THE OREGON AKGUS,
rvlLIMIIO (TMT HTl'SIMf NOBXINO,
' BY WILLIAM L. ADAMS.
OfEce-Good'i Building, Main it, Edito
.1 rial Room in first story.
TERMS Tht Aaous trill t furniihei at
Three Dollar! and Fifty Cenlt per annum,
ta lingl lubtrribmThret Dollar '
, tack la eluk of tin at an tjfirt.
jy Two Dollar for tit mouth No tuhterlp'
liant united for a Uit period.
If A finer diteontinued until all arrearage
' art paid, unlet at the option of the puliliekrr.
d. For t lit Ar gut.
The Kiamlaallea al Belkcl lasllt
, , Ked Riugi Farm, April 0, 1857.
Mr. Editor Having had die pleasure of
attending the examination and exhibition
at Botbol Institute on ibe 3d of tin's month,
I can lay tint it was much superior to any
1 have ever atlonded in Oiegon, and ilia
school can be tafuly recommended to com
munity ai one which ii equal to any, and
inferior to none, in the Territory. The
tirne occupied in the examination of the
pupili wb too iliort to do justice to the
teachers and icholar, but thorough
nnugh to convince all that the method of
instruction is good, and that icholar do
not acquire a mere surface knowledge of
their studies, but are ninJo lo understand
everything as they advance. The tenchers
appear lo understand their business, and
lo do all that could reasonably be expected
to advance their pupils. The interest ta
ken by the people in the school was mani
lasted by I ho crowd that was in attendance
during the day and evening.
The present prospects of the institution
are good; there will be a large inoressein
the number of scholurs the coming summer.
The Institute is located nn a beautiful prai
rie, in the midst of an intelligent and
moral neighborhood, and a village is fast
growing up around it. Bethel, unlike the
majority of high schools in Oregon, is free
from any sectarian influence), but is a
school built by the people for the benefit of
the people. Too much credit cinnot be
awarded lo those who have labored so
fuithfully, and have so frcclt given " ma
terial aid" lo establish an institution of
learning in our country, which bids fair lo
surpass any institution in Oregon. Al
the present time, when all the world is hur
ry iug onward, when the times appear lo de
mand that every one should be educated,
is it not strange (hat any one should b so
lost lo his own interest, as to oppose or
hold buck, when his aid may secure to his
own or his neighbors' children the means
of acquiring a popular education. It has
been truly said lhat "if ever our free insti
tutions perish, lha cause will be found in
the ignorance of the people." If then
tho perpetuity of our "free institutions"
depends upou the education of the masses,
and as it is the duly of every country to
prolong its own existence, it is then the
luty of ours to establish schools for the
people, and to encourage schools in our
midst, as the only means of preserving our
civil and religious liberty.
Yours, &c, b. a.
lmporual Declstoa.
Belew we give an abstract of one of tho
most important decisions which has ever
been rendered by the U. S. Supreme Court,
ft is in the case of Dred Scott, a man
claimed as a fugitive slave. The opinion
of tho mnjority of the Court was delivered
by Chief Justice Taney, and decides the
following important poind :
Washington, March 6. The opinion
of the Supreme Court in the Dred Scoit
case was delivered by Chief Justice Taney.
It is a full and elaborate statement of the
views of the Court. They have decided
the following all-important points :
' 1. That negroes, whether slaves or free,
that is, men of the African race, are not
citizens of the United States by the Con
stitution. "
. 2. The ordinanco of 1787 had no inde
pendent constitutional force or legal effect
subsequently to the adoption of tho Con
stitution, and could not operate of itself to
center freedom or citizenship within the
Northwest Territory on negroes, not citi
zens by the Constitution.
3. The provisions of the Act of 1820,
commonly called the Missouri Comprom
ise, in so far as it undertook to exclude
asgro slavery from, and communicate free
dom and citizenship to negros within the
northern part of the Louisiana cession, was
a legislative act exceeding the powers of
Congress ; and void and of no legal effect
to that end.
Is deciding itiCse main points, tiie .Su
preme .Court determined the following
incidental points.
.v 1.' The expression " Territory and oth
er property of the Union," in the Constitu
tion, applies in terms only to .such territo
ry of the Union possessed at the time of
six adoption of the Constitution.
