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About The Oregon Argus. (Oregon City [Or.]) 1855-1863 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 23, 1856)
THE OREGON ARGUS. res-isur.o zrw satusiuv mosnikq, BY" WILLIAM L. ADAMS. Office-Good' Building, lUln st. Edito rial Room in first story. TERMS Tit A anus teiU ie'jurniekei ml in Dellere fir Annum er Hit Muntke fur Tint ViMm: (3T K Snletriftiene rtrtittd let fan then Six Mentke. XJf No pnptf iiitontinuti until all arrenragte art fid, unl'u at Ike option of iki fuUieker, ADVKItTlSlNO RATK8. On square (1! Ilnm or has) one Insertion, 1.1,00 ; , two iriaertjone, 1,00, throe luM-niuiM, $3,iH), Each subsequent insertion. 41.00. "freatonab! deductions to Uioa who odrvrlia by in year. Job Printing. Tut raoraiaToa or thc ARGUS u lurrr to Inform th publlo that he haa just received largtokoNOI TYWi and other oew print ing material, and will be in Uia pedy receipt of . u.iiuuia Miiira to an uia requirement of Ih to tality. ll.YNDUIIXS, IDSTKItS, III.AXK.S, ' CARDS, CIRCiri.AIW, PAMI'IILET-WOUK and oilier kiiuli, dona to order, oa ahort notice. RESIDENT'S MESSAGE. FtUuw-Citizene of the Senate oW of the lionet Rrprtetmtativet 1 Tho Constitution of the United Sutra provides that Congress shall assemble aimu iillv on tho first Monday of December, and it fin been usual for the President to muke no communication of a public character lo the Senate and (louae of Representatives until advised of their readiness to receive iu I hnve deferred to this usage until the close of tho firt month of the session, but my convictions of duly will not permit me Ion - ger to postpone the discharge of the obliga ' lion enjoined by I lie Constitution upon the ' l'residont "to give to the Congress inform lion of the State of the Union, and recom mend to their consideration such niea-uri-s as he shall judge neci-ssnry aad expedient.'' It is matter or congratulation thai tho tlepublic is tranquilly advancing in a career of prosperity and peace, ; roKRtBN UELATIONS. CENTRA t. AVKBICA. Whilst relation1) of amity continue lo ex ist between the United States and nil for eign powers, with some of them crave qm-s lions are depending, which mny require the consideration of Congress. Of such questions the most important is that which has arisen out of the negotia tions with Great Britain, in reference to .Central America. t liy the convention concluded between the two government on the lOili or April, 1850, both parties covenanted tliut "neither ' will ever occupy, or fortify, or colonize, or assume or exercise any dominion over, Nic aragua, Costa Rica, the Mosquito coast, or any part of Central America." It the undoubted flwdors'.aiiding of i the United Suites in making Hint treaty, that all the present Slates of tho lower republic Of Central America, and the entire territory of each, would thenceforth enjoy ' complete independence ; and that both con tracting parties engaged equally, and to the same extent, for the prest.nl and for the fu- ture, that if cither then had any claim of right in Central America, uch chum, and nil occupation or autherity under St, Were unreservedly relinquished by the stipulation of tho convention ; and that no dominion was thereafter to bo exercised or a sunn-d in any part of Central America, by Givnt Britain or the United States. This government consented lo restrictions . iu regard to a region of country wherein we had specific and peculiar interests, only upon 'the conviction that the like restrictions were in the same sense obligatory on Ureal Brit ain, . But for this understanding of the force and effect of the convent ion, it would never hnve been concluded by us. So clear was tbis understanding on the part of the United States, that, in corres pondence contemporaneous with ilieratifica tion of the convention, it was distinctly ex pressed, that the mutual covenants of n"n occupation were not intended to apply to the British establishment at the Bnlize. This qualification is to be ascribed to the fact that in virtue of successive trentW with previous sovereigns o( the country. Great Britain had obtained a concession of the right to cut mahogany or dye woods at the Balize, but with positive exclusion of all domain or sovereignty ; and thus it con firms thn natural construction and under stood import of the treaty as to all the rest of the region to which the stipulations ap plied. . Jt, however, became apparent, at an early -6ny after entering upon the dicliage of my preseot functions, that Ureal Britain t:ll