarinz a eun .the cowards'
ovum.,.
hurried off in
pursuit Of the squaws OI ine
- ... .i
first
house attacked; unt me womeu
oarryiug two cm.uren
i fX t mi. and dlinnz the n.CUt
maae iuc "j . -
bood. - - i
Now let ns examine for a moment this
barbarous deed, perpetrated in the midst
of a
ri,r;'.n commniiitv. AU inu.au
unA trip THoral coaraire to ai-euau; u.iua.!
. . ..L ..i . !kp l.u itation amonir
. a. - ' m.Af
Irom n.S nuuu, -
n n ichlenetl ptuuir, w DV ucc,v o , 11.1- tuf-no-i . r -r - r
TFa LL of ienorance, !er . - . 1-1 to Albemar., V.rg,..., wa. ,
.... s 1 n ff"rwr -!i:n n I l. . t. - jT t1 aalatn tnairf- hKfl 41 MAT- iPT11ID IITHI rlM ifDIPlH AI ll-lIT)W.
BU iuc " - o itwn ite "' .LI. bapiucd iMemly in ib. r.r.r Jordan, by Ur. tlie
and parcntage-W c-nK- - - , m. , JtmnT. Mm. '
hardship; and by Industry and upright con-1
duct ruise himself from the degraded state
of a savage, to a degree of prosperity and
accountability not unworthy of a race who
'hnvQ Inherited civilization for a hundred
geuerut.ons, shot down In a wanton munncr
at his own door, and his wife glad to escape
with life from her eom'ortablo home, erect-,
ed upon the very soil thut gave her birth,
How many lives have been sacrificed;
hnw much trensuro bus been consumed, iu
efforts to reclaim the heathen from his nit)--
at and mental dai Kiiess. now ninny uiou-
sands of dollars haVc been wrung by a
. . . 1
sjnse of duty for tho aid of Foreign Jli. i
W from tho hnuds of wnirry. now
many millions of money have been appro- (
pr'ated by this Government in nlnioft fruit-;
less attempts to civilize the North Ameri-
can savage, and win him to habits of in-,
dustry. And yet, one of, that decaying families relieved, 2,705; amount paid for
race, in palliation of whose misfortunes, j the relief of meinkrs, $204,082,01; niuouiit
the sympathy of the Union has ever been paid for the relief of families, $00,614,55;
excited, that had tho energy of character amount paid for the educutiou of orphans,
to battle against fate 'as It were until he $11,287,60; amount paid for the buriul of
surpassed, In everything that is respectable! dead, $67,364,70; amount of annual re
in man, Jiis Chriitian persecutors, must, ns ceipto, $223,085,23. The sum total of aj)
in mockery of our boasted philanthropy, be' propriation for members, widows, nndor
cut down in the midst of his career; bc-lphans, is $410,350,22.
cause he was an Indian? ' No! Let not j Statistics of Encampments, the higher
presumptuous villainy attempt to screen branch of the Order: Number of Eucamp
itself behind such an excuse. Because he mints, 051; number of initiations, 6,755;
had property! and neither tlie vengeance I number of deaths, 220; number of members
of tho late lior the terrors of hell seemed to '23,310; number or patriurchs relieved,
be arrayed ou earth to protect lifm. U.002; number or widows relieved, 93;
Permit me to inquire, before I leave this' on'ount paid for tho relief of pntriorchs,
subject, the difference between killing au ; $28,171,10; amouut paid for tbe relief or
Indian Tor his Improvement and murdering
a while man for his money ? May I not,
supposing that tho objects to be gained in
tho two cnRes were or equal value, be tho :
moral difference what it might, suggest that '
in case the white man were killed iu such a
manner ns to leavo no cluo to the murder,
a sharo in tho supposed case might be
deemed preferable ? (Might makes right,
or the power to take implies tho right to
sc'zc: the highwayman's code.) :
' ; . Ipse Mkcs.
Yo.vc.vli.a, Umpqua Co., Dec. 4, '58.
" Death" of Ronr.nT Owes. In tho Eu
ropa's budget of intelligence there is the
announcement thut "Robert Owen, the
celebrated relgions and socialist writer,
lind died nt London, in his 88th venr."
