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THE DAILY ASTORIAN • WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 2, 2019
Grand Canyon celebrates 100 years as a national park
By FELICIA FONSECA
Associated Press
FLAGSTAFF, Ariz. — The fi rst Euro-
pean American who reached the Colorado
River in the Grand Canyon marveled at
what was before him: an astounding sys-
tem of canyons, profound fi ssures and slen-
der spires that seemingly tottered from their
bases.
The scenery wasn’t enough to con-
vince Lt. Joseph Christmas Ives that any-
one would visit after his group that set out
in a steamboat wrapped up an expedition
in 1858.
“Ours has been the fi rst and, doubtless,
will be the last party of whites to visit this
profi tless locality,” he wrote. “It seems
intended by nature that the Colorado River
along the greater portion of its lonely and
majestic way shall be forever unvisited and
undisturbed.”
That clearly wasn’t the way things
worked out, and the Grand Canyon in 2019
will celebrate its 100th anniversary as a
national park.
Despite a federal government shut-
down that has closed some other national
parks, the Grand Canyon has remained
open because Arizona decided to supply
money needed to keep trails, shuttles and
restrooms open.
It now draws more than 6 million tour-
ists a year who peer over the popular South
Rim into the gorge a mile deep, navigate
river rapids, hike the trails and camp under
the stars.
Emery Cowan/Arizona Daily Sun
Tourists Joseph Lin, Ning Chao, center, and Linda Wang, left, pose for a selfi e at Grand Canyon National Park in 2015.
Early explorers
Early explorers came on boat, foot and
horseback, often with the help of Native
American guides. The wealthy traveled by
stagecoach in a two-day trip from Flagstaff
to the southernmost point on the canyon’s
South Rim in the 1880s.
The fi rst passenger train rolled in from
Williams in 1901, but the railroad was
more interested in mining copper than car-
rying tourists. The automobile became the
more popular way to reach the Grand Can-
yon in the 1930s.
Early entrepreneurs charged $1 to hike
down the Bright Angel Trail used by the
Havasupai people whose current-day reser-
vation lies in the depths of the Grand Can-
yon, developed camping spots and built
hotels. Tourists paid for drinking water,
to use outhouses and for curios in a tent
pitched at the South Rim.
Ralph Cameron, a prospector for whom
the Navajo Nation community of Cameron
is named, was one of the major opponents
of naming the Grand Canyon a national
park because he saw how much money
could be made from tourism.
President Woodrow Wilson signed legis-
lation to create the park in 1919, but Teddy
Roosevelt is credited for its early preser-
AP Photo/Julie Jacobson
The Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona
covered in morning sunlight.
vation as a game reserve and a national
monument.
He famously said: “Leave it as it is. You
cannot improve on it. The ages have been at
work on it, and man can only mar it.”
Centennial events will include Roos-
evelt impersonators, a historical sympo-
sium, a living history week and efforts to
get visitors beyond the South Rim by show-
casing lesser-known sites on social media.
The park’s actual birthday is Feb. 26, when
a celebration is scheduled at the South Rim,
with other events at other locations pro-
grammed for later in the year.
Vanessa Ceja Cervantes, one of the cen-
tennial coordinators, said the park will
broadcast ranger talks, the founder’s day
event and other virtual tours throughout the
year.
“A lot of our visitors come for the day
and they’re drawn here for this amazing
landscape,” she said. “But we really want
to give them reasons to stay, to learn about
the geology, the natural resources, cultural
or historic because there’s something here
for everyone.”
Visitors might even learn about the
Apollo 11 astronauts who trained at the
Grand Canyon, a spotted skunk there who
does a handstand when it feels threatened,
a commercial airline crash that spurred the
creation of the Federal Aviation Adminis-
tration or the story of a heart-shaped rock
embedded in wall for a hotel waitress.
Home to tribes
Before Grand Canyon became a national
park, the land was home to and visited fre-
quently by Native American tribes.
As the story goes, Spanish explor-
ers reached the canyon in the 1540s, led
by Hopi guides. They descended into the
canyon but misjudged its depth and vast-
ness, turning back before they could reach
the Colorado River. Their reports likely
deterred others from exploring the region
for centuries.
Gertrude Smith, who works in the cul-
tural offi ce for the Yavapai-Apache Nation
in Camp Verde, said tribes continue to
revere the Grand Canyon as a place of
emergence and where they forage for plants
and nuts, and hunted before it became
outlawed.
“People do forget the Native people were
the fi rst people to dwell in these places and
use the resources,” she said.
Wayne Ranney, the immediate past pres-
ident of the Grand Canyon Historical Soci-
ety, moved to Phantom Ranch to work as
a backcountry ranger in 1975, a job that
would create a bond with his paternal
grandfather, who fi rst visited Grand Can-
yon National Park in 1919. He worked
for the railroad and could get a round-trip
ticket for $5, Ranney said.
In the years after World War II ended,
the National Park Service began to mod-
ernize places like the Grand Canyon. The
gorge hit 1 million visitors annually in
1956, a number that has only grown since.
“Its popularity is never diminished,”
Ranney said. “For most people, even
though it may be crowded when they visit,
they still come away with a feeling of awe.”
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