12A
THE DAILY ASTORIAN • TUESDAY, APRIL 26, 2016
Salmon: Research could change how wetlands are restored
Continued from Page 1A
The crew, less than two
weeks into a study that runs
through July, got their trawl net
tangled up, but still returned to
port with a modest catch: a sin-
gle hatchery yearling Chinook,
and a wild steelhead trout.
“In three days of sam-
pling here, we’re trying to get
50 ish of each yearling Chi-
nook and steelhead,” Weitkamp
said. “The idea is that some of
the ish we’re catching are not
stocks we’re interested in, and
so we need to get enough so
we have a big enough sample
size of the stocks we are inter-
ested in — the Snake River and
mid- upper-Columbia Chinook
… and the Columbia steelhead
as well.”
The juvenile salmon and
steelhead caught in Weitkamp’s
nets could be some of the same
counted by a separate NOAA
survival study upriver as the ish
swim through an antenna array
afixed to an open-ended trawl
net.
Lance Renoux, a wildlife biologist from Ocean Associ-
ates, takes a blood sample from one of the juvenile fish.
Photos by Joshua Bessex/The Daily Astorian
Crews prepare a trawling net on the Columbia River near Cathlamet, Wash.
‘The goal is to try to draw some
inferences of how these wetlands
are benefiting the salmon.’
Kurt Fresh
Gut and freeze
Docked back in Cathlamet,
the crew started untangling the
net, while Weitkamp and Lance
Renoux, a wildlife biologist
from Ocean Associates, pro-
cessed the catch.
Renoux snatched the ish
from the bucket and submerged
them in a liquid anesthetic
before measuring and taking
blood samples. As he removed
his needle and placed the sam-
ple in a small plastic test tube,
Renoux passed each ish on to
Weitkamp, who quickly sliced
open the guts and removed the
Red Hots-sized livers, crushing
and lash-freezing them between
metal blocks supercooled in dry
the principal investigator in the migration study and head of the estuarine and ocean
ecology program in the National Marine Fisheries Science Center, part of NOAA
ice. Meanwhile, Renoux hooked
up a small, portable centrifuge to
spin the blood samples.
“We have to bleed immedi-
ately, and we have to take the
livers within 10 minutes,” Weit-
kamp said of the quick progres-
sion from lopping yearling in
a bucket of water to a dissected
corpse on ice.
Signs of growth
Back at the Point Adams
Research Station, research-
ers remove more parts of the
salmon, including the stomach,
intestines, ear bones, gills and
a in clip, before sending the
specimens to various National
Marine Fisheries Science Cen-
ter labs from Newport to Seattle.
With juvenile yearling
salmon spending only a week
in the estuary on their way out
to sea, Weitkamp said research-
ers need quick indicators of
growth related to time spent in
the estuary, such as the animals’
diets and nutrients gleaned from
nearby food sources.
Fresh said NOAA has
another researcher looking
at what sort of organic mat-
ter lows from wetlands into
the channel, with the overar-
ching goal of inding linkages
between migrating yearlings
and wetlands.
Are wetlands working?
Weitkamp’s crew inished
their irst round of sampling
Friday. In a few weeks, they’ll
begin a new two-week ield pro-
cess, trawling for salmon and
steelhead along the Columbia
near Rooster Rock in the Colum-
bia River Gorge, Longview,
Laurie Weitkamp, a biologist with NOAA, measures the
length of a juvenile Chinook.
Cathlamet and just downriver
from the Astoria Bridge. They’ll
keep sampling into the summer,
when the yearlings all reach the
ocean and the focus shifts to
subyearling fall Chinook from
the Snake River that can spend
weeks to months in the estuary.
NOAA’s and the Paciic
Northwest National Labora-
tory’s studies are joined at the
hip and paid for by the Corps.
While NOAA focuses on the
indirect beneits of wetlands to
salmon and steelhead swim-
ming by, Fresh said, the Depart-
ment of Energy’s laboratory
sends researchers into wetlands
nearby to see how the migrants
interact with the restored areas
while in them.
After two years of ieldwork,
researchers will synthesize the
collected data and turn it into a
inal report to the Corps.
“The goal is to try to draw
some inferences of how these
wetlands are beneiting the
salmon,” Fresh said, adding
the results, if deinitive enough,
could lead to changes in how
and where wetlands are restored.
Ghost ishing: ‘Crabs get trapped in the pots and starve to death’
Continued from Page 1A
Recommended solutions
include degradable panels on
traps that will quickly break
down and allow trapped marine
life to escape, and fast-de-
grading screws on whelk pots
that serve the same purpose.
Numerous international agree-
ments also prohibit the delib-
erate dumping of ishing equip-
ment at sea.
Some debris is deliberately
thrown overboard; in England,
small vessels can run up landill
charges of 500 British pounds
($702) per year, giving them an
incentive to ditch broken gear.
“Crabs get trapped in the
pots and starve to death,” said
John Wnek, supervisor of New
Jersey’s Marine Academy of
Technology and Environmen-
tal Science, whose students are
involved in a project to collect
abandoned ishing gear from
New Jersey’s Barnegat Bay.
“They’re still ishing long after
they’re not supposed to be. This
happens everywhere there’s
commercial ishing.”
Tons of nets
A 2009 United Nations
report estimated there are
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640,000 tons of abandoned
ishing nets on the ocean loor
worldwide. A 2005 survey
found ishing boats in Green-
land lose an average of 15 nets
per day, stretching nearly 2,500
feet.
A 2001 study suggested that
ghost ishing kills 4 million to
10 million blue crabs each year
in Louisiana alone.
A 2002 study found 260,000
traps being lost each year in
the Gulf of Arabia, leading the
United Arab Emirates to man-
date degradable panels in the
traps, a step other jurisdictions
have also adopted. The follow-
ing year, a study in South Korea
off the coast of Incheon found
97,000 tons of discarded ish-
ing gear, and about 1,000 tons
of lost gear are recovered each
year from the Sea of Japan.
The U.S. National Marine
Fisheries Service estimates 12
miles of net are lost each day of
the ishing season in the North
Paciic, and in Queensland,
Australia, about 6,000 crab pots
are lost each year.
Solving the problem
While the scope of the prob-
lem is vast, so is the range
of projects to address it. One
such effort, called “Fishing For
Energy,” has collected over 3
million pounds of discarded
ishing gear nationwide. It has
already plucked more than 400
crab traps from Barnegat Bay
and has its sights on 600 more.
It also is active in Massachu-
setts, Oregon, Rhode Island,
New Hampshire and Florida.
Traps that are still usable
are returned to local isher-
men; unusable ones are either
recycled or burned in one of
40 trash-to-energy incinera-
tors run by the energy company
Covanta.
The work involves volun-
LISTINGS
A - Charter Astoria/ Seaside - L - Charter Long Beach
teers taking boats onto the bay
and using sonar to detect crab
pots on the bay’s loor. They
mark the spot with buoys and
slowly sail over them, trying
to snag the debris with a grap-
pling hook dragged from a
heavy rope. It is funded in part
by a $109,000 grant from the
National Oceanic and Atmo-
spheric Administration.
Cleanups are also underway
in other countries. A Septem-
ber effort in Orkney, England,
retrieved 60 crab pots and 25
whelk pots, along with rope and
netting that a local artist used to
create doormats.
Evening listings
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