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ad rcccip's, probably, from that sourte.
These consideration will Jusiiry reduc
tlon of ill revenue from austnms, m m
it'H lo exceed forty-eight or fifty million
dollar. I think- the- eigmcy for uch
reduction U Imperative, and again urge il
upors trie consideration cf Congress.
The amount of reduction, well as the
manner of effeotiiif it, re question of
Sreal and genural mlerent ; II being rum.
ul to-industrial nterprtio and ih puMi
prosperity, a well a tli" dietato of ob
vlous justice, tlurt the harden of laiaiion
be msd to reel n equally a posiible upon
all classes, and ull suctions till interfile
of tlie country.
I havo heretofore rpommended to your
consideration the revision of the revenue
lfe, prepared under the direction of the
Secretary of the Treasury, aud alo leg
islation trpon lome special questions af.
(feeling the business of that department,
more especially the enactment ot a law to
punish the abstraction cf official book or
papers from the file of the government,
and requiring all ueh book and pa pirn
and all other public property to be turned
det by the out (join; officer to hi incce
r ; of a law requiring disbursing officers
lo deport all money in the vault of the
treasury or in other legal depositories,
where the .ime are conveniently access
ible ; and a law to extend penal provisions
tb all person who may become possessed
of public money by deposite or otherwise,
andwho shall refuse or neglect, on due
demand, to pay the tame into the treasury.
I invito your attention anew to each of
these objects.
The army during the past year has been
o constantly employed against hostile In
dian in various quarters that it can scarce
ly ba said, with propriety of language,
to have been a peace establishment. It
duties have been sstisfactorily performed,
and wo havo reason to expect, as a result
of tli year' operations, greater security
to the frontier inhabitant than ho been
hitherto enjoyed.
Extensive combinations among the hos
tile Indians of the Territories of Washing
ton and Oregon at one time threatened the
devastation of the newly-formed settle
ment of that remote portion of tb coun
try. From recent information we are
pormittcd to hope that the energetio and
auccessful operation conducted there will
prevent such combinations in the future,
and lecure to those Territories an oppor
tunity to make steady progress in the de
velopment of their agricultural and min
eral resources.
Legislation Lai boen recommended by
me on previous occasions to cure defect in
the existing organization, mid to increase
tlio efficiency of the army, and further ob
servation has but served to confirm me in
ihs views than expressed, and to in force
n my mind the conviction that sucb mea
sures are not only propor but necessary.
1 hive, in addition, to invite the atten
tion of Congress to a change of policy in
tlie distribution of troops, and to the neo
esily of providing a mora rapid increase
ef the military armament, hor details of
tbesoand other subjects rotating lo the ar
my, I refer to the report of the Secretary of
tvnr.
The condition of the navy is not mere
ly satisfactory, but exhibits the most grat
ifying evidences of increased vigor. As It
is comparatively small, it is more impor
tant that it should be as complete as poss
ible in ill the elements of strength ; that
it should be efficient in the character of its
officers, in the zeal and diaciplino of its
men, in the reliability of its ordnance, and
in the capacity of its ships.
In all these various qualities the navy
haa made jjreat progress within the last
few year. . 'J'he execution of the law of
Congress, of February 23, 18S5, "to pro
mote the efficiency of the navy," has been
attended by the most advnntngeous results.
Tlio law for promoting discipline among
tlio meu is found convenient and salutary.
The system of granting an honorable
discharge to faithful srnmen on the ex
pirationof the period of their enlistment,
and permitting them to re-enlist after a
leave or absence of a few months, without
cessation of pay, is highly lu iieficinl in its
influence'. J he apprentice system recently
adopted is evidently dust i nod (o incorporate
into the service a large number of our
erunlrymru hitherto so difficult to pro
euro.
Sovcrnl hundred American boys are now
on a threo years' cruise in our national
vosscU, and will return well trainod sea
men. In the ordiianco department there
is a decided and gratifying indication of
program creditable to Hand to the country.
I'he suggestions of the Secretary of the
Navy, in regard to further improvement in
that lirniich of the service, I commend to
your favorable netion.
The new frigates ordered by Congrea
are now afloat, nnd two of them in nctivc
service. They are superior models of na
val architecture, and with their formida
ble buttery add largely to our public
strength and security.
