THE OREGON ARGUS.
res-isur.o zrw satusiuv mosnikq,
BY" WILLIAM L. ADAMS.
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RESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
FtUuw-Citizene of the Senate
oW of the lionet Rrprtetmtativet
1 Tho Constitution of the United Sutra
provides that Congress shall assemble aimu
iillv on tho first Monday of December, and
it fin been usual for the President to muke
no communication of a public character lo
the Senate and (louae of Representatives
until advised of their readiness to receive iu
I hnve deferred to this usage until the close
of tho firt month of the session, but my
convictions of duly will not permit me Ion
- ger to postpone the discharge of the obliga
' lion enjoined by I lie Constitution upon the
' l'residont "to give to the Congress inform
lion of the State of the Union, and recom
mend to their consideration such niea-uri-s
as he shall judge neci-ssnry aad expedient.''
It is matter or congratulation thai tho
tlepublic is tranquilly advancing in a career
of prosperity and peace,
; roKRtBN UELATIONS. CENTRA t. AVKBICA.
Whilst relation1) of amity continue lo ex
ist between the United States and nil for
eign powers, with some of them crave qm-s
lions are depending, which mny require the
consideration of Congress.
Of such questions the most important is
that which has arisen out of the negotia
tions with Great Britain, in reference to
.Central America.
t liy the convention concluded between the
two government on the lOili or April,
1850, both parties covenanted tliut "neither
' will ever occupy, or fortify, or colonize, or
assume or exercise any dominion over, Nic
aragua, Costa Rica, the Mosquito coast, or
any part of Central America."
It the undoubted flwdors'.aiiding of i
the United Suites in making Hint treaty,
that all the present Slates of tho lower
republic Of Central America, and the entire
territory of each, would thenceforth enjoy
' complete independence ; and that both con
tracting parties engaged equally, and to the
same extent, for the prest.nl and for the fu-
ture, that if cither then had any claim of
right in Central America, uch chum, and
nil occupation or autherity under St, Were
unreservedly relinquished by the stipulation
of tho convention ; and that no dominion
was thereafter to bo exercised or a sunn-d
in any part of Central America, by Givnt
Britain or the United States.
This government consented lo restrictions
. iu regard to a region of country wherein we
had specific and peculiar interests, only upon
'the conviction that the like restrictions were
in the same sense obligatory on Ureal Brit
ain, . But for this understanding of the
force and effect of the convent ion, it would
never hnve been concluded by us.
So clear was tbis understanding on the
part of the United States, that, in corres
pondence contemporaneous with ilieratifica
tion of the convention, it was distinctly ex
pressed, that the mutual covenants of n"n
occupation were not intended to apply to
the British establishment at the Bnlize.
This qualification is to be ascribed to the
fact that in virtue of successive trentW
with previous sovereigns o( the country.
Great Britain had obtained a concession of
the right to cut mahogany or dye woods at
the Balize, but with positive exclusion of all
domain or sovereignty ; and thus it con
firms thn natural construction and under
stood import of the treaty as to all the rest
of the region to which the stipulations ap
plied. .
Jt, however, became apparent, at an early
-6ny after entering upon the dicliage of my
preseot functions, that Ureal Britain t:ll
continued in Xhe exercise- or assertion of
large authority in all that part of Central
-America commonly cal'rd the Mosquito
coast, and covering thrf entire length of the
State of Nicaragua and a part of Costa Ri
ca ; that she regarded the Balize as her ab
aolute domain, aud was gradually extending
iu limits at the cxpenso of the Slate of
'Honduras; and that she had formally coin
'nized It considerable insular croup known as
the Bay islands, aud belonging, of right, to
"that Slate.
All these ads or pretensions of Great
Britain, being contrary to tho rights of the !
States of Central America anil to the mani
fest tenor of her stipulations with the Uni
ted States, as understood by this govern
ment, have been made the subj ft of nego
tiation through the American Minister m
London. I transmit herewith tho instruc
tions to him on the subject, and the corres
pondjqce between him and the British Sec
retary for Foreign Affair, by y'u
will perceive tnat tii two gocrwu.-i. u,.. .
widely and irreconcilably as to the construc
tion of the convention, and iu effect on their
respective relations to U-ntral America
ircat Britain so construes the convention l
mm
W. U AUAMM.
V.alUr lrrlrtar."'