continued in Xhe exercise- or assertion of large authority in all that part of Central -America commonly cal'rd the Mosquito coast, and covering thrf entire length of the State of Nicaragua and a part of Costa Ri ca ; that she regarded the Balize as her ab aolute domain, aud was gradually extending iu limits at the cxpenso of the Slate of 'Honduras; and that she had formally coin 'nized It considerable insular croup known as the Bay islands, aud belonging, of right, to "that Slate. All these ads or pretensions of Great Britain, being contrary to tho rights of the ! States of Central America anil to the mani fest tenor of her stipulations with the Uni ted States, as understood by this govern ment, have been made the subj ft of nego tiation through the American Minister m London. I transmit herewith tho instruc tions to him on the subject, and the corres pondjqce between him and the British Sec retary for Foreign Affair, by y'u will perceive tnat tii two gocrwu.-i. u,.. . widely and irreconcilably as to the construc tion of the convention, and iu effect on their respective relations to U-ntral America ircat Britain so construes the convention l mm W. U AUAMM. V.alUr lrrlrtar."' VOL 1. as to maintain unchanged all her previous pretensions over the Mosquito const, and iu difforont part of Central America. These pretensions, as to the Mosquito coast, are founded on tho assumption of x,iticu! rela tion between Great Britain and thn remnant oi a tr.oe or Indians on that coast, entered into at a time when the whole country was colonial possession of Spain. It cannot oe successiuny controverted, that by the public law of Europe and America, no nos- aiblo act of such Indians or their predeces sors couia con:crou ureal untain any polit ical riguia. Ureal Britain does not allerre the assent oi opain as lue origin or her claims on the Moiquilo coast. She has, on the contrary, by repeated and successive treaties, renounc on. . . . - . . ed aud relioquithed all pretensions of her own, ana recognized the full and sovereign nguis oi spam in me most unequivocal terms. Yet these pretensions, so without solid foundation in tho beginning, and thus repeaieoiy abjured, were at a rrcent period revived oy ureal untain azainst the Cen. tral American States, the legitimate succes sors to all me ancient jurisdiction of Spain in that region. They wore first applied only lo a defiued part of the coast of Aica. rauua, afterwards to the whole of its Allan tic coast, and, lastly, to a part of the coast of Isosta llica ; and they are now reassert, d lo this extent, noi withstanding enjisgn lie ills to the United States. On the eastern coast of Nicaragua and Costa Rica thn interference of Great Brit ain, though exerted at one time in the form of military occupation of the port of San Juan del Norte, then in the peaceful pos session of the appropriate authorities of the Antral American biates, is now presented by her as the rightful exercise of a protec torship over the Musquio tribe of Indians, But the establishment at the Balize, now reaching far beyond its trenty limit into tho State of Honduras, and that of the Bay Islands, appertaining of right to ifie same suite, are as (I is ti nelly colonial govern ments as those of Jamaica or Canada, and therefore coii'rary to the very letter as well as the spirit of the convention with the Uni ted Slates, as it was at the time of ratif.ca t on. aud now is, understood by this gov ern mi lit. The interpretation which the British gov ernment, thus in assertion and act, persists in ascribing to the convention, entirely chatigi-s its character. While it holds us to all our obligations, it in a great measure re leases (ireat Britain from those which con stituted tho consideration of this govern ment for entering into the convention. It is impossible, in my judgment, for the Uni ted Stales to acquiesce in such a construction of the respective relations of the two gov ernments to Central America. To a renewed call by this government upon Great Britain, to abide by, and carry into etf ct, the stipulations of the conven tion according to Us obvious import, by. withdrawing from the possession or coloni .atioli of port ons of the Central American Ma es of Honduras, Nicaragua and Cota Kie l, the British uovenmeiit has at leng'li replied, allii'miug that the operation of the tn aiy is prospective only, ami ui I noi r pure ui'. at liritam to auamlon or contract any possessions held ly herin U ntral Amer ica at the date of its coliclu-ion. This reply subs itutes a partial issue, in the place of the general on-- poesented by tie. United State. The British govern ment passes over ill'! question of the rights of Gieat Britain, real or supposed, in Cen tral America, and assumes that she had such rights at tho date of the treaty, and that those rights coinpreh.