1 cuiicir in the view expressed hy the
Secretary of the Department in favor of a
still further increase of our naval force.
The report of thoSecrrtaiy of the In
terior prenrnts fuels end view in relation to
internal affairs over which the supervis
ion of his department extends, of much in
terpNt snd importance.
The eggrigiite sales of public lands,
during ihu hist fiscal year, amount to nine
million two hundred and twenty. seven
thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven
acre; for which ha been received the
sum of eight million eight hundred and
iwenty one thousand four hundred and
fourteen dollars.
During the same period there have been
located with military ncrip and land war
ranta, and for other purpose, thirty mill
ion ono hundred thousand two hundred and
thirty acres, thus making a total aggregate
of tbirly-tiine million three hundred and
twenly-eighl thousand one burdrid and
eight acrs.
On the 30th of September last, surveys
have been made of 10,873,009 acres, a
largo proportion of w hich is ready for
market
The suggestions in this report in regard
to the complication and progressive expan
sion of the different bureaux of the de
partment ; to the pension system ; lo the
Coloniislion of Indian tribes,, and tb reo
ommendation in relation lo various im
. provements in tha District of Columbia,
are especially commended to your consid
eration. Tha report cf tha postmaster general
present fully the conditio of thst d-
' nartment of the government. It expen
diture for the last fiscal year, were ten
million four hundred and seven thousand
eight hundred and aiyty-eight dollars ; strl
its gross receipts seven million six hundred
and twenty thousand and eight hundred
and one dollars making an excess or ex
pendilure over receipts of two million
seven hundred and eighty. seven thousand
a if I forty-alx dollar.
The deficiency of this department Is
thus seven hundred and lorty-Mur inout
nit t.ilturs irrosicr thnn for ilia vear end
lug June 8H, 1853. Of this deficiency,
three hundred and thirty thousand djllars
is lo ba attributed lo the additional com
pensation allowed postmasters by the act
of Congress of June 22, IS.Vl.
The mail facilities in every part of the
country have been very much increased in
that period, aud the large udJilion or rail
road service, amounting to seven thous
and nine hundred and eight miles, has add
ed largely to the cost of transportation.
1 be inconsiderable augmentation or the
income of the Tost Office Department un
der the reduced ratea of postage, and its
increasing expenditures, must, fur the pres
ent, make it dependent to some extent up
on the treasury for support.
The recommendations of the Post master
General, in relation to the abolition of the
franking privilege, and his view on the
establishment or mail steamship lines, de
serve the consideration of Congress. I
alio call the special attention of Congress
to the statement of tha rostmaster ucn-
eral respecting the sums now paid for the
transportation of mail to the Panama
Railroad Company, and commend to their
early and ravorabte consideration the sug
gestion of that officer in relation to new
contract for mail transportation upon that
route, and also upon the Tchuantepeo and
Nicaragua routes.
The United States continue in the en.
joyment of amicable relation with all
foreign powers.
AVhcn my last annual message was
transmitted to Congress, two subjects of
controversy, one relating to the enlistment
of soldiors in this country for foreign service
and the other lo Central America, threat,
encd to disturb good understanding be
tween the United States and Great Britain.
Of the prog rest and termination of the
former question you were informed ut (he
time ; and the other is now in the way of
satisfactory adjustment.
The object of the convention between
the United States and Great Britain of the
1 9th of April, 1850, waa to secure, for
the benefit of all nations, the neutrality
and tbe common use of any transit way, or
interoccanio communication, across the
isthmus of Panama, which might be open
ed within the limits of Central America.
The pretension subsequently asserted by
Great Britain, to dominion or control ovor
territories, in or near two of the routes,
those of Nicaragua and Honduras, were
deemed by the United States, not merely
incompatible with the main object of the
treaty, but opposed even lo its express
stipulations. Occasion of controversy on
this point has been removed by an addition
al treaty, which our miiiislor M London
has concluded, aodVwhieU w ill bo immedi
ately submitted to the Senate for it con
sideration. Should the proposed supple
mental arrangement be concurred in by
all the parties to be affected by it, the ob
jects contemplated by the original conven
tion will have been fully attained.