VOL 1.
as to maintain unchanged all her previous
pretensions over the Mosquito const, and iu
difforont part of Central America. These
pretensions, as to the Mosquito coast, are
founded on tho assumption of x,iticu! rela
tion between Great Britain and thn remnant
oi a tr.oe or Indians on that coast, entered
into at a time when the whole country was
colonial possession of Spain. It cannot
oe successiuny controverted, that by the
public law of Europe and America, no nos-
aiblo act of such Indians or their predeces
sors couia con:crou ureal untain any polit
ical riguia.
Ureal Britain does not allerre the assent
oi opain as lue origin or her claims on the
Moiquilo coast. She has, on the contrary,
by repeated and successive treaties, renounc
on. . . . - . .
ed aud relioquithed all pretensions of her
own, ana recognized the full and sovereign
nguis oi spam in me most unequivocal
terms. Yet these pretensions, so without
solid foundation in tho beginning, and thus
repeaieoiy abjured, were at a rrcent period
revived oy ureal untain azainst the Cen.
tral American States, the legitimate succes
sors to all me ancient jurisdiction of Spain
in that region. They wore first applied
only lo a defiued part of the coast of Aica.
rauua, afterwards to the whole of its Allan
tic coast, and, lastly, to a part of the coast of
Isosta llica ; and they are now reassert, d lo
this extent, noi withstanding enjisgn lie ills
to the United States.
On the eastern coast of Nicaragua and
Costa Rica thn interference of Great Brit
ain, though exerted at one time in the form
of military occupation of the port of San
Juan del Norte, then in the peaceful pos
session of the appropriate authorities of the
Antral American biates, is now presented
by her as the rightful exercise of a protec
torship over the Musquio tribe of Indians,
But the establishment at the Balize, now
reaching far beyond its trenty limit into
tho State of Honduras, and that of the Bay
Islands, appertaining of right to ifie same
suite, are as (I is ti nelly colonial govern
ments as those of Jamaica or Canada, and
therefore coii'rary to the very letter as well
as the spirit of the convention with the Uni
ted Slates, as it was at the time of ratif.ca
t on. aud now is, understood by this gov
ern mi lit.
The interpretation which the British gov
ernment, thus in assertion and act, persists
in ascribing to the convention, entirely
chatigi-s its character. While it holds us to
all our obligations, it in a great measure re
leases (ireat Britain from those which con
stituted tho consideration of this govern
ment for entering into the convention. It
is impossible, in my judgment, for the Uni
ted Stales to acquiesce in such a construction
of the respective relations of the two gov
ernments to Central America.
To a renewed call by this government
upon Great Britain, to abide by, and carry
into etf ct, the stipulations of the conven
tion according to Us obvious import, by.
withdrawing from the possession or coloni
.atioli of port ons of the Central American
Ma es of Honduras, Nicaragua and Cota
Kie l, the British uovenmeiit has at leng'li
replied, allii'miug that the operation of the
tn aiy is prospective only, ami ui I noi r
pure ui'. at liritam to auamlon or contract
any possessions held ly herin U ntral Amer
ica at the date of its coliclu-ion.
This reply subs itutes a partial issue, in
the place of the general on-- poesented by
tie. United State. The British govern
ment passes over ill'! question of the rights
of Gieat Britain, real or supposed, in Cen
tral America, and assumes that she had
such rights at tho date of the treaty, and
that those rights coinpreh.-nd'-d the protec
torship of the Mosquito Indians, the ex
tend' d jurisdiction and limits of the Balize,
and the colony of the Bay Islands,- and
thereupon proceeds by impii;ation to infer
that, if the stipulations of the treaty be
merely future in effect, Great Britain mav
still continue to hold the contested portions
of Central America. The United States
cannot admit eiiher tho inference or the
premises. We steadily deny that, at the
date of the treaty, (Ireat Britain had any
possessions there, other than the limi'ed
and peculiar establishment at the Balize,
and maintain that, if she had any, they
were surrendered by the convention.
