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THE DAILY ASTORIAN • THURSDAY, JULY 28, 2016
Wildlife: Eagle populations will continue to grow despite threats
Continued from Page 1A
years unless some sort of envi-
ronmental catastrophe forces a
more immediate look at how a
species is doing. Even after a
species is delisted, the Fish and
Wildlife will review it again
ive years later.
This year, ive listed spe-
cies are up for review: the mar-
bled murrelet, the bald eagle,
the peregrine falcon, American
white pelicans and the lynx.
Of these ive, the irst four
are familiar — by name if not
by regular sightings — to most
coastal residents.
Eagles lying high
Bald eagles are especially
visible here at the mouth of the
Columbia River. Any given
morning, there’s at least one
perched on driftwood, on the
lookout for prey and making
the gulls nervous.
Eagle populations dropped
decades ago primarily due to
chemical contaminants, but
also thanks to habitat loss. After
being listed as endangered under
the federal Endangered Species
Act in 1978, state and federal
organizations laid down pro-
tective measures and eventu-
ally the enormous birds of prey
were delisted federally in 2007.
Currently, they remain listed as
“sensitive” in Washington, but
now the state is recommending
a change, saying that this status
no longer applies.
A review document pub-
lished by Fish and Wildlife in
early July sums up the status
of the bald eagle, saying that
“while there are still threats”
to the species, “current popula-
tion analyses indicate that bald
eagle populations will continue
to grow despite those threats.”
According to recent data
from North America, the bald
eagle population is projected
to continue to grow for the
next 10 to 20 years. Under this
model, the total population
would eventually stabilize at
about 228,000 birds.
Even if they are removed
from Washington’s list, bald
eagles would remain pro-
tected under three differ-
ent federal acts: the Bald and
Golden Eagle Protection Act,
the Migratory Bird Treaty Act
and the Lacey Act.
All three acts provide just
as much if not more protection
as any state listing, said Han-
nah Anderson, Fish and Wild-
life listing and recovery sec-
tion manager.
Murrelets struggle
But the future is less bright
Joshua Saranpaa/Submitted Photo
American bald eagle numbers are on the rise after dropping drastically decades ago.
The Daily Astorian/File Photo
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
The Wildlife Center of the North Coast in Olney dealt with an
influx of 4- to 6-week-old American white pelican chicks after a
2014 disturbance at their colony 10 miles upriver from Astoria.
Marbled murrelets nest in Pacific County forests and are in
trouble throughout the Pacific Northwest. Washington state is
re-examining their protection status.
for marbled murrelets, which
loggers used to call fog larks.
As of 2015, there were only
an estimated 7,500 birds in the
state, according to a July 2016
status review document for the
marbled murrelet prepared by
Fish and Wildlife.
Paciic County provides
nesting opportunities for mar-
bled murrelets, for instance
in the protected trees in Cape
Disappointment State Park.
In 2015, the park opened up a
new trail to its historic North
Head Lighthouse. The trail,
a wide paved multi-use path,
winds through possible mar-
bled murrelet habitat. To mit-
igate for this, the park closed
down another trail that used to
take hikers from a parking lot
continues to be a likely factor
in the birds’ decline statewide,
biologists believe a combi-
nation of factors are at work.
Low reproductive rates coupled
with the fact that few juvenile
birds are surviving into adult-
hood currently appear more to
blame.
Between 2004 and 2008,
only 20 percent of nests were
considered “successful,” with
many nestlings starving or adult
birds abandoning their eggs
before completing incubation.
“Without solutions that
can effectively address these
concerns in the short-term,
it is likely the marbled mur-
relet could become function-
ally extirpated in Washing-
ton within the next several
near Beards Hollow up to the
lighthouse.
The Washington State
Department
of
Natural
Resources maintains a signif-
icant stand of old-growth for-
est on the South Nemah River
on the east side of Willapa Bay,
partly to serve as murrelet hab-
itat. In 2011, possible presence
of the birds on bordering Radar
Ridge doomed a wind-en-
ergy farm proposed by Paciic
County Public Utility District
No. 2.
Marbled murrelets ly
upward of 55 miles inland to
nest in mature and old conifer
forests, places that have been
impacted in the past by com-
mercial logging operations.
While loss of nesting habitat
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6 PM
Pelicans and peregrines
The other birds up for
review, American white peli-
cans and peregrine falcons, are
both doing well in Washing-
ton, however. The department
is recommending that pere-
grine falcons be delisted at the
state level, though they are still
considered “protected wild-
life” under state law. Both they
and white pelicans are already
protected under the federal
Migratory Bird Treaty Act.
Peregrine falcons, like bald
LISTINGS
THE DAILY
ASTORIAN
A
decades,” the review document
states.
In other words: the mar-
bled murrelet “is not in a good
place and it’s not getting bet-
ter,” Anderson said.
eagles, experienced severe
population declines across
North America and even much
of their global range due to
the use of contaminants, espe-
cially the synthetic insecticide
DDT. In 1980 in Washing-
ton, there were only ive nest-
ing pairs of peregrine falcons
found statewide. As the use
of DDT was restricted, how-
ever, peregrine falcon popula-
tions began to slowly recover,
including in Paciic County.
White pelicans are not
listed under the federal Endan-
gered Species Act and Wash-
ington state calls them only a
“moderate conservation con-
cern.” A conservative estimate
of the total population in 1998
to 2001 was approximately
157,000 adults, a far cry from
when the population dipped in
the 19th and early 20th centu-
ries due to “habitat loss, perse-
cution and pesticide contami-
nants, especially DDT.”
Though the population has
grown in the decades since,
white pelicans are concen-
trated on a few breeding colo-
nies and are particular vulnera-
ble to disturbance, disease and
environmental changes.
Bird rescuers in the Astoria
area have irsthand knowledge
of the pelicans’ vulnerability.
In 2014, starving white pelican
chicks, too young still to ly or
feed themselves, were rescued
off beaches along the Colum-
bia River after campers spend-
ing the Fourth of July week on
their nest island got too close
to the nesting parents, scaring
them away. The chicks, aban-
doned, took to the water and
were swept downriver to Asto-
ria, Chinook and Ilwaco. Res-
cuers believed close to 100
chicks were scared off the
island though they were only
able to capture 30 and of these,
only 21 survived to be reha-
bilitated and then released in
September.
Submit comments
Washington Department of
Fish and Wildlife is accepting
public comments on all ive
species up for review through
Oct. 10. For more information
about the individual species
and to read the review docu-
ments associated with them,
visit http://bit.ly/2ayVY0x
Comments on the reviews
and recommendations can be
submitted via e-mail to Tan-
dEpubliccom@dfw.wa.gov
or by mail to Hannah Ander-
son, Washington Department
of Fish and Wildlife, 600 Cap-
itol Way N., Olympia, WA
98501-1091.
Evening listings
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