The treaty between tho United Statos
and Great Britain, of tho 6th of June,
1801, which went into effective operation
in 1855, put an end lo causes of irritation
between the two countries, by securing to
tho United Slates the right of fishery on
the const of the British North American
provinces, with advantages equal to those
enjoyed by British subjects. Besides tho
signal benefits of this treaty to a large
class of our citizens engaged in a pursuit
connected to no inconsiderable degree wiib
our national prosperity and strength, it has
had a favorable effect upon other inteiests
in the provision il made for reciprocal
freedom of trado between tt.e United Statos
and the British provinces in America.
The exports of domestic articles to thoso
provinces during the Inst year amounted
to more than twenty-two millions of dol.
lars, r.xcoeding those of tho proceeding
year by nearly seven millions of dollars;
and tho imports therefrom, during the
samo period, amounted to moro that twenty-one
million an increase of six million
upon those of tho previous year.
The improved condition of this branch
of our commerce is mainly attributed (o
the above mentioned treaty.
Provision was made, in the first article
of that treaty, for a commission to desig
nate tho mouths of rivers to which the
common right of fishery, on the const of
1 lie United Mates end the British Provin
ces, was not to extend. This commission
has been employed a part of two seasons,
but without much progress in accomplish
ing the object for which it w as instituted,
in consequenco of a serious difference of
opinion between tho commissioners, not
only as to precise point where the rivers
terminate1, but in many instances as to
what constitutes a river. These difficulties,
however, may be overcome by resort to the
umpiroge provided for by the treaty.
Tlio efforts perseveringly prosecuted
sinco the commencement of my adminis
tration, to relievo our trado to ihe Bdliic
from the exaction of sound due by Don
mark, have not yet been attended with
success. Other government have also
sought lo obtain a like relief to their com
merce, and Denmark was thus induced to
propose an arrangemeut lo all the Europ
ean Powers interested in the subject; and
the manner in which her proposition w as
received, warranting hor to believe that a
satisfactory arrangement w ith them would
soon bo concluded, she made a strong ap
peal to this government for temporary sus
pension of definite action ou its part, in
consideration of the embarrassment which
mijjlit resoli to her European negotiations
by an immediate adjustment of the ques
tion wiib tbe United State. This request
has boen acceded to, upon the condition
that the sum collected after the 16lh of
June last, and uatil the lCth of Jure next,
irom vessel ana cargoe belonging to our
merchants, are to be considered as paid un
der protest and subject to future adjust
ment, between Denmark and tha maritime
powers of Europe on tha subject, will be
sooa- concluded, and that tha pending ne
gotiation with tha United State may then
be resumed and terminated is a satisfac
tory manner.
With 9pain no new difficulties hare aris
en, nor hai much progress been made ia
the adjustment or pending one.
Negotiations entered into for th the pur
pose of relieving our commercial intercourse
with tha Mand ol Lu'a I soma 01 it Bur
den, and providing for the niore speedy
settlement of local dispute growing out of
that intercourse, have not yet been at
lelidnd with any result.
Soon after the commencement of the
late war in Europe, ibis government sub
milled to the consideration of all maritime
nations, two principle fr the security of
neutral commerce: one, that Hie neutral
flag should cover enemies' goods, except
articles contraband of war; and the other,
that neutral property on board merchant
vessels of bvlligi-reuts should be exempt
from condemnation, with the exception of
contrnband article. These were not pre
sentcd a now rules of international law ;
having been generally claimed by neutrals,
though not always admitted by belliger
ent. One of (he parties to the war Itu.
sia as well a several Ruulrul powers,
promptly acceded to these propositions
and tbe two other principal belligerents,
Great Britain and r ranee, having eon
sen led to observe them for lha present oc
casien, a favorable opportunity seemed lo
be presented for obtaining a general rec
ognition of them both in Europe and
America. But Great Britain and France,
in common with most of the states of Eu
rope, while forbearing to reject, did not
affirmatively act upoa the overtures of the
United slates.
While the question was in this position,
the representatives of Knasia, France,
Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, Sardinia,
and Turkey, assembled at Paris, took into
consideration I he subject of maritime rights,
and put forth a declaration containing the
two principles which this government had
submitted, nearly two years before, to the
consideration of maritime powers, and add
ing thereto-the following projiosittons :
"Privateering is aud remains abolished,"
and " Blockades, in order to be binding,
must be effective, that is to say, maintained
by a force sufficient really lo prevent access
lo the coast or the enemy and to (be dec
laration thus composed of four points, two
of which had already been proposed by the
United slates, this government has been
invited to accede by all the powers repre
sented at-Paris, except Great Britain and
nirkey.