The deceased was the father of tho Hou
Robert Dale Owen of Indiana, United
States Charge d' Affaires at Naples, and
has been a noted Infidel for sixty years.
He is also eminent for his unsuccessful at
tempt to establish a community fit Social
ists at New Harmony, Indiana, as we'd as
for his memorable debate with the re
nowned Alexander Campbell on the divin
ity of the Scriptures, at Cincinnati, thirty j
years ago.
The Filibuster News. Washington,
Doc. 11. Tiie recent escape of tho filibus
ter schooner Susan from the vigilance of
the revenue cutter in Mobile Bay, has cre
ated Intense excitement in official quarters
here.
It is feared that if tho filibusters ore ar
rested by tlie British, the feelings of the
peoplo of this country will bo aroused
thereby to raise ond send largo reinforce
ments to rescue them.' .
Tlio Union of this morning says it hopes
our naval vessels mny yet intercept tho
schooner Susan, and preserve yet longer
this niibnsttr nnrstion ns nurelv a domestic
.Tf..,M..., . that .mnn th rirri -
-V" " "i " ' "
lance or our naval ouicera m tlic uuii uc-
m.m1 in a at mnnsnre the nence of the
0 ... - , ,
world.
Douglas. The Senate Democratic cau
cus, by a vote of seventeen to seven, has
agreed to depose Senator Douglas from the
. ,. . ., -,,. ... rp
Clinirmansbip or the Committee ou Tern -
! tories, and to substitute Senator Green, or
. , .
( , .
lite jte.uv;i ucj 111 mui ijuhi m.i .
Dcatu or Da. J. L. Cumstoci, Dr. John L.
Con s ock, w dely known a tbe author of valuable
i...K.-,Li on natural LhiloMohy. chen.islrr, eVc,
di.
J at IlarlforJ, Connecticut, on Sunday, N -
i ai ii. m ...iiiva tA Lrnv. Connecti-
yember 2I. He wa a nallv .if Lyme, Connect.
. catl terxti in the war of 18U, and devoted many
.'
year, to th, prepara.wn of
u.....t Pi.ih.nl.v" liiiH m I of half nulhoa
of copies. Dr. Cunwtlck was ei f. great rne-
h inic.l iDtr-nuiiy. H- made the most of his own
; , ,d work in metal and glass with
, ind neatn.se. He waa wry good
. ..j.j: ..Jc,.t..
I drar smaa. aoJ orew .no n .u.
I i 1 '.ll.tM.-H k'a WArka.
pwy a
I i i . .
Jn yOT. ,r Iu-ai to mr
1 .... ,oie n, led in th State waa 5j2,172-
. - . ,a.r. u .i. orta.
Tot lor rresiueBi m .o-v, -
981.
- Tocao L-Dt'a Drecairn. or a 8foa T
II. ... A.. m .Wm m k.11 Ar. in ilia
i,reU:d.ef.eJ-rrantim. Tl..
. tt. M n -.- wu
JL
... . . i. Lw-
WJrr was saddrniy s a"; ami mgn .
Statistics or Oub Fkllowhiiif. The
following statistics In relation to tho Iudc-'
pendent Order of Odd Fellows in tho UnU
ted States, have been carefully revised from
ollieiul sources, and showing as they do, the
work or tlio great fraternity for tho past
year, will doubtless demand attention es-
racially ou the part of members of tho
Order.
Tho year la from Juno 1857 to Juuolnud to hold such property there under the
1858. ' I guardianship of tho federal constitution, so
Xumber of Lodges within tin
10 lurisdic-
-r .... 1 i i. t.. n
i.ou oi mo unier, wn.cn iiicnmess uu me
States and Territories of the Union, Dis-
triet of Columbia, Nova Scotia, Canada
West, Sandwich Islands, etc., 8,800; nam-
ber of initiations, 16,540; number of deaths,
1,730; number of members, 170,700; a
small decrease from the previous year, num-
ber of members relieved, 23,151; widowed !
widowed fumilies 3,111,60; amouut paid
for tho buriul of the dead, $5,877,24;
amount of annual receipts, $110,150,54;
-i, .i t- r r
gross amount paid for the relief of members
(including patriarchs), widows, orphan,
education, and funerals, the munificent sum
of $470,955,15. Ualtimor Amtricun.
