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Michael Lopez/Walla Walla Union-Bulletin
A dusting of snow sits on the statue of Marcus Whitman in Walla Walla in 2016.
Scrutiny continues to mount for
pioneering Northwest missionary
“The killing of Whitman was the trig-
ger that made Walla Walla part of the United
States,” he said.
SPOKANE, Wash. — For generations
Twenty years after the massacre, fellow
Marcus Whitman has been widely viewed missionary Henry Spalding manufactured
as an iconic fi gure from early Pacifi c North- a false story about Whitman. Spalding con-
west history, a venerated Protestant mission- tended Whitman had traveled to Washington,
ary who was among 13 people killed by the D.C., and “persuaded President (John) Tyler
Cayuse tribe near modern-day Walla Walla in to stop the British plot to steal the Oregon Ter-
1847.
ritory from the United States,” Harden said.
But this past year has seen a continued
There is no evidence Whitman actually did
reappraisal of Whitman, whose actions have this, Harden said.
increasingly been viewed as imperialistic and
But Spalding relentlessly promoted that
destructive.
story, and it became the popularly accepted
The Washington Legislature voted to strip myth, Harden said, printed in history books
his likeness from the U.S. Capitol. Students for decades. The myth was debunked in 1900
at Whitman College in Walla Walla demon- by a Yale professor and dropped from wide
strated recently to demand another Whitman use.
statue be removed from campus. A new book
Whitman’s name still adorns landmarks
says a well-known story about Whitman’s across the Pacifi c Northwest, including many
eff orts to save the Northwest from British rule schools, streets, a hotel in Walla Walla, a
was fabricated.
county in eastern Washington, a national for-
The developments come amid a nation- est in Oregon and a glacier on Mount Rainier.
wide movement, following George Floyd’s
In 1953 a heroic statue to Whitman was
death last year, to shed Confederate monu- placed in Statuary Hall at the U.S. Capitol as
ments and depictions of historical fi gures who one of two representing Washington state. He
mistreated Native Americans. Statues of colo- is standing, wearing buckskin garments and
nizers have been targeted in several states.
holding a thick Bible and saddlebags. Some
Marcus Whitman is known for leading a people grumbled about the false story of Whit-
small group of missionaries in 1836 into what man’s achievements even then, Harden said.
was then Oregon Country, a region about the
Harden noted that Whitman College has
size of Alaska. He estab-
taken concrete steps for
lished the Whitman Mission
decades to distance itself
‘EVEN WHEN I
at Waiilatpu, near the Walla
from the Whitman myth.
Walla River.
includes moving a
FIRST CAME TO That
The mission was in the
statue identical to the one
territory of the Cayuse Tribe,
WHITMAN AND in Statuary Hall to a remote
which was wary of the white
corner of campus. The
THEY TOOK
settlers.
college in 2016 voted to
Whitman and his wife,
change its mascot from the
US TO THE
Narcissa, were strict Cal-
Missionaries to the Blues,
vinists who preached a
in honor of a nearby moun-
MONUMENT,
demanding version of Chris-
tain range. There are no
I THOUGHT,
tianity that proved unpop-
plans to change the name of
ular with the tribe. In more
the elite college.
‘THIS GUY IS
than a decade of eff ort,
Washington legislators
they managed to convert
A COLONIZER.
had been working for sev-
only two members of the
eral years to replace Whit-
HE’S NOT
tribe, said Blaine Harden,
man’s statue in Statuary
an author and former New
Hall. This year they chose
SOMEONE
York Times and Washing-
deceased Native American
TO BE
ton Post reporter who wrote
fi shing and environmental
the newly published “Mur-
Billy Frank Jr. for
CELEBRATED.’ ’ activist
der at the Mission” about the
the honor.
Gillian Brown |
massacre.
The measure’s prime
sophomore at Whitman College
“Whitman was a medi-
sponsor, state Rep. Debra
in Walla Walla
ocre missionary,” Harden
Lekanoff , a Democrat, is
said.
the only Native American
But the mission became
in the Washington Legisla-
an important stop along the Oregon Trail from ture. Her strategy was to praise Frank with-
1843 to 1847, and the Cayuse became suspi- out criticizing Whitman, to avoid antagoniz-
cious that the white settlers were coming to ing supporters of the missionary.
take the land.
Gov. Jay Inslee in April signed the bill,
After a few years, the Whitmans lost inter- beginning the process of putting a statue of
est in the Cayuse and spent their time trying Frank in the U.S. Capitol.
to convert white settlers. Whitman eventually
“We expect to send our best from the state
decided the Native Americans needed to give of Washington to be memorialized in the
way to the settlers.
United States Capitol in Statuary Hall,” Inslee
An 1847 measles outbreak killed half said at the bill signing ceremony. “We can’t
the local Cayuse. The illness also broke out send the Nisqually River or Mount Rainier,
in the mission, but more white settlers sur- but we can send Billy Frank Jr.”
vived. Some of the Cayuse blamed the devas-
Meanwhile, Whitman students have been
tation on Whitman and his wife. The Cayuse working to remove a Whitman statue from
had a tradition of killing failed medicine men, campus, including at an April demonstration.
Harden said, and Whitman, a medical doc-
Sophomore Gillian Brown told the school
tor, was warned to leave the area. The Cayuse newspaper she was uncomfortable with the
attacked the mission and killed the Whitmans way the statue glorifi ed Whitman’s legacy.
and 11 others.
“Even when I fi rst came to Whitman and
The deaths shocked the nation.
they took us to the monument, I thought,
After the massacre, the settlers of the ‘This guy is a colonizer. He’s not someone
region sent a delegation to Washington, D.C., to be celebrated,’” Brown told the Whitman
and used the massacre to motivate Congress Wire.
to make Oregon Country an offi cial part of
The issue is still up in the air.
the United States, completing the continental
The campus statue is owned by Walla
nation, Harden said.
Walla, college spokeswoman Gina Ohns-
Prior to that, the region that became the tad said. The city is working on a process to
states of Oregon, Washington and Idaho had allow residents to submit formal requests for
been jointly held with the British, Harden said. the removal of public art.
By NICHOLAS K. GERANIOS
Associated Press
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