To-lho lust of the two additional proposi
tions that in relation lo blockades there
can certainly be no objectiou. Il is merely
the definition of what shall constitute the
effectual investment of a blockaded place, a
dr liniiion for which this government has
always contended, claiming indemnity for
losses where a practical violation of the
rule thus defined has beon injurious to our
commerce. As to Ihe remaining article of
tlio d'olaratibn of the conference of Paris,
"that privateering is and remains abolish
ed," I certainly cannot ascribe to the pow
ers represented in the conference of Paris,
nny but liberal and philanthropic views in
the attempt to change the unquestionable
rule of maritime law in regard to privutcer-
ing. 1 heir proposition was doubtless in
tended to imply approval of tho principlo
that private property upon the ocenn, al
though it might belong to citizens of a bel
ligerent Slate, should bo exempted from
capture; and had that proposition been so
framed ns to give full effect to the principlo,
it would have received my ready assent on
behalf of the United States.
But the measure proposed is inadequate
to that purpose it is true that if adopted,
private properly upon tho oceon would be
withdrawn from ono modo of plunder, but
left exposed, meanwhile, to another mode,
which could be, used with increased effect
iveness. Tho aggressive capacity of groat
naval powers would be thereby augmented,
wiula tho dctonsive ability of others would
to rouueod. 1 hough the surrender of the
means of prosecuting hostilities by employ,
ing privateers, as proposed by the confer
ence oi runs, is mutual in terms, yet in
practical effect, it would bo the relinquish
ment of a right of little value to one class
ol states, but of essential importance to-nn
other and a fur larger class. It otiirht not
to havo been, anticipated that a measure,
so umdcqtiato to the Accomplishment of the
proposed oliiect, and so unequal a its oper
ation, would receive tho assent of all mar
itime powers. Private property would be
still left to the depredations cf tho public
armed cruisors.
I have expressed a readiness on the part
of this government, to accede to all tho
principles contained in tho declaration of
tho conference of Paris, provided that rela
ting to the alwndonnientuf privateering can
be fo amended as to effect the object for
which, as Is presumed, it was intended, the
immunity or private property on the ocean
from hostilo capture. To effect this object,
it is proposed to add to the declaration that
"privateering is and remains abolished,"
the loMowing amendment : "And that the
private property of subjects end citizens of
a belligerent on the high seas shall bo ex
empl from seizure by ihe public armed
vessels of the other belligoient, except it
bo contraband. ilhj amendment has
oern presentea not only to the powers
winch havo asked our assent to tho decla
ration lo abolish privateering, but to all
other maritime States. Thus far it has
not been h jecicd by any, and is favorably
entertained by all which have mado any
communication in reply.
Several of the governments, regarding
with favor tho proposition of the United
States, have delayed definitive action upon
it, only for the purpose of consulting with
oihers, parlies to the conference of Paris.
I have the satisfaclioa of staling, however,
that tho Emperor of Russia has entirely
and explicitly approved of that modifica
tion, and will co-operate in endeavoring to
obtain the assent of other powers:, and that
assurances of a similar purport have been
received in relation to the disposition of the
Emperor-of the French.
The present aspect of this important sub.
jeet allows us to cherish the hope lhat a
principle so humane in it character, so
just and equal in its operation, so essential
to the prosperity nf commercial nations.
and so consonant to tbe sentiments of this
enlightened period of the world, will com-
mand the approbation of all maritime pow
ers, and thus be incorporated into tha code
of international lav.
My views on the subject are more fully
set forth in-lhe reply of tha Secretary of
State, a eopy of which is herewith trans
mitted, to the communications on the sub
ject made to this government, especially lo
the communication of France.
. The government ef th United State
has at all lime regarded with filmdly in
Ure.t the other Sutesofmerica, formerly,
like thi country, European colonies, and
now Independent members of the great ram
ily of nations. Bui the unsci:d condition
of some of them, distracted by frequent
revolutions, and thus incapable of regular
and firm internal administrate, has tended
lo embarrass occasionally our publio inter
course, by reason of wrongs which our cit
izens suffer at their bands, and which they
are slow to redress.
