9A
THE DAILY ASTORIAN • THURSDAY, AUGUST 25, 2016
Jetty: ‘Our intent is to not come back out here for 50 years’
Continued from Page 1A
Project managers estimate the repairs to Jetty
A will be completed in June 2017. Ilwaco res-
idents and state park visitors will notice some
construction trafic due to the project, but barg-
ing the rocks in has reduced that trafic signii-
cantly compared to past projects that relied on
trucks to move all the rock. The barge is also
more cost-effective, project oficials said.
Scope of the repairs
From above, it’s easy to spot several dips,
gaps and holes in the jetty’s exterior that show
how the elements have battered it over the
years.
What’s not as easy to see is the almost 900
feet of rock that is now mostly submerged. In
fact, boats that try to cut the corner outside the
navigation buoy, risk striking the rocks.
According to Jerry Otto, a Corps civil engi-
neer and the Jetty A project manager, not all of
that will be rebuilt. He said scientiic modeling
now gives engineers “a more precise muscle,”
so that less material can be used to make jetties
more eficient structures.
That modeling shows workers will need to
add just an additional 200 feet to bring the jetty
up to full functional capacity. A massive fortii-
cation of rocks at the tip of the jetty should pre-
vent any future loss of length.
Currently, workers are focusing repairs to the
most degraded sections of the jetty.
Photos by David Plechl/EO Media Group
Kiewit construction workers offloaded nearly 14,000 tons of stone from a barge at the
tip of Jetty A as part of a construction and rebuilding effort that will last through next
summer. The jetty system supports safe ship travel through the mouth Columbia River
and neighboring navigation channels.
Arming the jetty
Crews were working around the clock to
unload the shipments of basalt, a type of vol-
canic rock that is known for its durability and
strength. Each boulder weighs somewhere
between 6 and 28 tons, and each barge carries
about 13,000 to 14,000 tons of stone, project
oficials said. In all, work crews will add about
82,000 tons of rock to the jetty.
A “spotter,” perched below the crane, exam-
ined the shape of each stone, and looked for a
spot in the jetty where it would it neatly. Using
a radio, the spotter relayed his suggestions to the
crane operator, who gently lowered each one
into place. The procedure resembled a large-
scale version the video game Tetris.
“The key is to have as much interlock
between the stones as possible,” said Otto.
The boulders that didn’t go straight into the
jetty were loaded into what resemble gigantic
versions of the classic yellow toy Tonka trucks.
The crews hauled them to a staging yard, where
they dumped them, sending up plumes of dust.
Later, the rocks would be organized by size,
weight and shape.
What the jetties do
“It’s all for navigation. We really want to
make it a safe navigation coming in and out of
the river,” Otto said.
According to the Corps, the jetty system pro-
vides a safe and reliable entrance for a $24 bil-
lion trade economy that depends on the Colum-
bia and Snake river systems. More than 40,000
local jobs rely on that trade.
Positioned east of the North Jetty, the rocky
expanse of Jetty A lurches due south from
Coast Guard station, parallel to the Ilwaco
channel. Before it was built, the “thalweg,”
or deepest, fastest part of the river, slammed
against North Jetty with full-force, damaging
the jetty and degrading the effectiveness of the
whole jetty system, that includes South Jetty
on the south side of the Columbia River. Now,
Ancillary beneits
Engineers and project managers are working alongside Kiewit Corporation construction
crews on the rebuilding of Jetty A. Together with the North and South jetties, Jetty A
supports safe ship travel and even healthy salmon habitat.
the thalweg delects southward and into the
main shipping channel, Otto said.
The mouth of the Columbia River is about
ive miles wide, but the 9.7 mile, three-jetty sys-
tem, reduces that width to approximately two
miles. That narrowing makes the river act like
a hose, lushing sediment to sea. A properly
functioning jetty system greatly reduces the fre-
quency and need for expensive dredging. And a
clearer, deeper channel means safer ship travel.