This itavernmetit, recognizing thr obliga
tions of the treatv, lias of course desired to
see it executed iu flood faith by both par
tics, and in the discussion, therefore, has
not looked to rights, which we might a
sert, indepeiid' titly of the treatv, in con
sideration of our lieographical position, ami
of oilier circumstiino-s, which create for us
relations to the Central American States
diff rent from those of any government of
Europe.
The Briiish government, in its last com
munication, alihough well knowing the
views of the United States, still declares
thai it sees no reason why a conciliatory
spirit may not enable tho two governments
to overcome all obstacles to a satisfactory
adjustment of the aubj:t.
Assured of the correctness of the con
struction of the treaty constantly adhered
to by this government, and resolved to in
sist on the right of the United Slates, yet
actuated also by the same desire, which is
mowed by the British government, to re
move all causes of serious misunderstanding
between two nations associated by so many
tii s of interest and kindred, it has appeared
to me proper not to consider an amicable so
lution of the controversy hopeless-
a
There is. however, reason to appretieno,
that, with Croat BnUin .a the actual occu-
, f AMKRICA kltaaw aoasal
j aHwi aauiat at l.eraael.
OKgQOW CITT, OKBOOIf TBKKlTOaT, IATPIDA7, r BBS. VAX. IT 33, 1S.
palion of tho disputed territories, and the
treaty therefore practically null, so far as
regards our rights, this international difficul
ty cannot long remain undetermined, wi h
out involving in serious danger the friendly
relations, which it is the interest as well as
toe duty of both countries to cherish and
preserve. It will allbid nut sincere gratifi
cation, if future efforts shall remit iu the
success, anticipated heretofore with more
commence tiiaii the apeci of the case per
mils me now to entertain.
RECRUITMENT.
One other subject of discussion between
the United S ates and Great Britain Las
grown out of the attempt, which tho exi
genciea of the war in which she is engaged
with Russia induced her lo make, to draw
recruits from the United States.
It is tho traditional and settled policy of
the United Stales to maintain impartial
neutrality during the wars, which from time
lo lime occur among the great po.wer of
the world. Performing all the dunes of
neutrality towards the n-spective belligerent
Slates, wo may reasonably expect them not
to interfere with our lawful enjoyment of
its benefits. Notwithstanding toe existence
of such hostilities, ourcilizens retain the in
dividual righi continue all their accustom
ed pursuits, by land or by aea, at home or
abroad, subject only to such restrictions in
this relation, as the laws of war, the usage
of nations, or special iroalies, may impose;
and it is our sovereign right that our terri
tory and jurisdiction shall not bo invaded
by cither of the belligeieni parlies, lor the
transit of their armies, the operations of
their fleets, the levy of treops for their aer-
ice, the tilling out of cruisers by or against
e t her, or any other act or incident of war
And these uni'eniable righu of neutrality,
individual and nutioual, the United Slates
will under no circumstances surrender. t
- In pursuance of this policy,' the laws of
the Uuited Siates do not forbid their citi
zens to sell lo ei'her of the belligerent Pow
ers articles, contraband of war, or to take
munitions of war or soldiers on board their
private ships for transport a' ion ; and al
though, in so doing, the individual citizen
exposes his properly or person to some of
the hazards of war, bis acta do not involve
any breach of national neutrality, nor of
themselves implicate the Government.
Thus, during the progress of the present
war iu Europe, ourcilizens have, without
nationall responsibility therefore, sold guu-
powder and arms to all buyers, regardless
of the destination of those articles. Our
merchantmen bave been, and still continue
to be, largely employed by Great Britain
and by trance, in transporting troops, pro
visions, and munitions of war to the princi
pal seat of military operations, and in bring
ing home their sick and wounded soldiers ;
but such use of our mercantile marine is
not interdicted either by the international,
or by our muncipal law, and therefore does
not compromit our neutral relations with
iiussia.
But our muncipal law, in accordance wi h
the law of nations, perctntorily forbids, not
only foreigners, but our own citizens, to lit
out, within the limits of the United Siates,
a vessel to com nit hostilities against any
Slate with which tho United States aro a,
peace, or increase the force of any foreign
anned vessel intenui-a tor eucu uosiiiiues
against a friendly State.