-nd'-d the protec torship of the Mosquito Indians, the ex tend' d jurisdiction and limits of the Balize, and the colony of the Bay Islands,- and thereupon proceeds by impii;ation to infer that, if the stipulations of the treaty be merely future in effect, Great Britain mav still continue to hold the contested portions of Central America. The United States cannot admit eiiher tho inference or the premises. We steadily deny that, at the date of the treaty, (Ireat Britain had any possessions there, other than the limi'ed and peculiar establishment at the Balize, and maintain that, if she had any, they were surrendered by the convention. This itavernmetit, recognizing thr obliga tions of the treatv, lias of course desired to see it executed iu flood faith by both par tics, and in the discussion, therefore, has not looked to rights, which we might a sert, indepeiid' titly of the treatv, in con sideration of our lieographical position, ami of oilier circumstiino-s, which create for us relations to the Central American States diff rent from those of any government of Europe. The Briiish government, in its last com munication, alihough well knowing the views of the United States, still declares thai it sees no reason why a conciliatory spirit may not enable tho two governments to overcome all obstacles to a satisfactory adjustment of the aubj:t. Assured of the correctness of the con struction of the treaty constantly adhered to by this government, and resolved to in sist on the right of the United Slates, yet actuated also by the same desire, which is mowed by the British government, to re move all causes of serious misunderstanding between two nations associated by so many tii s of interest and kindred, it has appeared to me proper not to consider an amicable so lution of the controversy hopeless- a There is. however, reason to appretieno, that, with Croat BnUin .a the actual occu- , f AMKRICA kltaaw aoasal j aHwi aauiat at l.eraael. OKgQOW CITT, OKBOOIf TBKKlTOaT, IATPIDA7, r BBS. VAX. IT 33, 1S. palion of tho disputed territories, and the treaty therefore practically null, so far as regards our rights, this international difficul ty cannot long remain undetermined, wi h out involving in serious danger the friendly relations, which it is the interest as well as toe duty of both countries to cherish and preserve. It will allbid nut sincere gratifi cation, if future efforts shall remit iu the success, anticipated heretofore with more commence tiiaii the apeci of the case per mils me now to entertain. RECRUITMENT. One other subject of discussion between the United S ates and Great Britain Las grown out of the attempt, which tho exi genciea of the war in which she is engaged with Russia induced her lo make, to draw recruits from the United States. It is tho traditional and settled policy of the United Stales to maintain impartial neutrality during the wars, which from time lo lime occur among the great po.wer of the world. Performing all the dunes of neutrality towards the n-spective belligerent Slates, wo may reasonably expect them not to interfere with our lawful enjoyment of its benefits. Notwithstanding toe existence of such hostilities, ourcilizens retain the in dividual righi continue all their accustom ed pursuits, by land or by aea, at home or abroad, subject only to such restrictions in this relation, as the laws of war, the usage of nations, or special iroalies, may impose; and it is our sovereign right that our terri tory and jurisdiction shall not bo invaded by cither of the belligeieni parlies, lor the transit of their armies, the operations of their fleets, the levy of treops for their aer- ice, the tilling out of cruisers by or against e t her, or any other act or incident of war And these uni'eniable righu of neutrality, individual and nutioual, the United Slates will under no circumstances surrender. t - In pursuance of this policy,' the laws of the Uuited Siates do not forbid their citi zens to sell lo ei'her of the belligerent Pow ers articles, contraband of war, or to take munitions of war or soldiers on board their private ships for transport a' ion ; and al though, in so doing, the individual citizen exposes his properly or person to some of the hazards of war, bis acta