Unfortunately il is against the Republic
tf i.i. -.. . .1.
(1 Jlexivo, vim wnicu ii our sh-coii uo-
sire to maiutaiu a good understanding, lhal
such comflainls are most numerous; and
although earnestly urged upon Its alten
lion, Ihey have not as yel received the con
sideration which this government had' a
riiiht to expect. While reparation for
past Injuries ha been withheld, olhors
have been added.- lha political conditiou
of that country, however, bi brtn inch a
to demand forbearance on the part or t,li
United States 1 shall continue my effort
to procure for lha wrongs of'our citizen
lhal rod res which it indispensable to ihe
continued friendly assoviatioQ of lha two
UepuUica.
Tha peculiar condition of affairs Id Nic
aragua in lha early part of tha present
year, rendered il important that this gov
eminent should have diplomatic relations
with that state. 1 brough iu territory had
been opened one of the principal thorough
fares across the isthmus connecting Jorlh
and South ' America, on ' which a vast
amount of property1 waa transported, aud
to which our citizens ' resorted in' great
numbers, in passing hot ween the Atlantio
and Pacific coasts of the 'United Stales.
The protection of both required lhat the
existing power in that slate should be re
garded as1 a responsible government ; and
its minister was accordingly received.
Bui he remained here otily a short lime.
Soon thereafter the political affair of
Nicaragua underwent unfavorable. change,
pnd became involved in much uncertainty
and confusion. Diplomatio representa
tives from two contending parlies have
been recently sent lo this government ; but,
with the i m per feci information possessed,
it was not impossible lo decide which was
tho govcrnmeut at Jaeto ; and awaiting
further developments, I hare refused to re
ccive either.
Questions of the most serious nature aro
pending between the United States and the
republic of New Granada. 1 he govern
ment of that republie undertook, a year
since, to impose tunnnge duties Dn foreign
vessels in her pons, but the purpose was
resisted by this government, ns being con
trary to existing treaty stipulation with the
United states, and to rights conlerred by
artcr unon the I'annma Kuilroad Com
ity, and was accordingly relinquished
at that timo, it being admitted that 'our
vessels wcro entitled to bo exempt from
tonnage duty in tho free ports or Panama
and Aspinwall. But the purposo has been
recently revived, on the part of New Gra
nada, by the enactment of a law to sub
ject vessels visiting her ports lo the ton,
nage duly or torly cents per ton ; and
although the law has not been put in force,
yet the right to enforce it is still asserted,
and may, at any time, be acted- on by the
governmnntof that republic.
Ihe Congress of New Granada ho en
acted a law, during Iho last year, which
levies a tax of more than three dol la is -on
every pound of mail matter transported
across the Isthmus. The sum thus re
quired to be paid on the mails of the Uni-
ted btutes Would bo nearly-1 o million of
dollars annually, in addition to the large
sum payable by contract to the Panama
Ilailroad Company. li the only object
ion to this exaction were the exorbitancy
of its amount, il could not bo submitted
lo by the United States.
The imposition of it: however, would
obviously contfaveno our treaty with New
Granada, and infringo the contract of that
republio with the Panama Railroad Com
pany.. The law providing for this tax was,
by its terms, to take edict on the first of
September Inst, but the local authorities on.
Iho Isthmus have been induced to suspend
its execution, and to await further instruc
tions on the subject from the government
of tho republic. I am not yet advised of
the determination of that government. If
a measure so extraordinary in its charac
ter, and so clearly contrary to treaty stip
ulations, and tho contract rights of the
Panama Uailroad Company, composed
mostly of American citizens, should be
persisted in, it will bo the duty of tho
Lntted states to resist Us execution.
I regret exceedingly that occasion ex
ists to invite your attention to a subject
or still graver import in our relations with
the Republic of New Granada. On the
fifteenth day of April last, a riotous as
semblage of tho inhabitants of Panama
committed a violent and outrageous attack
on the promises of the railroad company,
and the passengers and other persons in or
near the same, involving Ihe death of sev
eral citizens of the United States, the
pillage of many others, and the destruc
lion of a large amount of property be
longing to the railroad company, I caused
full investigation of lhat oventto bo made,
and the result show satisfactorily that
completo responsibility for what occurred
attaches to the government of New Gra
nada. I have, therefore, demanded ofthat
government that the perpetrators oMtve
wrbngs in question shall ' ba punished ;
that provisions should be made for the
families of citizens of the United Slates
who were killed, with full indemnity for the
property aillasred or destroyed.'