Whatever concern may have been full by
either of the bi-lligeren powers lest private
armed cuisers, or other vessels, in the ser
vice of one, migliise tilted out in the, ports
of this country to depredate on the property
of the other, all such fears have proved to
be utterly groundless. Our citizens have
been withheld from any such act or purpose
by good faith, and by respect for the law.
While the laws or the Union are Mills
peremptory in their prohibition of the equip
mentor armament of belligerent cruisers in
our pons, they provide not loss absolutely
that no person shall, within ibe territory or
jurisdiction of the United States, enlist or
enter h.mself.or lure or retain anotner per
son to rnl'st or enter himself, or to go be
yond the liiniis or jurisdiction of the Unit' d
Statee with intent to be enlisted or entered,
in tho service of any foreign State, either as
a sol'liur, or as a marine or seaman on board
of any vessel-ol-war, letter or marque, or
privateer. A nd these enactments Bra also
in strict conformity with the law ot nations
hich declare, that no State has ibe right
to raise troops for land or sea service in an
other State without it consent, and thai
heiher forbidden by the municipal law or
not, tho very attempt to do it, without such
consent, is an attack on ilia national sov
ereignty.
Such being the public right- ana me
municipal law ot the L in ten n aies, no
solicitude on the subject was entertained by
this Government, when a year since, the
British Parliament pxssed an act to provide
for the enlistment of foreigners in the mili
tary service of Great Britain. Nothing on
the face of the act, or in iu public history,
indicated that the British Government pro
posed to attempt recruitment in the United
Status ; nor did ii ever give intimation of
such iutention to tbis Government. It was
matter of surprise, therefore, to find, subse
quently, that the engagement of persons
within tho United States to proceed to Hal
ifax, in ihe British Province of Nova Scotia,
and there enlist in the service of Great
Britain, w going on extensively, with lit
tle or no disguise. Ordinary legal steps
were immediately taken to an est and phnish
parties concerned, and so put an end to acts
iufringirrg the municipal law and derogatory
f olea trawtses af Ktai
aaa HUM, aad HlrlasOi
to our aovereignly. . Meanwhile, suitable
representations on the subject were address -
ed to tho British Government.
Tl :. I , t.- .t j
iuercuiun u urcaiuo sinwn, oy me aa-
mission of tho British Government itself,
mat tne attempt to uniw recruns noin tins
! .J . i .1 i
cuuiiirvoninnaieu won n, or ai luasi nuo
its approval and sanction ; but it also np
peared that the public agents engaged in it
had "siring, lit instructions not to violate
the municipal law of the United States.
It is difficult to understand how it should
have been suposed that troeps could be
raised here, by Great Britain, without viola
lion of the municipal law. The unmisiak
able object of i he law was to ineteiil every
sunh act which) if performed, must be eith
er ill violation of the law, or in studied eva
sion of ij ; and, inei-her alternative, the act
done would be alike injurious to the sover
eignty of the United Stales.
In the mean time, the matter acquired
additional importance by the recruitments
in tho United Sta'es not being discontinued,
and the disclosure of the tact that they
were prosecuted upon a systematic plan,
nevisea oy onicmi autnority ; that recruit
ing rendezvous had been opened in our prin
opal cities, and repots for the reception of
recruits established on our frontier; and
the whale business conductod under the su
pervision and by the regular cooperation of
liritisli officers, civil and military, some in
the North Anieiuon rrovincea, and tome
in the United Slates. The complicity of
those officers in an undertaking which could
only be nccomplishod by defying our laws,
throwing suspicion over our attitude of neu
truiity, and disregarding our teritorjal rights,
is conclusively proved by the evidence elid
ed on the trial of such of their agents as
have been appp'heuded and convicted.
Some of the officers thus implicated are of
high official Position, and many of them be
yond our jurisdiction, o that legal proceed
ings could not reach tho Bource of the mis
chief.
These considerations, and the fact, that
the cause of complaint wa not a meie c-asu
al occurrence, but a deliberate design, en
tered upon with a full knowledge of our
laws and national policy, aud conducted by
responsible public functionaries, impelled
me to pr,-sent the cose to the British Gov
ernment, in erder to secure, not only a ces
sation or the wrong, but its reparation.