In a recent address at tho North
Carolina Smte Fair, Hou. T. L. Clingmnn
stated a remarkable fact concerning a lo
cality of the western part of that State.
In a district of a few miles in extent on the
Tryon mountain, neither dew nor frost is
ever known. The district is remarkable for
tho variety and excellence of its native
grapes, and they aro often found in fine
condit on In the open air as late as vc-
I ccmber.
PurvLATio.N of St. Lc en. Accontin to die
la'.e ci ii.us rt't.irns the poptilalion of St. Louis ie
1 3.),330. Of lli-w, 1,-64 ure Ws nnd 1,072
f.ee bNii ks. The nul on.ilily of the inliult" tunts is
clamed u follows: Anirric.iu, S9,G. (icrmnns,
43,874-, Irish, 22,014; EngUli, 3,451) French,
1,338. . ' '
Novra Muds ur Pvmsiimkxt. A cl.'IJ being;
nttiukeU wi.li a crying fit yeiatrrilny, nml I lie mo
ll, er Imi ins u ed a I ixiib e tlT n to mill il with
mi ilei'l. she fiiml'v gal pnnoUd ami pokel lis
litt'e liil inlii ii tiib of wiiter. VVImt a w.Jini
t ITa-i w.iter must haw uu the ujismoii" I W e huve
hrsnl n( an spp'icuton of the shovtrr huh upon
raving niaiiii'CM, but nevir beinie heard of am in
nan e like the one wo have mentioned Net)
Dedfurd, Conn. Mercury.
fjf We are sorry to uy it wo dn not w'tli Ui
sav it but mint, ns fuill.ful chroniuhrs. suy it
namely! ViemrVs duushler, Mrs. I'r.ncess nf
1'rus-w qiurreli w.ll. l.er hu.b.uid j or, Mr.
l'riine of I'riMia quarrels with Mrs. IVnceini
Hint In, they do not th'nk rii:ctly alike, and Mrs.
Vicloria is With ihe " Imppy pa r," trying to tio the
" true luver's km it" a li.ile liuhier. The story
that the young princex iictua'ly ejertvd Ihe prim e
Iron) the nupiial couch by p'ao ng b r royal liiile
1. el ngiiiiul his inj iil higliui'ts's rilw, and lin n sud
denly extendi! g her mj ul curve I orrans nf Inco
minion into a positive hie line, is doubted by I'rus
ki..u eng ncrrs Itoiton Poll.
nrXi York cily pays $H0O,IKHI annually in
sin vorl of A 'ins llouats, or nb .ut i2UU ikt day ;
' f 2 .".Olltl nnnually dr clean ng slice s. or nbout
1 fliU p'r .lay i jUUO.t'OU for lamps and fas, or
,.l,,ut $U8H ierduy; ?4lin,lillii f .r liim.iaiid (jus,
or ubimtjiiro per iinv; s'jou.ihiu for poice, or
! iim JT V f18"'!!1:1'.""""'1.!'?- V
. ..-.nil u.r, i,v: ki jiu.ui;uiori.ub.iCKUools
annually, ur about $JS0 per day.
fTbe Mobile (Ala) Tribune says an ed
itor of a Southern paper w as rec. mly married, af
ter au en;a2i nient which had lamed twin'y-rer-
en jearf. Darin- a I th a lime the wide Allan ks
tiiM letween ill kin-fa, who neyerlhel.ss, r.
1 . . . i lf , - , andar, nim
afier this long separation, entjiugihe lewurd of
their muiunl fi'rliiy.
t Th eli or of a & orgia pap. r i e.-king of
the Fou.lh of July enys: ' H e have but one
other r. mark to niaka in rrgirl to lndepn.le.iee
day. W lb nk llial our fore'athi re w.ailil have
conferu-d a signal favor on their pot-rty, i lin y
had rigne-l an I pub ished the Dei-laraUun w hen
the weather was a frai-tion en'er."