2. Tin tijfbts of citizens of the United
8utes,esBigrmling into any Federal Ter.
titory and the power of the Federal Got
eminent therein, depend on the general
provisions of the Constitution, which de
fines in this at m all other respects the
power of Congress.
3. As Congress does not possess power
tuelf lo make enactments relative to tbe
cerions or property of citizens of the
(United States in a Federal Territory, oth
er than such as the Constitution confers, so
it cannot constitutionally delegate any
such powers to a Territorial government,
organized by it nnder the Constitution.
4. The legal condition of SI its in ibe
Sti't of Missouri, is not affic'od by tb
A Weekly Newnpniwr, devoted
Vol. III.
temporary sojourn of such slave In any
other Stale, but on his return bit condition
still depends on lite laws of Missouri. At
the plaintiff wai not a citizen nf Missouri,
he therefore could not sue in tha courti of
the United States. The suit must be dis
missed for want of jurisdiction.
The delivery of ibis opinion occupied
about three hours and was listened to with
profound attention by a crowdod court
room. Among the auditors were gonilo
men of eminent legal ability, and a due
proportion of ladies.
Judge Taney stated (he merits of tbe
case. 1 ue question was wneiuer or not
the removal of Scoll from Missouri with
his master to Illinois, with a view of tem
porary residence there, worked bis emnn-
cipalion. lie maintained mat tbe ques
tion depended wholly on the law of Miss
ouri, and fur lhat reason the judgment of
the Court below khould be affirmed.
Judge Catrou bolieved the Supreme
Court has jurisdiction to decide the merits
of the case. He argued lhat Congress
could uot do directly what it could not do
indirectly. If it could exuludg one spe
cies of property, it could another. With
regard lo lha Territories ended, Congress
could govern them only with the restrict
ions of the States which ceded them, and
tlie Missouri Act of 1830 violated the lead
ing features of llw Constitution, and was
therefore void. lie concurred with his
brother Judges that Scott is a slave, and
was so when this suit was brought.
Several other Judge are to deliver ihuir
opinions to-morrow.
OPINION OP JUSTICE N'U AN.
Washington, March 7. Associate
Justice McLean proceeded to express bis
views in the case of Dred Scott against
Sandford. After slating the facts relative
to the subject, the pica as to jurisdiction is
radically defective. It had never been
held necessary that to constitute a citizen,
a man should have the qualifications as an
elector. Femules and minors may sue in
the federal courts, and so may an individ
ual who has bis domicil in lha State in
which he may sue. Tho most general
definition of a citizen is a freeman. The
pica docs not show Died Scott to be a
slave. It docs not follow a mnn Is not free
whose ancestors were slaves.
It was said colored citizens aro not
agreeable members of society; but this
was more a matter of taste than of law.
Several of (heStntes have admitted such
persons to the right of suffrage, and rec
ognized tiiein as citizens: anu tins nas
been done in slavo as well as free States.
On the subject of citizenship we have not
been very fastidious. Under the lute
treaty with Moxicn, we have made citizens
of all grades, combinations and colors.
Tbe same was done in the case of Louisi
ana and Florida. No one ever doubted,
nor a court held, that the inhabitants did
not become citizens under the treaties.
They have become citizens without being
naturalized.
Throughout ihe continent of Europe,
without exception, it has been held that
slavery can exist only in territory where
it has been established, aud beyond that
the master cannot sustain himself save by
some express stipulation. There is no
nation in Europe' which considers itself
bound to return the master his fugitive
slave, under the civil law or the law of na
tions. The slave is held to be free where
there is no treaty, obligation or contract to
return home to his master. In the case
of Prigg against the State of Pennsylva
nia, the state of slavery is deemed to be a
mere municipal regulation, founded and
limited to the range of the State which
enacts it. Ilns was the decision in me
case of Somerset, in England, which was
decided before me American Revolution.
Congress has no power to interfere
with slavery in the States, or to regulate
what is commonly called the slave trade
among the several Stales.
We know that James Madison that
crest and good man was particular to
o 0
regard slaves escaping from service or la
bor as " persons," and not as property.