do not involve any breach of national neutrality, nor of themselves implicate the Government. Thus, during the progress of the present war iu Europe, ourcilizens have, without nationall responsibility therefore, sold guu- powder and arms to all buyers, regardless of the destination of those articles. Our merchantmen bave been, and still continue to be, largely employed by Great Britain and by trance, in transporting troops, pro visions, and munitions of war to the princi pal seat of military operations, and in bring ing home their sick and wounded soldiers ; but such use of our mercantile marine is not interdicted either by the international, or by our muncipal law, and therefore does not compromit our neutral relations with iiussia. But our muncipal law, in accordance wi h the law of nations, perctntorily forbids, not only foreigners, but our own citizens, to lit out, within the limits of the United Siates, a vessel to com nit hostilities against any Slate with which tho United States aro a, peace, or increase the force of any foreign anned vessel intenui-a tor eucu uosiiiiues against a friendly State. Whatever concern may have been full by either of the bi-lligeren powers lest private armed cuisers, or other vessels, in the ser vice of one, migliise tilted out in the, ports of this country to depredate on the property of the other, all such fears have proved to be utterly groundless. Our citizens have been withheld from any such act or purpose by good faith, and by respect for the law. While the laws or the Union are Mills peremptory in their prohibition of the equip mentor armament of belligerent cruisers in our pons, they provide not loss absolutely that no person shall, within ibe territory or jurisdiction of the United States, enlist or enter h.mself.or lure or retain anotner per son to rnl'st or enter himself, or to go be yond the liiniis or jurisdiction of the Unit' d Statee with intent to be enlisted or entered, in tho service of any foreign State, either as a sol'liur, or as a marine or seaman on board of any vessel-ol-war, letter or marque, or privateer. A nd these enactments Bra also in strict conformity with the law ot nations hich declare, that no State has ibe right to raise troops for land or sea service in an other State without it consent, and thai heiher forbidden by the municipal law or not, tho very attempt to do it, without such consent, is an attack on ilia national sov ereignty. Such being the public right- ana me municipal law ot the L in ten n aies, no solicitude on the subject was entertained by this Government, when a year since, the British Parliament pxssed an act to provide for the enlistment of foreigners in the mili tary service of Great Britain. Nothing on the face of the act, or in iu public history, indicated that the British Government pro posed to attempt recruitment in the United Status ; nor did ii ever give intimation of such iutention to tbis Government. It was matter of surprise, therefore, to find, subse quently, that the engagement of persons within tho United States to proceed to Hal ifax, in ihe British Province of Nova Scotia, and there enlist in the service of Great Britain, w going on extensively, with lit tle or no disguise. Ordinary legal steps were immediately taken to an est and phnish parties concerned, and so put an end to acts iufringirrg the municipal law and derogatory f olea trawtses af Ktai aaa HUM, aad HlrlasOi to our aovereignly. . Meanwhile, suitable representations on the subject were address - ed to tho British Government. Tl :. I , t.- .t j iuercuiun u urcaiuo sinwn, oy me aa- mission of tho British Government itself, mat tne attempt to uniw recruns noin tins ! .J . i .1 i cuuiiirvoninnaieu won n, or ai luasi nuo its approval and sanction ; but it also np peared that the public agents engaged in it had "siring, lit instructions not to violate the municipal law of the United States. It is difficult to understand how it should have been suposed that troeps could be raised here, by Great Britain, without viola lion of the municipal law. The unmisiak able object of i he law was to ineteiil every sunh act which) if performed, must be eith er ill violation of the law, or in studied eva sion of ij ; and, inei-her alternative, the act done would be alike injurious to the sover eignty of the United Stales. In the mean time, the matter acquired additional importance by the recruitments in tho United Sta'es not being discontinued, and the disclosure of the tact that they were prosecuted upon a systematic