X3f A phys cian of New Orleans, a few day
a'nie. tr'ed the i tia-ritm-til of liniwfus on on a pa
tient who was lug for ant of blood uouti.him at
1 with comph le aucoere.
A CoMfLiitKKTTO Tin Ab ic.--One of the
'miblio ranaies iu ticbaiU'Pol baa been tamed
j Aroeric.nt,i eUot hua of th. American
.
indents th. re.
Fail Keaaoaa I Koan. Coi ii. A b 11
is been reported in the North Carolina Legisla
, baa been reported in th Xotih Carolina U gwla-
ture to remove th free colored p. pulalkio bom th
"
I - . - u I' T.... u k. I,.-.
w ...
' decided that lb aae. in twiU'e. of a single oath, ia
, .
ha oniwented to - ait California, aud hold a aeries
of protract! meetings in the cities and low as In
thaltftatr.
fxmf o Tfif u Vt iO The tynisrir Di
oratsaya that the amount of lob.eeoche.ed In th.
1 t a 1 A-m Jaa-H tk a'iainl
v mi r r ...-
. i'rfi-f
The President'1 Moasare.
The message ia very long, but wo will
endeavor to give the most important parts
of it, commencing with
THE KANSAS Ql'ESTIOS.
The Supremo Court of the United States
had previously decided that all Amt r.can
i r . whT Ulll ,1
aiIv iimlf.l flin hurt nf inr nf flip Ktufi.a
aa lllu terntonul coud.t.ou shall re-
main.
(, Il0W a wclkatulilisliod position,
anU tlic proceetliiiL's of the Inst session were
nloue wanting to civo it practicut effect.
The principle hosbeeu recognir.ed, in some
form or other, by an almost unanimous
vote or hotli bouses or Congress, thut a
ion either as a free or a slave State, accord
ing to tho will of a majority of its people.
Tho just equality or all the States bus thus
lteen vindicated, and a fruitful source of
dangerous dissension among them has been
removed.
Whilst such has ken tho bencficiul ten
dency of your legislative proceedings outside
of Kansas, their influence has nowhere been
so happy as within that Territory itoelt
Left to manage and control its own affairs
iu its own way, without tho pressure of ex
ternal influence, tho revolutionary Topeka
organization and all resistance to tho terri
torial government established by Congress
have been finully abandoned. As a natu
ral consequence, that fine Territory now
appears to be tranquil and piTOwrous, and
is attracting increasing thousands or Immi
grants to muko it their happy homo.
Tho past unfortunate exerienee of Kan
sas has enforced the lesson so often already
taught, tfiat resistance to lawful authority,
under our orm of government, cannot fail
in the end to prove disastrous to its nu
'0"'- FI 0 ' " "p
vielded obedience to the laws enacted hy
-j,,,,.. IrfKMlltnrC it wouM ftt tboprese.it
moment have contained a largo additional
.i r i .i i i.il.- Irt i
population of iudustrious and enterprising
Cit.zcns, who have been deterred from en
tering its borders by the existence of civil
strife and organized rebellion.
It was tho resistance to rightful authori
ty, and tho persevering uttempts to estab
lish a revolutionary government under the
Topeka constitution, which caused the pin
pie of Kansas to commit the grave error of
refusing to vote for delegates to the con
vention to framo a constitution, under a
law not denied to bo fair and just in its pro
vis'oiis. This refusal to voto bus been
the prolific sourco of oil the evils which
have followed. In their hostility to the Ter
ritorial Government, they disregarded the
principle, absolutely essential to tho work
ing of our form or government, that a ma
jority of 'those who voti' not the majority
who mny remain nt home, lvotn whatever
cause must decide tlic result of an election.
For this reason, seeking to take advantage
of their own error, they denied the authori
ty of the convention thus elected to framo
a constitution.
Tlio convention, notwithstanding, pro.
cecded to adopt a constitution unexception
able hi its general features, mid providing
for the submission of the slavery question
to a vote of tlm people, which in my opin
ion, tliey were bound to do, under the
Kansas nnd Nebraska act. This was the
all-important quesfon which bad alone con
vulsed tho Territory; nnd yet the oppo
nents of tho lawful iroveriimcut persisting
iu their first error, n Trained from exercising
their right to vote, and preferred that sla
very should continue rather tllan surrender
their revolutionary Topekn organization.