While he (judge McLean) agreed that this
government was not made for the colored
race, yet many of them in the New Eng
land States exercised the right of suffrage
when ihe Constitution was adopted ; and it
was not doubted that its tendency would
be to ameliorate the condition of that race.
Many of the States look measures to abol
ish slavery'; and it is a Well known fact
that the belief was cherished, by leading
men both of the South and North, that the
insiitution ef slavery would gradually de
cline, until it should become extinct.
All slavery has its origin against natu
ral right.
If in making tbe necessary rules and
regulations respecting tbe public lands, a j opinions of the court on questions not le-j ibis treason
territorial or temporary government is)gitimately before il to be binding. Hej Jjoa 'j
rnnite. Cenerese has tbe power to es-1 believed, however, thai the court basju-1. in .
tablisb it. The power to acquire carries
with it tbi power to govern. Congress
can ex-rclse no power prohibited by the!
urn n
to the Principles of JeHersoniun
OREGON CITY, OllEGON, MAY 2, 1857.
Constitution, nor has it power lo regulate turn to that Slate. There was nothing in
the Internal concerns of a State. If Con- tho history or In the langungo of the con
gress deem slaves or free persons ef col- , stitutioo which restrains the power lo make
or injurious to a territory, it has the pow- all needful rules and regulations respecting
er to prohibit them from becoming sott'ersj the territory of the Uuited Stales, to such
therein. Where a territorial government! territory only as was owned by the United
has been establi.hcd on slavo torritory, it Stales at tho lime of the adoption of the
has uniformly remained in lhat condition ; : constitution. ITo was not aware thai such
so when ihe torritory was free; and this a suggestion had ever before been made,
was attended with satisfactory results. Four distinct acquisitions of territory have
Tbe sovereignty of the federal goTeramcfil been made, and six States formed upon
extends to all territory of ihe United
States. If we have ihe right to acquire :
territory, we h'avo the right to govern it ;
and Ibis hss always been exercised.
Tho-Constitution was framed for the'
whole country, and tbe prohibition of,
slavrry north of 30 30 was constitutional.
Where ihers is no local law ubolishing
slavery, the master cannot control Ihe will
of th slave by lorco, and the presumption
is in favor of freedom. The master, in
going into a territory, does not carry with
him tbe law of the Slate from which he ;
removes. Slavery, ho rspeatod or prop-1
erty in human beings does not arise from
the international or commea law, but from
a mere municipal regulation. There was
no just ground for the argument that ibis
was exclusively a Missouri question. Dred
Scott and his family were free under decis
ions given within ihe last twenty-eight
years. A slave wno acquires ins irecooin
by bis removal to another State, cannot be
reduced to slavery by bis returning to the
State from which be emigrated. So far
from this being merely a Missouri case, it
is one which comes under ihe twenty-fifth
section of the judiciary net, and therefore,
may be brought for the revision of this
Court from the Supreme Court of ihe
State of Missouri.
OriNlON OF JUSTICE CURTIS.
Associate Justice Curtis gave his rea
sons for dissenting from ihe majority of
the court. The question is, whether a
person of African descent can be a citizen
of ihe United States. The constitution
uses ibe language, "citizens of the United
States al the lime of the adoption" of that
instrument; referring to those who were
citizens under the confederation. It may,
therefore, be safely said, the citizens of the
several states unucr me conieucrauon
were citizens of the United Ststes under
the constitution. It is a fact that all the
free native-born subjects of New Hump
shire, Massachusetts, New York, and N.
Caiolina, descended from the African race,
were not only citizens, but possessed the
franchise of electors on oqual terms with
other or white citizens. Thoso colored
persons were cot only included with the
body of white persons in tho adoption of
the constitution, but bad the power to and
did act in its adoption. Under the consti
tution, every free person born on the soil
of a Slate, and mudo a citizen by force of
its constitution and laws, is a citizen of ihe
United States. Having stated tho ground
of his opinion, and explained tbe provis
ions of the constitution, he said lhat evory
citizen at the time of the adoption of that
instrument was so recognized, and no pow
er was conferred lo discriminate between
color or deprive any one of its franchise
It is not true in point of fact that the con
stitution was made exclusively by and for
white people. The preamble openly de
clares that the constitution was formed in
order to secure lo the people of the Uni
ted States and their posterity the blessings
of liberty, and as for the colorod citizens,
in five of the States they were among
those for whom the constitution was or
dained aud established. Color, in tho
opinion of the framersof ihe constitution,
was not necessary to constitute citizenship
under the constitution of the United Slates;
and it might be added that the power to
make colored persons citizens has been
acted upou in repeated instances in the
treaties with the Choc taws, the Cherokees,
and lhat of Gaudalupe Hidalgo, in 1843.