The present condition of tho Isthmus of
fanama, in so far as retards the securitv
of persons and properly; passing over it,
requires serious consideration. Recent
incidents tend to show that the local au
thorities cannot be relied on to maintain
the pubtio peace of Panama, and there is
just ground for apprehension that a por
tion ot lha inhabitants are meditating
further witrages, without adequate meas
ures for the security and protection of
persons or property havinir been taken
either by the State of Panama, or by the
general government of New Granada.
Under the guaranties of treaty, citizens
of the United States have, by tbe outlay
of several million of dollars, constructed
a railroad across the Isthmus, and it has
became the main route between our Atlan
tic and Pacific possessions, over which mnl.
titudeeof our citizens and a vast amount of
property are constant!' passing to ih
curity and protection t fall which; and the
continuance or the pnbhc advantages in.
yolred, it ia impossible for the government ;
of the Uuittd Stairs lo ba indifferent.
I hate doemud the danger of lha recur
rence of scenes of lawless violence In this
quarter so imminent a lo make ft my duty
lo station a part of our nival force in lha
hsibers of Panama and Aspinwall, in order
lo protect ihe person and prnjteriy of the
citizens of tho United Stale in ihose port,
and lo insure lo ihun safe page aero.
the Nihtiiu. And it would, in my judg
ment, ba unwise to withdraw tba naval
force now in those ports, until or ina spon
taneous selion of tha republie of New lira
nada, or otherwise, omo adequate arrange
inrnl shall have been made for tha proteo-
lion and security of a lino of interocranic
coinuiuiiieatiua so important nt thl lime,
not to the United State only, but lo all
othor maritime State, both of Europe ami
America. , ,
Meanwhile, negotiation have beon In
stllulbd by mean of a special commission,
lo obtain from Now Granada full indum.
uity for injuries sustained by our citizens
on lite Isthmus, and satisfactory security
for Ihe general interest of the United
Slate.
In addressing to you my last annual
message, th occasion seems to ma an ap
propriate one lo express ray congratulations
in view oi i oe pence, grca.uvss, biiu iciiciiy
which the United Slates now possess aud
enjoy. To point you to the stale of the
various departments "of the Government,
and of all ihe, great branches or lha publio
service, civil snd military, in order to speak
of Ilia intelligence and the integrity which
nervkdo the whole, would be lo indicate
but imperfectly the administrative condi
tion of the country, and the beneficial
effects of lhat on the goneral welfare. Nor
would It suffice lo say thai lha nation is
actually al peace at homo and abroad;
lhat it industrial interests are prosperous ;
that lha canvas of its' mariners whitens
evory sea ; and Ihe plow of its husbandmen
is marching steadily onward to the blood
less conquest of the continent ; that cities
and populous State are springing up. a
if by enchantment, from tho bosom bf 'our
Western wilds, and that 'iho courageous
energy of ouf people is making these
United States 'the Great Republic of 'the
world.' t t
These' results havo not been' attained
without passing through I rials nnd peiils,
by experience of which, and thus only, na
tions can harden into manhood. Our
forefathers were trained to the wisdom
which conceived, and the courage which
achieved, independence, by the circum-
sluncos which surrounded them, nnd they
wcro thus mudecapabto or tho creation ol
the Republic. It devolved on lha next gen
eration to consolidate the work of the Rev
olution, to deliver the country entirely from
the influences of conflicting, trswiathuitio
partialities or antipathies,' which attached
to bur1 colonial and revolutionary history,
and to organizo the practical operation of
the constitutional and . legal instil utniur of
ihe Union'.'
To us, of this generation! remains the
not less noble t.ibk of maintuininr and
extending tho power of 'tlie luitcd.Siates.