plan, nevisea oy onicmi autnority ; that recruit ing rendezvous had been opened in our prin opal cities, and repots for the reception of recruits established on our frontier; and the whale business conductod under the su pervision and by the regular cooperation of liritisli officers, civil and military, some in the North Anieiuon rrovincea, and tome in the United Slates. The complicity of those officers in an undertaking which could only be nccomplishod by defying our laws, throwing suspicion over our attitude of neu truiity, and disregarding our teritorjal rights, is conclusively proved by the evidence elid ed on the trial of such of their agents as have been appp'heuded and convicted. Some of the officers thus implicated are of high official Position, and many of them be yond our jurisdiction, o that legal proceed ings could not reach tho Bource of the mis chief. These considerations, and the fact, that the cause of complaint wa not a meie c-asu al occurrence, but a deliberate design, en tered upon with a full knowledge of our laws and national policy, aud conducted by responsible public functionaries, impelled me to pr,-sent the cose to the British Gov ernment, in erder to secure, not only a ces sation or the wrong, but its reparation. I he subject Is still under discussion, the re ultof which will be communicated to you in due time. BRITISH RELATIONS CONTINUED. I repeat the recommendat'on submitted to the last Congress, that provision be made for the appointment of a Commissioner,- in connection with Great Britain, lo survey and establish the boundary line, which di vides the Territory of Washington from the contiguous Untish possessions. By reason of tho extent and impor twice of the country in dispute, there bus been imminent danger of collision between the subjects of Great Britain and the citizens of the United Siates, including their respective abthorities in that quarter. , Tho prospect of a speedy arrange ment has contributed hitherto to induce on bo'.h sides forbearance to assert by force what each claims as a right. Continuance of delay on the part of the two Governments to act in the hiatter will increase the dan gers and difficulties of th- controversy' Misunderstanding exists as to the extent, character and value of the possessory rights of the Hudson's llsy Comany and the pro perty of I lie Puget's Sound Agricultural Company, reserved Iu our treaty with (treat B. ilam relative to 1 lie Territory of Oregon. I ha e reason to b lieve that a cession of the rights of Ixrh Companies to the United Suites, which would be the readiest means of lei initiating all questions, can be obtained on reasonable terms ; and, with a view to this end, I p'eseiil the subject to the atten tion of Congress. The colony of Newfoundland, having en acted the laws required by the treaty of the :lh of June, 1854, is now placed on ibe same fooling, in respect to commercial in teicourse with tho United Slates, as the other Briiish Noah American Provinces. The commission, which that treaty con templated, for determining the righu of fishery in rivers and mouths of rivers on the coasts of the United States and the British North American Provinces, has been organized and has commenced its labors to complete which there is needed further appropriations for the service of another season. SOUND DDKS. Ill I ursuancn of the authority conferred by h res jlu tion of the Senste of the United Stales, passed on the 3d day of March lost, notice was given lo Denma'k.on tbe 14th day of pril, of the intention of this ' Gov ernment to avail Itself of the stipulation of the subsisting convention of friendship, com merce and navigation between that King dom and the United States, whereby eiiher party might, afier ten years, terminate the same a the expiration of one year from the dale of notice for lhal purpose. The c nideratius. which led me to call the attention of Coogre-s that ( Vinwn.ioii, and induced the Senate to adopt the resolu tion referred to, slill c ntinue in full foice. Tbe Convention contains an article, which, althongh it does not directly engage the United States to submit to the imposition of tolls on the vessels and cargoes of Ameri cans passing into or from the Baltic Sea, during the continuance of the treaty, yet may, by possibility, be construed as imply ing such submission. The exaction of I those tolls not being justified by any princi MtHHCHIPTION,. Flv Italian a tar. ZTO. 49. , pie of iuleruaiioual law, it became the . right and the duty of the United States to 1 relieve lhemelvt from tho implication of ' . ... 