I he subject Is still under discussion, the re
ultof which will be communicated to you
in due time.
BRITISH RELATIONS CONTINUED.
I repeat the recommendat'on submitted
to the last Congress, that provision be made
for the appointment of a Commissioner,- in
connection with Great Britain, lo survey
and establish the boundary line, which di
vides the Territory of Washington from the
contiguous Untish possessions. By reason
of tho extent and impor twice of the country
in dispute, there bus been imminent danger
of collision between the subjects of Great
Britain and the citizens of the United Siates,
including their respective abthorities in that
quarter. , Tho prospect of a speedy arrange
ment has contributed hitherto to induce on
bo'.h sides forbearance to assert by force
what each claims as a right. Continuance
of delay on the part of the two Governments
to act in the hiatter will increase the dan
gers and difficulties of th- controversy'
Misunderstanding exists as to the extent,
character and value of the possessory rights
of the Hudson's llsy Comany and the pro
perty of I lie Puget's Sound Agricultural
Company, reserved Iu our treaty with (treat
B. ilam relative to 1 lie Territory of Oregon.
I ha e reason to b lieve that a cession of the
rights of Ixrh Companies to the United
Suites, which would be the readiest means
of lei initiating all questions, can be obtained
on reasonable terms ; and, with a view to
this end, I p'eseiil the subject to the atten
tion of Congress.
The colony of Newfoundland, having en
acted the laws required by the treaty of
the :lh of June, 1854, is now placed on ibe
same fooling, in respect to commercial in
teicourse with tho United Slates, as the
other Briiish Noah American Provinces.
The commission, which that treaty con
templated, for determining the righu of
fishery in rivers and mouths of rivers on
the coasts of the United States and the
British North American Provinces, has been
organized and has commenced its labors
to complete which there is needed further
appropriations for the service of another
season.
SOUND DDKS.
Ill I ursuancn of the authority conferred
by h res jlu tion of the Senste of the United
Stales, passed on the 3d day of March lost,
notice was given lo Denma'k.on tbe 14th
day of pril, of the intention of this ' Gov
ernment to avail Itself of the stipulation of
the subsisting convention of friendship, com
merce and navigation between that King
dom and the United States, whereby eiiher
party might, afier ten years, terminate the
same a the expiration of one year from the
dale of notice for lhal purpose.
The c nideratius. which led me to call
the attention of Coogre-s that ( Vinwn.ioii,
and induced the Senate to adopt the resolu
tion referred to, slill c ntinue in full foice.
Tbe Convention contains an article, which,
althongh it does not directly engage the
United States to submit to the imposition
of tolls on the vessels and cargoes of Ameri
cans passing into or from the Baltic Sea,
during the continuance of the treaty, yet
may, by possibility, be construed as imply
ing such submission. The exaction of
I those tolls not being justified by any princi
MtHHCHIPTION,.
Flv Italian a tar.
ZTO. 49.
, pie of iuleruaiioual law, it became the
. right and the duty of the United States to
1 relieve lhemelvt from tho implication of
' . ... 1
engagement ou tue subject, so as tube per.
fWly free to act in the premises in such
wv as their public luterests and honor shall
. j ' . 1
la. inann.
1 remain of tho opinion that the United
States ought not to submit f tho payment
of the 8ouud Dues, not to much because of
their amount, which It a secondary matter.
but because it is in effect tho recognition of
me rignt or Uennv rit lo treat one of the
gieat maritime highways of nations at i
close sea, and the navigation of it as a pri
vilege for which tribute may be imposed
upon those who have occasion to use it.
. The Government, on a former occasion,
not unlike the aresent, signalized us deter
ruination to maintain the freedom of the seas,
and of the great natural channels of ntv iga
tion. The Barbary States bad, for a long
time, coerced tho payment of tribute from
all nations, whoso ships frequented tbeMcdi
to'ranean. To 'he last demaud of such pay
ment made by them, the United States, al
though suffering less by their depredations
than many other nations, returned the ox
idicit answer, that we nreferrad war In iri.
bute,HU I iliut opened the way to tht relief
t the commerce of the world from an igno
minious tax. to long submitted to by the
more powerful nations of Europe.