Dredging Ilwaco Channel
Locally, the Ilwaco channel also beneits from
a properly functioning jetty system. In 1950, a
complete breach of Jetty A caused 200,000 cubic
yards of sediment to lood into Ilwaco channel
making it virtually impassable. More recently, a
10-year storm surge breached degraded parts of
the jetty, and that shifted a lot more sediment than
usual into the channel, said Otto.
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ity of water, and that’s when everything starts
illing in,” Glenn said.
Otto conirmed that pile dikes work in con-
junction with the jetty so that “sediment gets
dropped where you want it, and pushed out
where you don’t want it.”
“If we took out Jetty A, there would proba-
bly be an island created where Ilwaco channel is
now,” Otto said.
Glenn said Port of Ilwaco is working closely
with the Corps of Engineers, the Paciic North-
west Waterways Association, and congressional
delegates to come up with an engineering plan
and funding to repair the aging pile dikes.
Glenn said dredging is currently the port’s
highest priority. The channel wasn’t dredged in
2013, Glenn said, and as a result, a Coast Guard
boat hit bottom coming into port, and the Corps
had to seek emergency funding. That “was a
real challenging year,” Glenn said.
Glenn says he has lobbied in Washington,
D.C., for funding for a more long-term solution
to the silt problem. It’s going to take time, he
said, but he’s hopeful that local leaders will be
able to fully resolve the pile-dike issue within
the next three to ive years.
Regular dredging since 2013 has kept the
depth and condition of the Ilwaco channel at a
very high standard, said Glenn, who reported
bigger boats are coming in carrying more ton-
nage. When that happens, local economies ben-
eit, he said.
“It’s a real thing for us,” Glenn said. “We just
want to help the Corps be able to do the job.
They know it needs to be done. There’s just so
many different priorities and funding limita-
tions. It’s just a matter of keeping after it.”
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As the rocks dropped on land, Corps crews
in the river were back dredging the Ilwaco chan-
nel again. Guy Glenn, manager of the Port of
Ilwaco, said repairs to Jetty A will deinitely
help keep silt and sediment out of Ilwaco chan-
nel, but he thinks additional infrastructure proj-
ects are needed.
“I’m sure there some effects from the jetty
deterioration, but we think there’s a larger prob-
lem than that,” Glenn said.
Glenn said dynamic movements of water
and sand around nearby islands are also increas-
ing the need for dredging in Ilwaco channel,
because pile dikes along Sand Island and at the
main stem of the river have decayed to the point
where they are either under water or completely
detached from land. When that happens, instead
of funneling water into the channel to scour out
sediment, water lows in behind the pile dikes.
“With that low splitting, it slows the veloc-
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In addition to providing safe passage for
mariners who are headed out to sea, the jetty
system also helps ocean-bound salmon.
The narrowing effect of the jetties increases
the velocity of the water as it passes through
the channel. Scientists have discovered that
this increase in speed dramatically improves
the condition of the Columbia River plume; the
zone where fresh water exiting the river meets
and rises above the denser saltwater of the
Paciic Ocean.
According to an environmental assessment
provided by the Corps, this multi-layered zone
provides key habitat in the life cycle of juvenile
salmonids, who often spend the irst few weeks
of their ocean life in the plume. Food concen-
trates in its fronts and eddies, and the high tur-
bidity in the plume also provides cover from
predators while the young ish gain strength.
Eventually, the quickly moving plume helps
the salmon move farther away from shore. The
plume also provides important spawning habitat
for northern anchovy, an important food source
for salmon and humpback whales.
Big project, big money
Work on Jetty A should be completed by
next summer. After that, the Corps will start a
roughly year-long effort to rehabilitate North
Jetty. In 2019, the Corps will start a more ambi-
tious, four-year restoration of South Jetty.
According to estimates provided by the Corps
in its 2012 “Major Rehabilitation Evaluation
report,” the total cost of work on all three jetties
is estimated to cost $257.2 million.
Corps oficials hope the work will help the
jetty system perform well for a long time to come.
“Our intent is to not come back out here for
50 years,” Otto said.
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