1 engagement ou tue subject, so as tube per. fWly free to act in the premises in such wv as their public luterests and honor shall . j ' . 1 la. inann. 1 remain of tho opinion that the United States ought not to submit f tho payment of the 8ouud Dues, not to much because of their amount, which It a secondary matter. but because it is in effect tho recognition of me rignt or Uennv rit lo treat one of the gieat maritime highways of nations at i close sea, and the navigation of it as a pri vilege for which tribute may be imposed upon those who have occasion to use it. . The Government, on a former occasion, not unlike the aresent, signalized us deter ruination to maintain the freedom of the seas, and of the great natural channels of ntv iga tion. The Barbary States bad, for a long time, coerced tho payment of tribute from all nations, whoso ships frequented tbeMcdi to'ranean. To 'he last demaud of such pay ment made by them, the United States, al though suffering less by their depredations than many other nations, returned the ox idicit answer, that we nreferrad war In iri. bute,HU I iliut opened the way to tht relief t the commerce of the world from an igno minious tax. to long submitted to by the more powerful nations of Europe. If the manner of payment of the Sound Dues differ from that of the tribute formerly conceded to the Barbary States, ttill lhair exaction by Denmark has no better founda tion in right. Each was, io itt origin, nothing but a tax on a common natural light, extorted by those, who were at thai time able to obstruct the free aud secure en joyment of it, but who no longer possesses mat power. Uenmark, while resisting our assertion of the freedom of the Baltic Sound and Belts, haa indicated a readiness to make some new arrangement on the subject, and has invited the governments interested, in cluding to United States, to be represent ed in a convention to assemble for the pur pose of receiving and considering a proposi tion, which she intends to submit, for tbe capitalization of the Sound dues, and the distribution of the sum to be paid at com mutation among the governments, accord ing to the respective proportions of their maritime commerce to and from the Baltic I have declined in behalf of the United Stales to accept this invitation, for the most cogent reasons. One is, that Denmark does not offer to submit to the convention the question of her right to levy the Sound clues. A second is, that if the convention Were allowed to lako cognizance of that par ticular question, still it would not bo com petent to deal with the great international principle involved which affects the right in other casea of navigation and commercial freedom, aa well as that of access t the Bal tic Above all, by the express terms of the proposition, it is contemplated that the con sideration of the Sound dues shall be com mingled with, and made subordinate to, a matter wholly extraneous, the balance of power among the governments of Europe. While, however, rejecting this proposi tion, and insisting on the right of free Iran- sit into and from the Baltic, I have express ed to Denmark a willingness, on the part of tho United States, to share liberally with other powers in compensating her for any advantages, which Commerce shall hereafter derive from expenditures made by her for the improvement and safety of tho naviga tion of the Bound of Belts. I lay before you, herewith, sundry docu men's on tho subject, in which my views are more fully disclosed. Should no satisfacto ry arrangement be toon concluded, I shall again call your attention to the subject, wnb recommendation or such measures as may appear to be required in order to as sert and secure the rights of Iho United States, so far as they are affected by the pretensions ot Uenmark. FRANCE, I announce with much gratification, that since the adjournment of Congress, the quesiion, then existing betwoen this govern ment and that of France, respecting the French consul at San rrancisco, has been satisfactorily determined, and that tbe rola lions of the two goVernmenU continue to be of the most friendly naturo. GREECE. A question, also, which has been pending for several years between the United States and te Kingdom of Greece, growing out of the sequestration, by public authorities of that country, of property belonging to the present American Consul at Athens, and which had been the subject of very earnest discussions heretofore, has recently been settled to the satisfaction of tho party