And he arrived at the following conclu
sions
1. That the free native-born citizens of
each State, at the formation of the consti
tution, became citizens of the Uuited
States. 2- That free colored persons
born within some of the States, and citi
zens of those Stales, were also citizens of
the United Slates. 3. That every such
citizen residing in any State has the right
to sue and be sued in the federal court of
ihe State in which be resides. 4. As the
plra to jurisdiction in this case shows no
fact except as to African descent, and as
this fact is not inconsistent with citizenship
of the United States, the decision of the
Circuit Court for Missouri was incorrect.
He therefore dissented from the opinion
t ,Uiemar'U " : :
the ma only of ihe court, lhat a person
of
of the African race cannot be a citizen of,
ibe United States. He did not believe the
riadictioo in the case, and maintained that,
under the law of Missouri, Dred Scott and
his family 'wen free jersoni on their re-
St
Democracy, and advocating
ll'em have been admitted into the Union
Such a contracted construction as that to
which ho referred was inconsistent with
tbe nature and purposes of ihe conslitu-
lion, ao exprcssod in Its languoge. He
ould construe that clause of the comditu-
lion thus : Congress shall have power to
make all needful rules and regulations
respecting those tracts of country without
h limits of the United Ststes, and which
tbe United States have or may acquire by
cession, ss well of jurisdiction as of soil,
so far ai ihe soil is lb property of ihe
parlies making the cession. Congress has
power to legislate with regard lo tha terri
tories until they shall apply for admission
into tbe Uniou as Slates. Tho laws must
be "needful," and are left to legislative
discretion. There are two classes of acts;
and in eight distinct instances, beginning
with the first Congress and coming down
to 1849, Congress has excluded slavery
from the territories; and there are six
distinct instances in which Congress has
organized governments for territories and
recognized slavery and continued it there
in, also beginning with the first Congress
and coming down to 1822. These acts
were signed by seven Presidents, coming
regularly down from Washington lo John
Quiucy Adams, thus including all those
who were in public life when the constilu.
lion was adopted. This should have much
weight on the question of construction
and it would be difficult to resist tbe force
of the acts lo which reforcnoe was mado.
His opinion was, (he decision of the circuit
court for Missouri should be reversed, and
ihe cause remanded for a new trial.
More, Outrage of Brlfham Young.
Editor of the Sun Francisco Herald :
I wish to call your attention to a few of
the recent outrages of the people of Utah
territory, and particularly to the course ol
llrigham Young, the Governor of Utah,
who has taken nn on 111 to support the
Constitution of the United Stales, and, as
Governor of Utah Territory, to see that
the laws are faithfully observed and ex
ecuted. Has he ever done it I Look at
the facts and see : In March last, Wiu. A.
Hickman, Alexander McKea, Thomas J.
Johnson, and others, broke open the door
of the District Clerk's office in Salt Luke
City, on Saturday night before the sitting
of the District Court, and took therofrom
the papers, records, and documents be
longing to tha Court; and after Judge
Kinney instructed the Grand Jury lhat it
was their duty lo iuquire into the offense,
and bring the ollenders lo justice, tins man
Young instructed the Grand Jury that it
was a Gentile court, and, as such, the
Saints of God had nothing to do with the
matter, and that if the d d Gentiles had
business lo settle, they must do it some
other place than in Utah Territory. Noth
ing was done with the offenders. Again, a
man by the name of Baker, (a Mormon,)
was tried for murdering a dumb boy, in
Judge Drummond's court, at Fillmore city J
and although the proof showed ono of the
most aggravated casos, the Grand Jury,
(all Mormons of course,) brought in a ver
dict of murder in the second degree ; this
was on Wednesday, and although the sen
tence was pronounced on Uuker, and he
btarted toward the Penitentiary, yet before
the sixth Sabbath he had a full and com
plete pardon from Gov. Young, and really
never went as far as the Penitentiary ; but
on ihe other hand, accompanied Gov.