If the manner of payment of the Sound
Dues differ from that of the tribute formerly
conceded to the Barbary States, ttill lhair
exaction by Denmark has no better founda
tion in right. Each was, io itt origin,
nothing but a tax on a common natural
light, extorted by those, who were at thai
time able to obstruct the free aud secure en
joyment of it, but who no longer possesses
mat power.
Uenmark, while resisting our assertion
of the freedom of the Baltic Sound and
Belts, haa indicated a readiness to make
some new arrangement on the subject, and
has invited the governments interested, in
cluding to United States, to be represent
ed in a convention to assemble for the pur
pose of receiving and considering a proposi
tion, which she intends to submit, for tbe
capitalization of the Sound dues, and the
distribution of the sum to be paid at com
mutation among the governments, accord
ing to the respective proportions of their
maritime commerce to and from the Baltic
I have declined in behalf of the United
Stales to accept this invitation, for the most
cogent reasons. One is, that Denmark does
not offer to submit to the convention the
question of her right to levy the Sound
clues. A second is, that if the convention
Were allowed to lako cognizance of that par
ticular question, still it would not bo com
petent to deal with the great international
principle involved which affects the right in
other casea of navigation and commercial
freedom, aa well as that of access t the Bal
tic Above all, by the express terms of the
proposition, it is contemplated that the con
sideration of the Sound dues shall be com
mingled with, and made subordinate to, a
matter wholly extraneous, the balance of
power among the governments of Europe.
While, however, rejecting this proposi
tion, and insisting on the right of free Iran-
sit into and from the Baltic, I have express
ed to Denmark a willingness, on the part of
tho United States, to share liberally with
other powers in compensating her for any
advantages, which Commerce shall hereafter
derive from expenditures made by her for
the improvement and safety of tho naviga
tion of the Bound of Belts.
I lay before you, herewith, sundry docu
men's on tho subject, in which my views are
more fully disclosed. Should no satisfacto
ry arrangement be toon concluded, I shall
again call your attention to the subject,
wnb recommendation or such measures as
may appear to be required in order to as
sert and secure the rights of Iho United
States, so far as they are affected by the
pretensions ot Uenmark.
FRANCE,
I announce with much gratification, that
since the adjournment of Congress, the
quesiion, then existing betwoen this govern
ment and that of France, respecting the
French consul at San rrancisco, has been
satisfactorily determined, and that tbe rola
lions of the two goVernmenU continue to be
of the most friendly naturo.
GREECE.
A question, also, which has been pending
for several years between the United States
and te Kingdom of Greece, growing out of
the sequestration, by public authorities of
that country, of property belonging to the
present American Consul at Athens, and
which had been the subject of very earnest
discussions heretofore, has recently been
settled to the satisfaction of tho party inter
ested and of both Governments.
SPAIN.
With Spain, peaceful relations are still
maintained, and some progress has been
made in securing the redress of wrongs com
plained of by t'ds government. Spain has
not only disavowed and disapproved the
conduct of tbe officers who illegally seized
and detained the steamer IS lark Warrior at
Havana, but has elso paid the sum claimed
a indemity for the loss thereby inflicted on
citizens of the United Mate.
In eonwqnenee of a destructive hurricane
which visited Cuba in 1844, Ihe euprarne aulhori-
ly of that island issued a decree, pemiittiofr, Ihe
ImponalKSi, for the period of ail monihe.of eerUin
building materials and prorwone, rroe oi oiny, ow.
makfi it arhea about half the period only had
rlil. to Ihe iniurv of eitiiene of the Iniu-d
hialce, wbo bad proceeded to act oa the fsilb of
thst deerea. The flpen h g iverninnl rofuwd hi
dtmu nVstloR to the psrlifa y rieved until frcenl
ly, when it wu ssKineJ to, iiayiiiaal being prom
ised lo be made as auin as tho amount due oan Im
aaerrtnlmd.
tUliefaQlion claimed fur the arrest n I tearch of
the teamt r El Vermis has uH y. l titan s corded,
but thero la reiunn to belh ve llmt it mil lie, an-l
that case, w Itll elhera, uenliuu to be uried un Iho
attention ol Iho Hpaiiith ovtrnuwiit, I do not
abandon the hnue of coiidudint will Meaiu some
gen. rul arrangement, ifln.h, if it do n-a wholly
prevent Ihe recurrence of tl.l71.-uU es in Cuba, Will
remler them lea frt-ipitut, euJ, wlimmr, ihy
shell occur, facilitate their more piJy ettiienicut.