W e have, at lenglh, reached lhat stnuo of
the national career, -its which the dangers
to bo encountered, nnd the exertions lo be
made, are the incident,, not of weakness,
but of sircngih'.' la our foreign relations
wo have lo et'emper our power lo the less
h'appj. condition of other republics in
America, and to place ourselves, in 'the
cidiimess and' conscious dignity of right,
by the tide of the greatest a ad wealthiest
oi uio empires oi uuropo. in our no-
-I- .1. . ! . r
mestio relations we have lo guurd against
the shock of (he discontents, the ambitions,
tho interests, and the exuberant, and, there
fore, sometimes ii regular impulses of opin
ion, or ot action, whtcti are the natural
product of the present political elevation,
the self-reliance, and the restless -spirit of
enterprise of the people of - the United
States.
1 shall prepare td surrender the Execu
tive trust to my successor, and lo retire to
privata life with' sentiments of profound
gratituda to the good Providence which,
during the period of my administration, has
vouchsafed to carry the country through
many difficulties, domestic nnd foreign, and
to cnablo me to contemplate the spoctnele
of amicable and respectful relations be
tween ours and all other Governments,
nnd the establishment of constitutional
order and tranquillity throughout the
Union.
FRANKLIN TIERCE.
Washington, Dec. 2, 1830.
Malleable Irok Direct fkom thbOiie,
A discovery of no small interest has re
cently been made in- the mode of manu
facturing iron. This -metal, .which has
now become one of Ihe instruments of
civilization, promises to be as ductile, as
any manufacturer can wish. Hitherto,
two processes nave been necessary in, order
to ob'am pure iron from tho. ore. First,
by means of the blast furnace, ihe ore. is
converted into pig or cast iron. Second,
by tuo use ot the puddling furnace, pier
iron is converted into wrought ironr
liach process is very expensive. A new
process. ha& recently been tried by Mr. M.
S. Salter,.. of Newa'k. New Jersey, bv
which only ono operation is necessary, so
that malleable iron can be made from, the
ore at the same expense as vis iron.
inn impiinues oi me ore are expelled
by exposing it to a moderate beat during
the first stages of the progress and bv a
Ti. : .l " .. .
gradual increase ot me temperature. Or.
dinnrily the ore, which is an oxide oCiron,
remains tor twelve Hours in the bias: fur
nace, and is then drawn off as pig iron,
which is a carburet of iron. That is. the
ore has been de-oxidised and af erward car.
buretted by Ihe contact with th carbon in
the fuel in which it is burnt. The problem
has been to stop the process at that point
when the or i tbouroughly de-oxidised
for then it is pure wroogbviron. This im
portant desideratum is accomplished by
Rfrl Salter's new process, which it.is churned
will yield a greater percentage of metal
from any given amount of ore 'than is oh;
tained by any furnaces heretofore rued.
ftt" A writer ftoro Melbourne, Austra-
lis, says: If any proof-were wanted of
the necessity for bringing to bear upon the
Polynesian alLthe civilizing influences
lhat are withia our reach, I may mention
tho melancholy intelligence that two mis
sionaries and their wive hv rcecml
been murdered and eaten by aavages of
one of the New Hebrides.
Senator Douglas has married Miss Cults.
dDrcsott atous.
w. u. sosns, aniToa se AoNnma""
omoow CITTv i
SATURDAY, JANUARY 8, i837t
rrrtUtai'i n.tMMt7 "
We print loday what i. commonl,
termed lha President Message, hut which
might be moro appropriiiely ctti t
chunk of a slump speech. If j, tjj
an A'chison, a Stringfullow, or aJ0W
would like to have 11. If 'jf was not writ,
ten ly biilly Brooks, the man who did
write it certainly stolo Brooks' speech of
Oct. 3J as a model.
Tha following passage from Brook
speech In South Carolina serves 'at fc l?h
for Ihe bulk of tbe message : -
" Now, fellow-cilizens, it is" liHpossill hi
make a speech on a political qne.iioo with
out going into lhal ubjeei which i tk$
politic of the county. Wk uave'nb boll
lies but tho nigger."