A wiser and better spirit seemed to pre
vail before the first Monday ol January
last, when on election was held under the
constitution. A majority of the people
thru voted for a Governor and other State
ofliccrs, for a member of Congress nnd
members of the State Legislature. Tills
election was warmly contested by the two
political parties iu Kansas, and u greater
vote wus polled than nt tiny previous elec
tion. A large majority of the nit inbers of
the Legislature elect belonged to Hint parly
which bud previously refused to vote. The
anti-slavery party were thus placed in the
ascendant, and the politicul power of the
State was in their own hands. Had Con
gress admitted Kansas into tho Union un
der tlio Lecompton constitution, tho Legis
lature might, nt its very first si ssion, have
submitted the question to u vote of the peo
plo, whether they would or would not have
a convention to amend their constitution
either on tbe slavery or any other question,
nnd have adopted nil necessary means fur
Kivmir speedy t fleet to tlio will or the ma
jority. Thus the Kansas qntstion would
have been immcd ately and finally settled,
Under these circumstance, I submitted
to Congress the constitution thus framed,
with all tho officers already elected neces
sary to put the Stuto government into op
eration, accompanied by a strong recom
mendation in fuvor of the admission of
Kansas ns a 'State. In the course of my
Ions public lile, I have never performed
any official act which in the retrosmct has
afforded rue more heaitfi It satisfaction, Its
admission could have inflicted no possible
injury on any human being, whilst it would
within a brief period have restored peace to
Kansas and harmony to the tn on. In
that event, the slavery question would ire
this have teen finally settled, according to
the legally exprisstd will of a mtjoriiyof
the voters, nu popular rovereignty wouiu
inns nave wen y.nuicuieu u. a iuiuu.u
tinnnl manner.
With my convict'ons of duty, I rould
bare nnrxuid no other course. It is true
that as an individual I had expressed an
opinion, Loth before and during the session
: of the convention, in favor or siHim.it.ng
tbe remaining clauses of the constittit on, as
well a that concerning slav ry, to the o-
Bnt. actuurin au orncal cimracur,
either niyM'If nor any human authority bad
.i .i ,.r .i.
power lo rcjudge me piuu.T-unif,n v,
convention, and declare ta cousiiiuiioo
which It bud framed to be a nullity. To
hnvo done this would have boon a violation
of tbp Kansas and Nebraska act, which
left the icop!e of the Territory " perfectly
free to form nnd regulutc their domestic In
stitutions in their own way, subject only to
the Constitution of the United States." It
would equally have violated the preat prin
ciple of popular sovereignty, at the founda
tion or our institution", to deprive the pro
pie or the power, if tlicy thought proper to
excrciso It, or confiding to delegates elected
by themselves tho trust or framing a con
stitution, without requiring thtm to subject
their constituents to the trouble, expense,
nnd delay or a second election. It would
huve been in opposition to many precedents
in our history, commencing in the very best
age or tho Ucpublie, or the admission or
Territories as Stutes into the Union without
a previous vote of the pi ople approving
their constitution.
It Is to bo lamented that a question so
insignificant when viewed in its practical
eir.'i ts on the people of Kansas, whether
decided one way or the other, should havo
kindled such a llaine of excitement through
out the country. This n. flection may provo
to a lesson of wisdom and of warning
for our future guidance. Practically con
sidered, tho question is simply whether tho
people of that Territory should first come
into the Union nnd then change any provis
ion iu their constitution not ngrcenblo to
themselves, or accomplish the very same
object by remaining out of the Union, and
framing another constitution in accordance
with their will f In either ease, the result
would bo precisely the same. The only
difference in point of fiiet is, that the object
would have been much rooner attained, and
tbe paeilieat'on of KniiPtis moro rpeedily
effected, bad it been admitted ns n Stuto
during the last session of Congress. .