Young to church on tho Sabbath next af
ter his trial and conviction. The reason
assigned for his pardon was lhat he was a
Saint, and a d d Gentile Judge should
not have the pleasure of seeing one of ihe
Saints of God put in prison for the murder
of so useless a being as a dumb boy ; thai
if people were so unfortunate as to have
children that could not speak, they were
incapable of becoming Saints, and it was a
blessms to kill them oil and save tua pa
rents tbe trouble of bringing them up, and
that God required a human being to talk
before he could pray
Again, I have to chronicle one of the
most daring and insulting national crimes
ever committed in tho United States, and
that, too, under the direct care and control,
and nnder the immediate order aud direc
tion of this man Young. Early in Janu
ary, and just in advance of tho meeting of
the Supreme Court, a pariy oi uie mor
mons in hitrh standing in Ibe Lburcli, and
under the advice of Brighnm Young, re
paired to the office of the Hon. G. I'.
Stiles, one of the United Slates District
Judges, the law office of T. 8. Williams,
Kan., and the office of ihe Clerk ef the
Sunreme
Uourt. ana toon mere-
. . I .1
from all tlie paper belonging io in on
nreme Court, consisting of record, docket,
. 1 . . . .i . i a..
Wed away, together wi.h nine
J f furni.be(1 bv
. j.-ejera Government for the us of the
Territory of Utah. The reason given for
treasonous act was that Congress
dmit them as a State, and lhat
not allow lb federal officers to
the Territory ; and that what
officeri were now m the Territory musttere1 'Jj 1 f
j leave as soon as grass grows, or ha will send j Buren, Harrison, Tolk,
then to bell, icrof. lot. ?w, sir, cm r'H Ba''h,'
the side of Truth in every issue.
No. 3.
you Hud a parallul to this act of treason
sinco the organization of (he American
Colonies I It so, please note ihe lime and
place.
It seems now lo be a settled fact that
the laws of Congress cannot be carriod
out or put in forco in this Territory the 1
nntu I ii LnAWn mm nl i n .1 ' 1 1 . .. 1 t 1 1 . .. I
only law known or obeyed is ihe law of the
Church, and that is tlie will of Urighain
Young, who most clearly is the most bru
tal tyrant now on earth, and, in point of
ireaaonoui designs, without au equal.
Often have tho Courts decided against the
enactments of tho Utuh Statutes, but all in
vain, J he Mormons go on after their
own order of doing busiuess, wholly dis
regarding and setting at defiance the opin
ions and decisions of Ihe Supreme Court
of Ihe Torritory, and openly declare that
they will not obey nor be governed by any
one unless he is a Mormon, and tiiat any
one who thinks olhurwise can lose his life
by trying tho experiment, which most em
phatically will bo the case unless a strong
military aid is givon by the U. S. Govern
ment. In vain may one try for justice
whero the mandate of one man is the su
preme law of the land, when you have
Mormon jurors, witnesses, officers, etc., all
bound by a secret oath of hostility not
oily lo all the laws of Congress, but to
ward all the officers of the U. S. Govern
ment, from President down to that of Mar
shal of the Torritory ef Utah.
At this lime (hero are five young men
lingering out a weary life of misery and
wretchedness, groaning beneath heavy
loads of iron, in the damp and dismal Culls
of the Utah Penitentiary, for no crime
known to tlie laws other than expressing
opinions of disapprobation of the doctrines
of Mormonism, which here is the blackest
crime a man can commit, li is worthy of
remark lhat these young men are not Mor
mons, but were passing, on their way to
California, from Missouri. Poor fellows!
they are doomed to a sickly and torturing
death, and that soon, for it is not possible
to survive such brutal trontmoiit very long.
Quito recently, a young man by the name
of Lewis was convicted of assault and bat
tery, and sentenced to five years' impris
onment in the penitentiary ; and while on
the way to the prison, a band of ruffians
look him away from the officer, and de
prived him of his , and then put him
into the prison lo die. These things are
loo common lo be endured much longor;
and uuless l ho Federal Government speed
ily lends aid unto her officers now in this
'lerrilory, the miserable ends of both
Mormons and officers of the Govrrnmcut
can bo better anticipated than told..