In fact It would requlro hut a very f,
"slight variations" to turn this fire eaLtr'e
speech into an admirable messsg fora Joi
cofboo President. The Nebraska bill ws
served up to (So partj'wiifi stuffing w,cnj
llonton called "a bit of stump speech,
injccled into the belly' of 'the bill In fbU
lowing out the Douglas programme', iri tha
pirlt of progrewiva democracy, ihe Pr?.
dent ha stuffed bis message with a moo.
atrous stump speech, and packed 'it awaa
win, uio iiinuei in uio vineinnati plsiformi
We have no doubfthal Pierce and Brooks-
and politicians of thkt' ilk' pronounce if a,
marvelous production, beautiful and corns,
ly in all 'its parte. Wo hop they wi
pardon us for expressing the opinion thai
It look! uecWedlylod corpulent. Like old
Pickwick, its hdge'ness of abdominal devil.'
opmchts'ilty corresponds wiibi'its drum.
stick supporters.
Brobk -salt irr1 his speech, I have cot
but one issue, and that is the negro."
tierce stands upon precisely the same plat.
furmj artd so dotf iho party. As long as'
Hie party exuts, tho " negro" will be th
great burthen of atump speeches, me.'
ages, nnd Cabinet councils'. At all liiuki'
and upon all occasions il w ill be thrust into
Ihe fucos of the American people, swiih '
command to swallow il uttered biheoffW
ciult with tho defiant spect of Po!'
when he said "we will uhdueyou,',at lha
same time everybody who i opposed to'
the niggor driving, policy of ih parly will'9
be begged of' "not' to! toy wyMfr-ueii'
ulavcry"
l'.aarusV'
The Lncofoco momliersbfiha LegisTatora"
hnd a very interesting timoof il ar a party?
caucus' held in-' SulJin 'last' Monday night
for the purposo of." nominating Territorial 1
officers. After the business of nominating-
was gone through with, a set of resolutions
reading tho Standard out of the party was"
introduced and advocated "vehemently br
Smith of L'inii. A motion' was 'made by,1
Col. Keller to lay them over till Tuesday1
night. Smith objected, and' urged their"'
immediate adoption, iu a "lengthy, charao-
teristic speccS', rehearsing. a portion of lha-'
past history of the party with- which hat
stands connected, its unparalleled succes,t
its gigsntio growth, iu hard fought battles'
and brilliant victories, together with its
dreadful sufferings from the artillory of the
opposition, nnd, adopting ihe sentiment of
Eneas in his painful rehearsal to Dido of
Trojan suffering nnd Trojan prowess in tha
ton years' siege that ended in the sick of
Troy,
El quorum pan magna fui,
which, being liberally renderedy. means
" I consider myself to have been tho tf ggesb
toad in' the puddle." '
This powerful appeal being made, with"
eyes watering,, head thrown back, bosom
heaving, nnd jaws distended, the orator
assumed a rigid position, drew himself, up.
in awful grandeur, and, .with-aamnjejly t
ed ipsing a thundering Jupiter, exclaimed
"If these resolutions eiVr .passed, Jshalli
leave tba-demaciatio pirty, and. retire lo,
my farm; and, if they ajnVpassad by.
thi&caucus, I have made'up.rrty mJad.thaV
either lha Siandard-man or I .will.Jite Ma
dust" ! f:
Hereupon the small fry of the buihit--school
-shook terribly; in their bpotsaneV:
relfas though, they jouId Var.taV pdlars,
of. "our party's." ftViQ squeaking al lha
tugging of this political Sampson. Mf.
Shuck proposed- the- following, addition to.
the string of resolution:
" Resolved, That all who do not, adopt
tbe Statesman as their political, organ, be.,
read-out of the party.''"
Col. Kelley here made-a wrathy peech
against forcing Smith Yresolinion tbroogh
at ooce wh.eteupou-.lh.cqr vre.Iidv
till Tuesday, night. .
"t3T Messrs. Boulon. arid. .Wood,- to
gether with the infant son of the former, .
boy of seven and a half yers of gt.
gave two musical concerts in thi city oq,
Saturday and Monday nights', mncb, to tba
delight of our citizens, TN ?J H?"
to handle a violin from, inslincj, aqd iwo
are no reason, why ha may not reach tba
acme of fame to which Handet and Mozart
climbed in Germany.
Mpzart was Lorp j0 7jf?t and, when
boy, waslikeyoung Boojop, a asters! mu
sician. When grown tp manhood ba per
formed the remarkable feat of memory a
taking down a celebrated piece of music bo
had heard in the Sistioe Chapel be for,
and afterward correcting the Bole a b?
htlJ thorn in the cjown of his bat.