inter ested and of both Governments. SPAIN. With Spain, peaceful relations are still maintained, and some progress has been made in securing the redress of wrongs com plained of by t'ds government. Spain has not only disavowed and disapproved the conduct of tbe officers who illegally seized and detained the steamer IS lark Warrior at Havana, but has elso paid the sum claimed a indemity for the loss thereby inflicted on citizens of the United Mate. In eonwqnenee of a destructive hurricane which visited Cuba in 1844, Ihe euprarne aulhori- ly of that island issued a decree, pemiittiofr, Ihe ImponalKSi, for the period of ail monihe.of eerUin building materials and prorwone, rroe oi oiny, ow. makfi it arhea about half the period only had rlil. to Ihe iniurv of eitiiene of the Iniu-d hialce, wbo bad proceeded to act oa the fsilb of thst deerea. The flpen h g iverninnl rofuwd hi dtmu nVstloR to the psrlifa y rieved until frcenl ly, when it wu ssKineJ to, iiayiiiaal being prom ised lo be made as auin as tho amount due oan Im aaerrtnlmd. tUliefaQlion claimed fur the arrest n I tearch of the teamt r El Vermis has uH y. l titan s corded, but thero la reiunn to belh ve llmt it mil lie, an-l that case, w Itll elhera, uenliuu to be uried un Iho attention ol Iho Hpaiiith ovtrnuwiit, I do not abandon the hnue of coiidudint will Meaiu some gen. rul arrangement, ifln.h, if it do n-a wholly prevent Ihe recurrence of tl.l71.-uU es in Cuba, Will remler them lea frt-ipitut, euJ, wlimmr, ihy shell occur, facilitate their more piJy ettiienicut. HKIICO. The hitorpoillloii af line givernnrat haa been invoked by many of ileeiiiieiw, ou aecouul ot inju ries done lo their persons Slid pniperty, lor which the Meiicao republic is n"Puiib!. The ununupy eitualion of that country, leraoine lime put. h net allowed Us government to (rive due oorwidfra tion to claime ol' private reparation, and has ap poujrd to rail for and justify euine foibr mauee in ucb niatlera ou tbe purl of Ibis gavsniuicul. lint, if ibe revolutionary movement', which bv lately occunvd in lhal republic, end ia the orginixutiou of a liable government, org, nl appeals to ils jus lica will theu be made, au l.il may be bled, wilb success, for tht rediess of all complaints of our oiliieue. CtNTSAL AMCSlr. In re card to the Amencon republic whleh, from their proximity and ollior comiilnratione, hivv I" ouliar relatione lo thai government, while II h i been my eouaisnt aim etricllv lo o'leerve all tho otiiigaliona of political friendship and of gowl neii;hturbiod, olielacles to line bave arisen in eomo of them, from their own iunuSoieul power loeheclc lawleea irruptioni, which la effect ihrowa most of the taik on Ihe Uailod .Stales. Taue it is thut ihe ' dittiaoled internal uandiiiou af Ibe tilate af Nica ragua haa made II iiieumtxet as me lo appeal lo the good la th of our ciliseisj is abeleiu from un lawful iutarveulioa la its alEiirs, an lo ed.'Pl pre- venlir measure io Ihe eaiue end, which, on a s:milar ocoaeioo, bad the beel results in reaaaurnig the peace of iho Mexican blalta of Souora and Lower California. TSCATICt. Sine th last eeaeioo of Conors a treaty of amity, commerce and navigation, end (lie atirreu der of fugitive erimiuile, w ill iho kiugduin or the TwoSicihee) e (rooty oflriiMid.hip, commerce and navigation wua Nicaragua: and a convention of commercial reciprocity with the Hawaiiin king dom, have been negotiated. Th latter kingdom sod the Stat of Nicaiaguu have also aeceeded to a declaration, recoguiiing as in erualional rights the pnnc p'ee cootained iu Ike convention between th United States and Rues a of the 32d of July, 1854. Thee Ireatiee and eouvenlioiu will b laid before th Senate for ratifioaUou. TktAavar. Th statements made, iu niv last annual mee- aaga, respecting the anticipated receipts and ci- Denature or tne treasury, have beeu lulwiantial- y vennea. . , It appears from the report of the Secretary ef tbe Treasury, that lb receiple during th lost fis cal year ending Juno 30, liijj, fruai all aouiccs. were eixty-five million three thousaud sine huudrcd and thirty dollars; and that Ilia public expeodituia for the same period, elueive of payments on ac count of th public debt, amouuled to Afty-eix million three hundred and aixty-rive thowaud llirce huudred and ninety-throe dulare. Duriug the aame period, the paymonts mud Iu redemption ef tbe public debi, Including Interest and piemium, amounted to nine million eicht hundred and four- four thousand five huudred and tweiiiv-turlit dol lara. Th balance In th Treasury