Amicus Curijg.
Salt Lako City, Jan. 7, 1857.
AVhsl We Urlak.
It appears from ihe report of Secretary
Guthrie of tbe Treasury Department, that
during the year ending Juno 30, 1630,
8,843,370 gallons of wine, spirits, and
malt liquor have been imported into this
country. The total value of these drluk
ablcs 18 80,176,U39 ; a snug little liquor
bill for Uncle Sam to foot up. Brandy,
we regret to say, forms the largest item in
the bill; 1,715,717 gallons have been con
sumed, et a cost of nearly $3,000,000.
The grain spirits importud fall a little be
low brandy in quantity (1,582,132 gallons)
but much below in value, ($772,070.)
Nearly a million of "other spirits" besides
are consumed, at an expense of $238,000.
On the other hand, we are glad to see thai
claret and other wines flow in a wholesome
stream, thus indicating a growing inclina
tion for continental beverages and conti
nental temperance.
Over a million and a half gallons of
claret, and nearly 700,000 gallons of other
red wines, were imported, at an aggregate
cost of about (900,000. We have drank
also 1,100,000 gallons of English and
Scotch ale, which is another encouraging
symptom, as showing a growing appetite,
for malt liquors in preference to pernicious
spirits.
The importations of Madeira, Port, and
Sicily wines have fallen off; tho supply
of Sherry, however, has increased from
4,085 gallons in 1843, to 400,000 gallons
in 1850.
Tiie recent modifications In the tariff
will undoubtedly increase Uncle Sam's
consumption of imported drinkables. It
is to be regretted, we think, that all duties
on light wines, &c, A-c, had not been re
moved ; no legislative step would have so
hastened the growth of temperate habits
among the people. JV. Y. Mirror,
Moumon Skhmox. Brigham Young,
the Mormon prophel, tb,us denounces one
Gideon, who had tho audacity to question
his prophetic character, and the purity ef
the "spiritual wife" system
"Who is this Gideon who has come
amongst you I He used to sell tape in
Si. Louis, and now he is here to blaspheme
the Lord and destroy the Mouse of ls'ael.
And what should ye, children or the cov
enant, do in return lor Ins evil work I
Out with the bowie-knives ye wore like
breast-pins at Nauvoo, and, in tbe nn.,ne
of God and the Prophet, give him J fell "
OtT An idea of the amount of letter
writing in the United Stales may bo in
ferred by the number of postage stamp
sold, which, during the last year, was one
hundred and fifty millions.
CCT Chief Justic Taney has adminis
tered Ihe oath of office lo Pressdents Van
Taylor, Fillmore,
ADVKUTISING ItATKfl.
Ono square (13 lines or lew) on iiiMrtmn, WflO
" two iwwrlioiH, 4,00
' tlmu insertions, ft.OO
Kadi mWqurut incrtlon, 1,00
Reasonable deductions lo those who advertise by
the year.
JOB PBINTIXQ.
Tirs raorsiKToa or tiis ARCH'S is irsrrr
to inform the public lliul lie lis juat received a
large stock of l(Jli 'J' Vl'H and ollirr uew print
ing iiuiteriul, sinl will Ik in tin ie.ly receipt of
nilililioii" niitcil lo all llie requirements of litis lo-
entity. JIANDHIIXH, l'OKlKltH, lll.ANKH.
CAKDH, (JIKCL'I.AIW, I'AMI'IILKT-WOKK
and oilier kimln. done to order, on uliort notice.
The Northwest la t0.
The Cincinnati Knquirer estimates that
the representation of the Northwest, under
tho census of 1800, will bo 73, divided as
follows: Ohio, 23; Indians, IS ; Illinois,
19 ! Michigan, 8; Iowa, 7; Wisconsin, 7.
H'l CI . I I... K 1 ... t .
These Stitics have now but Al member! in
the House of Representatives. A writer
in the Cincinnati Gazette thinks these
Slates wilt be entitled in 1800 to 70 mem
bersputting ihe present population at
7,000,000. Tbe following is bis estimate
of the population founded on the recent
vote :
Voters.