My recommendation, however, for tho
immediate admission of Kansas, failed to
met tho approbation of Congress. They
deinted it wiser to adopt a different meas
ure for the settlement or the question. For
my own part, 1 should have been willing to
yield my assent to almost any constitutional
measure to accomplish this object. I,
therefore, cordially ncqni. seed in what has
been railed the linel'sh Compromise, aud
approved tho "Act for the ndinisson of
the State of Kansas into the Union" upon
tho terms therein prescribed.
Under the ordinance which accompanied
the Lrcor.ipton constitution, the people of
Kansas had rimmed double the quantity 01
public binds for tlie support ot common
school which bad ever been previously
granted to any Nate upon entering the
Union; and also the ultcrnoto sections or
land for twelve miles on each side of two
railroads, proposed to bo constructed from
the northern to tlie southern boundary nnd
from tlie eastern to tlie western boundary
of the State, ('oiiltcns, deeming these
laiins uureasoniibli, provided, by the act
of May 4, lsGK, to which 1 have just re
fcrred, for the admission of tlie Stale on mi '
equal footing with the original Stutcs, but
" upon tho fundamental condition preced
ent" that a majority of the people thereof,
at an election to be held for that purpose,
should, in place of the very large grants of
public lands wlucli tliey had tn mauiieii ur.
th r the ordinance, accept such grunts as
ind been inail.i to Minnesota and other
new States. Under this net, should n ma
jority reject the proposition offered them,
it shall be deemed mm held uuii me peo
le of Kansas do i.ot desire admission into
the Union with said constitution under tho
conditions set forth in mid proposition."
In that event, tlio act authorized tho
people of the Territory to elect delegntes
to form a constitution and Slate govern
ment for themselves, " whenever, and not
before it Is ascertained by a eensiif, duly
and legally taken, that the population of
aid Territory equals or exceeds tlio ratio
of representation required for a member of
the House ol representatives or tlio i on-
.t t . i . it rati l i
gress ot ino Limed Mines. i no u re
piles thus assembled "shall first ib-tirmino
V II
a vote whether it is tho w.sli or the peo-
ile of the proposed Stuto to be admitted
into the Union nt that t.me, nnd, if so,
mil proceed to form n constitution, and
take all nece.sssiiry steps for Iho establish
ment of a Stale Government, iu conformity
with the federal constitution." Alter this
coii'titiitlon shall hnvo been formed, Con
gress, carrying out tho principles or popu-
ur sovereignty and lum-iiiicrvention, luivo
eft the modi! nnd manner of Its approval,
or ratification by the people of the pioposed
Stole" to bo "prescribed by law," and
they "shall then be udmitted into tho Un
ion as a Stuto tinder such constitution thus
fairly and legally made, with or without
shivery, as said constitution may prescribe."
An election was held throughout Kan
sas, in pursuance of the provisions of this
act, on tho second day of August Inst,
and it resulted in the rejection, by a lurgo
majority, of the proposition submitted to
the pcoplu by Congress. This being, tho
case, they are now authorized to rorm an
other constitution, preparatory to admis
sion into the Union, but not until their
number, ns ascertained by a census, shall
equal or exceed the ratio required to elect
a member to the House of Representatives.
It is not probable, in the present state
of tho ense, that a third constitution can
lie lawfully Irnmed nnd presented to Con
gress by Kansas, before its t.opulutiou shall
have reached the designated number. Nor
is it to be presumed that ultrr thiir sad
experience iu resisting the territorial laws,
they will attempt to adopt a (onstittit'on
in express violution of the provisions of the
act of Congress. During tho session of
1850, much of the time of Congress waa
occunird on tho riticrtion of admitting Kan
sas under the Tojh ka constitution. Again,
nearly the whole fT the last session was dc
voU d to the question of its admission mi
ller the Ixcompton Constitution. Surely
it is not unreal onable to n quire the peoplo
or Kansas to wait, beforo inuking a thud
attempt, until the number of their inhabi
tants shall nmonnt to ninety-three thon.
snnd four hundred end twenty. During
this Irrief rriod tbe hsrmony of the States,
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Jlamlrcds of cattle haw died
new and ea for one of to.l, perplexity, ana - "-a