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THE ASTORIAN • SATURDAY, JUNE 15, 2019
What’s so bad about processed foods? Scientists offer clues
cookies, yogurt and even soda.
For the French study, author Mathilde
Touvier also noted the largely unexamined
effects of the “cocktail” of additives used to
make the various processed foods we eat.
All three studies come with big cave-
ats. The U.S. study was tiny and individual
behavior varied widely: Some ate about the
same amount of calories on both diets, and
others ate far more on the processed diet.
Meals in the two diets were rated as
being similarly pleasant, but Hall noted
it’s possible participants were saying what
they thought they should. The processed
food diet included foods like salted nuts
and whole milk, compared with unsalted
nuts and lower-fat milk for the unprocessed
diet.
With the French and Spanish studies,
there could be other habits and environ-
mental factors that explain the differences
in health risks. The studies also didn’t
refl ect the broader population. In the Span-
ish study, participants were college grad-
uates and relatively younger. And though
processed food was tied to a greater risk of
death, the total number of deaths was still
relatively small.
By CANDICE CHOI
Associated Press
NEW YORK — Chips, soda and frozen
pizzas tend to be full of salt, sugar and fat,
but now scientists are trying to understand
if there’s something else about such pro-
cessed foods that might be bad for us.
Already, the spread of cheap, packaged
foods has been linked to rising obesity rates
around the world. Yet advice to limit pro-
cessed foods can seem unhelpful, given
how convenient they are and the growing
array of products that fall into the category.
While three recent studies offer more
clues on how our increasingly industri-
alized food supply may be affecting our
health, they also underscore how diffi cult
nutrition science and advice can be. Here’s
what they say.
What does ‘processed’ mean?
Whether it’s curing, freezing, milling
or pasteurization, nearly all foods undergo
some type of processing. Even though pro-
cessing itself doesn’t automatically make
food unhealthy, “processed foods” is gener-
ally a negative term.
To more precisely identify the processed
foods of most concern, scientists came up
with a system that groups foods into four
categories. It’s far from perfect, but the sys-
tem says highly processed foods are made
mostly of industrialized ingredients and
additives, with little to no intact whole
foods.
Sodas, packaged cookies, instant noo-
dles and chicken nuggets are some exam-
ples of highly processed foods. But also
included are products that can seem whole-
some, like breakfast cereals, energy bars
and some yogurts.
What’s wrong
with processed foods?
Cheap packaged foods are everywhere
including checkout lines, gas stations and
vending machines, and a very small four-
week clinical trial might deepen our under-
standing of why that’s likely fueling obe-
sity rates.
Researchers at the National Institutes
of Health found people ate an average of
500 extra calories a day when fed mostly
National Institutes of Health
An ‘ultra-processed’ lunch including brand-name macaroni and cheese, chicken tenders,
canned green beans and diet lemonade. Researchers found people ate an average of 500 extra
calories a day when fed mostly processed foods, compared with when the same people were
fed minimally processed foods. That’s even though researchers tried to match the meals for
nutrients like fat, fi ber and sugar.
processed foods, compared with when the
same people were fed minimally processed
foods. That’s even though researchers tried
to match the meals for nutrients like fat,
fi ber and sugar.
The 20 participants were allowed to eat
as much or as little as they wanted, and
were checked into a clinic so their health
and behavior could be monitored.
That’s not all the bad news.
In another study based on questionnaires,
researchers in France found people who ate
more processed foods were more likely to
have heart disease. A similar study in Spain
found eating more processed foods was
linked to a higher risk of death in general.
What is it about processed foods?
Beyond the fact they taste really good,
there might other reasons why it’s so hard
to stop eating foods like cheese puffs and
ice cream.
When fed minimally processed foods,
people in the clinical trial produced more
of a hormone that suppresses appetite,
and less of a hormone that causes hun-
ger. The reason for the biological reaction
isn’t clear. Another fi nding: People ate pro-
cessed foods faster.
“Those foods tend to be softer and eas-
ier to chew and swallow,” said Kevin Hall,
a researcher at the National Institutes of
Health who led the study.
Hall noted the source of nutrients might
make a difference. Fibers from whole fruits
and vegetables, for instance, may be better
for making people feel full than the types
of fi ber added to packaged foods such as
What should you eat?
Even without the latest studies, advice
to limit processed foods probably makes
sense to most people. Minimally processed
foods tend to be richer in nutrients and
more diffi cult to overeat, since they’re not
as widely available and convenient.
Still, following that advice can be hard,
especially if for people with limited time
and money to spend on food.
“What frustrates me is when the mes-
sage is, ‘Change the way you eat,’ without
thinking about why people eat the way they
eat,” said Sarah Bowen, a professor who
studies food and inequality at North Caro-
lina State University.
Another challenge is the broad spec-
trum of processed foods, and distinguish-
ing which ones might be better or worse as
companies continually re-engineer prod-
ucts to make them seem more wholesome.
So while the newest studies may give us
more reasons to avoid industrialized foods,
they also underscore the diffi culty of com-
ing up with solutions.
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2 bdrm/1bath
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