3:iU,4(KI
230,874
230,003
Ratio. Top.
. 3 3,222,32 '
b 1,31) 1,443
0 1,431,370 .
f,J 711,407
fl 687,231 '
0 530,87a
Ohio,
Indiana,
Illinois,
Michigan,
125,518
Wisconsin, 120,312
Iowa, 1)2,812
Total, 2,200,347 7,003,053 .
The population of the Northwestern
Slates al diffurcut periods, was a follows:
In 1800, 50,240
In 1810, 270,324
In 1820, 702,727
In 1830, 1,470,019
In 1840, 1,007,880
In 1850, 4,714,403
lu 1850, 7,003,033
Since 1820, a period of thirty-six years, :
the Northwestern Slates have increased at
the rate of 00 per cent, in each ten years
9 per cent, per annum until they are now
as populous ns the entire United Slates .
were in 1810; and, in all probability,
I hey will bo as populous in thirty years
more as the entire American Union is now.
To these Minnesota must hereafter b
added, which has now a population of near
200,000.
Transatlantic Telegraph a Fail
urk. The Scientific American publishes '
an article from Prof. Hall, and endorses it,
prophesying that the Ocean Telegraph
will result in a fuilure. In addition to tha
difficulties of laying a continuous wire ca
ble of such length and of preserving a
perfect insulation with a thin coating of
gutta percha, the following reason is as
signed for this opinion :
It can be rosily demonstrated that ft
coil of wire, ever bo well isolatod, if im
mersed in water, will not effect an electro)
magnet with the snmo power as iT rested
out of water. Tho proximity of so an
tagonistic an element produces a sensible
ellict upon the electric current, nnd would,
in the length ofcuble proposed, entirely
absorb the subtle fluid, tsppc'all all that
oiuld be forced through so small a wire ai
the one contemplated. Hut even admit
ting a communication possible, it is known
to electricians thut in submerged wires a
perceptible period of lima ellipses in tho
pi&sigeof tiie current, and that this peri
od increases with tho length of cable, and
that it requires some seconds of time be
fore tlie wire is uncharged aflor each signal,
In the length of cable proposed, accord
ing to recent experiments, it would require
over six seconds for each signal, making
less thsn ha'f a column in the New York
Herald for twenty-four hours work as its
possible capacity not one-twentieth the
probnblj demand.
Death or Rev. Drt. Smith. The dontli
of ono of tho most eminent American
Missionaries, Rev. Kli Smith, D. D., is re
ported in Kaslern journals. Dr. Smith
has passed nearly twenty-five yean aa a
Missionary, in the service of ibe American
Heard of Commissioners for Foreign Mis
sion, his field being Turkey and Syria. As '
the friend and companion of Dr. Robinson,
in his researches in the Holy Land, be
shares the fame of thut celebrated illustra
tor of Biblical science, lie advanced the
reputation of his country for intelligent
and scientific men, in European circles
his contributions to Geographical science
being recognized as valuable by ihe sa
vans of Germany nnd France. He was
widely known and distinguished for his at- '
tnininenls in tho Arabic language, and for
his translations of the Bible and other re
ligious works into that tongue. He died
al Beirut, Syria, on the litis of January
last, of cancer in the stomach.
Advices from Florida state that oar
troops there are engngad in active opera
tions against the Indians, Gen. Harney's
whole force being engaged. Major Pern
barton's command, consisting of Compa
nies F., F and K, had returned to Fort
Dallas in a starving condition, having lost
their way, aud been obliged to live on
horso flesh.
A terrible railroad accident occurred on
the Great Western Railroad, Canada, on
tbe 13,,'n ult , by which sixty people wora
Villtd, twenty-two injured, nnd but thirteea
escspfd. The accident occurred by the
breaking of ibe bridgs over Dei JardK
nes Canal.
CirTue CuHom Rv,auo f Canada,
for the hut fiscal year amounted to $4,-.
303,000, which is an increased of $1,000,
000 over the pret ious year. This increase,
has taken place under the new tariff, which
abolished the 30 per eent duty, and in-
created the specific duty on articles of lq,,
art-.