HKIICO.
The hitorpoillloii af line givernnrat haa been
invoked by many of ileeiiiieiw, ou aecouul ot inju
ries done lo their persons Slid pniperty, lor which
the Meiicao republic is n"Puiib!. The ununupy
eitualion of that country, leraoine lime put. h
net allowed Us government to (rive due oorwidfra
tion to claime ol' private reparation, and has ap
poujrd to rail for and justify euine foibr mauee in
ucb niatlera ou tbe purl of Ibis gavsniuicul. lint,
if ibe revolutionary movement', which bv lately
occunvd in lhal republic, end ia the orginixutiou
of a liable government, org, nl appeals to ils jus
lica will theu be made, au l.il may be bled, wilb
success, for tht rediess of all complaints of our
oiliieue.
CtNTSAL AMCSlr.
In re card to the Amencon republic whleh, from
their proximity and ollior comiilnratione, hivv I"
ouliar relatione lo thai government, while II h i
been my eouaisnt aim etricllv lo o'leerve all tho
otiiigaliona of political friendship and of gowl
neii;hturbiod, olielacles to line bave arisen in eomo
of them, from their own iunuSoieul power loeheclc
lawleea irruptioni, which la effect ihrowa most of
the taik on Ihe Uailod .Stales. Taue it is thut ihe '
dittiaoled internal uandiiiou af Ibe tilate af Nica
ragua haa made II iiieumtxet as me lo appeal lo
the good la th of our ciliseisj is abeleiu from un
lawful iutarveulioa la its alEiirs, an lo ed.'Pl pre-
venlir measure io Ihe eaiue end, which, on a
s:milar ocoaeioo, bad the beel results in reaaaurnig
the peace of iho Mexican blalta of Souora and
Lower California.
TSCATICt.
Sine th last eeaeioo of Conors a treaty of
amity, commerce and navigation, end (lie atirreu
der of fugitive erimiuile, w ill iho kiugduin or the
TwoSicihee) e (rooty oflriiMid.hip, commerce and
navigation wua Nicaragua: and a convention of
commercial reciprocity with the Hawaiiin king
dom, have been negotiated. Th latter kingdom
sod the Stat of Nicaiaguu have also aeceeded to
a declaration, recoguiiing as in erualional rights
the pnnc p'ee cootained iu Ike convention between
th United States and Rues a of the 32d of July,
1854. Thee Ireatiee and eouvenlioiu will b
laid before th Senate for ratifioaUou.
TktAavar.
Th statements made, iu niv last annual mee-
aaga, respecting the anticipated receipts and ci-
Denature or tne treasury, have beeu lulwiantial-
y vennea. . ,
It appears from the report of the Secretary ef
tbe Treasury, that lb receiple during th lost fis
cal year ending Juno 30, liijj, fruai all aouiccs.
were eixty-five million three thousaud sine huudrcd
and thirty dollars; and that Ilia public expeodituia
for the same period, elueive of payments on ac
count of th public debt, amouuled to Afty-eix
million three hundred and aixty-rive thowaud llirce
huudred and ninety-throe dulare. Duriug the
aame period, the paymonts mud Iu redemption ef
tbe public debi, Including Interest and piemium,
amounted to nine million eicht hundred and four-
four thousand five huudred and tweiiiv-turlit dol
lara.