at the br-oinnlna-of the present fiscal year, July 1, 185.1, woa eighteen milliou nine hundred and thirly-oue thousand nine hundred and seventy-six dollars i tho receipt for the first quarter, mid Ihe estimated receipts for tho remaining three quarters, amount, luirelher, to six ty-seven milliou uiue huudred and eighteen thous and seven hundred and lliiriy-four dollar thus aflordinir in all, as the available remurcra of the current fiscal year, the auiu of elghly-eix million eignt nunorea aua nuy-aix inousaua aevcu Hun dred and ten dollars. ' If, to the actual expsuditures of the first Quarter f lb current fiscal year, be added the probablo expenditure lor the remaining three quarters, as ettimaletj by the Secretary of the Treasury, the sum total will be seventy-one million two huudred and twenty-six thousand eight hiiudietl and forty six dollars, thereby leaving aneeiimatedbaliiuoein the treasury on July 1, 18."l, af filtoeu million six hundred and twenty-lnrue thousand eight hundred and alxty-thres dollars and forly-one centa. Ia tho above estimated exp'ndittires of the pres ent fiscal year nro Included 8S,0UI),U(K) to meet the lest inetallmeut of the Ml 0,000,01(1 provided for in ihe late treaty wiib Mexleo, aad 7,7.0,OUU ap propriated on account of th dent due to Tuxss. which twosome make an enrecale amount of $10,750,000, and reduce Ihe expenditure!, actual or eeiimated, for ordinary objects of Ibe year, to the sum of $10,478,00(1. The atnouat ol the public debt, at the c mmenoo- merit of the present tUcal year, Was $40,583,631, and, deduction being made oi uliseijuentpaymenia, the whole public debt of the l euVnl (juvernmeut remaining at thia tittle m leas tliau 940,000,000. Ihe remnant or certain ether (nveriimenl Blocks, amounting to $943,000 referred lo iu my ,al message asoulaliinniirg, has mice been paid. 1 am fully persuaded Unit it would le dilhcult to devise a ayaiem superior to that, by which the fiscal buaineas of lb (Government t now conduuled. - Notwithstanding the great number of puhl.c agents of co'lccliou and di'biireemeul, it ia believed Iliut the chocka nnd guards provided, includ ttl llif re quirement of moulhly returns, rendered it acurcely rsMe.ble lor any considerable rraud on Ih part ol those "gents, or neglect involving hazard of seriouo public leee, to eecnpc, I renew, however, iho re commendation, heretofore made by me, ul the en actment of a lawrfeclerina il felo'.y on the pari of public officers lo insert falau entree in their books of record r account, or to malt false returns, nnd also requiring them on the lermiiialioa of thoir ser vice lo deliver to iheir suoceseors all books, records, and other objects ef a public nature iu lueir cu tody. fJeprlved as our public revenue Is, in chief part. from duties oa imports, itsjnmgnilude affords grati fying evidence oi tne pnsiperiiy, noioniyoi our commerce, but or Ih other great Interests upon which that dependa. 1 he principle that all moneye net required for Ihe current expenses of the government should re main for active employment in the hande of the people, and the conapicuous fact that the anuuul revenue from all sources exceeds, by many millions of dollars, lbs amount needed for a prnpenl and economical admiuistiatiiui nf public affair, cann4 ail to auggeat the propriety or an early tevisini and reduction ef th tarilf of duties on imports. It is now so generally coueedtd lhal the purpose nf revenue alon can justify the iuipnailimi of, dutna on imports, that, in reudjutiug Ihe impost tables and schedules, which unquestionably reijuTe essen tial modifications, s departure from the prlncipn. of the present land" is not anticipated. ' ASMT. The army, during Ihe past ysr, hs been ac tively enaied in defending the Indian froniier. tho Stat of the service perm liing but few and small garrisons in our permanent fonificeliona. The ad ditional regiment anthirsd at the last session of Congress have lieeu recruited and organized, and a large pnnion of ihe troops have already been sent to the field. All tbe duties, wh oh devolve on tho military establishment, have been w.lisf.ietoril y per lonned, and Uie dangers and privations incident to Ihe character of ihe service required of our Imnpa have furnished additional evidence of their cour age, seal, aod capacity to meet any mptisitiob, which their country may make upon them, for th d.-taila of Ihe rn I vary operations, the d trbii tion of ihe troops, aad ai'.d.iioual p oruioiia re.ii red for tbe inibUry eerviee, 1 refer you to 'he rejmrl of 9