Th balance In th Treasury at the br-oinnlna-of
the present fiscal year, July 1, 185.1, woa eighteen
milliou nine hundred and thirly-oue thousand nine
hundred and seventy-six dollars i tho receipt for
the first quarter, mid Ihe estimated receipts for tho
remaining three quarters, amount, luirelher, to six
ty-seven milliou uiue huudred and eighteen thous
and seven hundred and lliiriy-four dollar thus
aflordinir in all, as the available remurcra of the
current fiscal year, the auiu of elghly-eix million
eignt nunorea aua nuy-aix inousaua aevcu Hun
dred and ten dollars. '
If, to the actual expsuditures of the first Quarter
f lb current fiscal year, be added the probablo
expenditure lor the remaining three quarters, as
ettimaletj by the Secretary of the Treasury, the
sum total will be seventy-one million two huudred
and twenty-six thousand eight hiiudietl and forty
six dollars, thereby leaving aneeiimatedbaliiuoein
the treasury on July 1, 18."l, af filtoeu million six
hundred and twenty-lnrue thousand eight hundred
and alxty-thres dollars and forly-one centa.
Ia tho above estimated exp'ndittires of the pres
ent fiscal year nro Included 8S,0UI),U(K) to meet
the lest inetallmeut of the Ml 0,000,01(1 provided for
in ihe late treaty wiib Mexleo, aad 7,7.0,OUU ap
propriated on account of th dent due to Tuxss.
which twosome make an enrecale amount of
$10,750,000, and reduce Ihe expenditure!, actual
or eeiimated, for ordinary objects of Ibe year, to
the sum of $10,478,00(1.
The atnouat ol the public debt, at the c mmenoo-
merit of the present tUcal year, Was $40,583,631,
and, deduction being made oi uliseijuentpaymenia,
the whole public debt of the l euVnl (juvernmeut
remaining at thia tittle m leas tliau 940,000,000.
Ihe remnant or certain ether (nveriimenl
Blocks, amounting to $943,000 referred lo iu my
,al message asoulaliinniirg, has mice been paid.
1 am fully persuaded Unit it would le dilhcult to
devise a ayaiem superior to that, by which the fiscal
buaineas of lb (Government t now conduuled. -
Notwithstanding the great number of puhl.c agents
of co'lccliou and di'biireemeul, it ia believed Iliut
the chocka nnd guards provided, includ ttl llif re
quirement of moulhly returns, rendered it acurcely
rsMe.ble lor any considerable rraud on Ih part ol
those "gents, or neglect involving hazard of seriouo
public leee, to eecnpc, I renew, however, iho re
commendation, heretofore made by me, ul the en
actment of a lawrfeclerina il felo'.y on the pari of
public officers lo insert falau entree in their books
of record r account, or to malt false returns, nnd
also requiring them on the lermiiialioa of thoir ser
vice lo deliver to iheir suoceseors all books, records,
and other objects ef a public nature iu lueir cu
tody.
fJeprlved as our public revenue Is, in chief part.
from duties oa imports, itsjnmgnilude affords grati
fying evidence oi tne pnsiperiiy, noioniyoi our
commerce, but or Ih other great Interests upon
which that dependa.
1 he principle that all moneye net required for
Ihe current expenses of the government should re
main for active employment in the hande of the
people, and the conapicuous fact that the anuuul
revenue from all sources exceeds, by many millions
of dollars, lbs amount needed for a prnpenl and
economical admiuistiatiiui nf public affair, cann4
ail to auggeat the propriety or an early tevisini
and reduction ef th tarilf of duties on imports.
It is now so generally coueedtd lhal the purpose nf
revenue alon can justify the iuipnailimi of, dutna
on imports, that, in reudjutiug Ihe impost tables
and schedules, which unquestionably reijuTe essen
tial modifications, s departure from the prlncipn.
of the present land" is not anticipated.
' ASMT.
The army, during Ihe past ysr, hs been ac
tively enaied in defending the Indian froniier. tho
Stat of the service perm liing but few and small
garrisons in our permanent fonificeliona. The ad
ditional regiment anthirsd at the last session of
Congress have lieeu recruited and organized, and a
large pnnion of ihe troops have already been sent
to the field. All tbe duties, wh oh devolve on tho
military establishment, have been w.lisf.ietoril y per
lonned, and Uie dangers and privations incident to
Ihe character of ihe service required of our Imnpa
have furnished additional evidence of their cour
age, seal, aod capacity to meet any mptisitiob,
which their country may make upon them, for
th d.-taila of Ihe rn I vary operations, the d trbii
tion of ihe troops, aad ai'.d.iioual p oruioiia re.ii red
for tbe inibUry eerviee, 1 refer you to 'he rejmrl of
9