OHEGON CITY, OKEdON. FRIDAY. DKCKMHKU 12, 1013 i OREGON CITY ENTERPRISE E. E. Published Evtry Friday. BRODIE, Editor and Publisher. Entered at Oregon Ctljr, Oregon. I'oatofflre as secondlaea matter. Subscription Rates: One year Six Months '? Trial Subscription. Two Months Subscribers will nnd the date of expiration stamped on their papers for lowing their nan. If last payment Is not credited, kindly notify us, and the matter will receive our attention. Advertising nates on application. LEGISLATION THROUGH THE COURTS is becoming more common every day. It has reached a state far beyond even the wildct drems or speculations of fancy of olJ John Marshall, the first judicial legislator that the country ever had. In the das when Marshall headed the supreme court of the United States, lav were passed by that court ar.d constitutional provisions explained in such a way that the central govern ment's authority and powers were materially enlarged over those contem plated by the authors of the instrument in that historical constitutional con vention, Since that time, the courts have changed but little. Every statute that U passed through the legislative halls has to be tested through the courts and the meaning of the legislators explained. Even the simplest language and the most concise and perfect sentences in the best planned laws are not clear un til the courts have told the people just what the members of that legislative assembly were thinV ing about when they passed the statute. Sometimes, it is very hard for the courts to understand the meaning, either of the legislators or of the people when such laws are passed. For instance, the cases at Salem. Twice the people have voted for a dry town and have each time driven the saloons out of their city by an overwhelming tote. But the courts could not understand that the people wanted thetr Jown dry, prohibition, free from saloons, and the matter has again found its way into the judicial channels. There is sticks for awhile until the courts have listened to the evidence and have discovered just what the people meant when they voted to place the town under the prohibition regime. All of this would be funny were it not such an important, such a vital issue. The courts have too long butted into affairs that do not in the slight est wav concern them. They have several times attempted to overthrow the expressed w ill of the people. Such absurd acts have the courts committed in the past few years that there is little wonder the masses have taken up the cry for the recall of the judiciary and of judicial decisions. It is pert'ectl)-evident that in a government like ours where the people are suppose to rule in all of their own affairs and business matters that whatever the vote at the polls determines should be taken as final even by the august and all wise judges of courts. It does not seem to us that the courts are necessarily the guardians of the public morals or the arbiters ot the policies of the country. They are supposed to interpret the law as it u given to them by the legislative authorities. In the first instance, the people of the country are the supreme legis lative, judicial, and executive authority. From them comes all of the power that the courts and every other branch of our state and national government possess. The demons against the vote of the people is a decision by the em ployed against the employer, by the hireling against his master. The peopl are the source of all law. Even presuming that election or other opportuni ties for an expression of popular will are not held on the day or dates pro vided by the legislature of the state, the main Issue in the election is not the date upon which it was held but the expression of the people when it was held. If a city decides to put in municipal improvements by a vote of the people at an election and it should be discovered that the bond issue would place the city in debt for a number of years and financially cripple it for that time, the disappointed minority in the fight could appeal to the courts and the will of the people at the election might very easily be set aside. Such interference on the part of the courts all through the country has Mtstified the people in their demand for the recall of the courts. The judicial ermine ought to be above the place where unfavorable decisions could impeach :. k... ; rh a thin? as drivina even a good theory too far into the ground and allowing the courts so much power that the people shall lose alt control or influence over them. It is never good policy to allow the employed such freedom that the employer can have no influence over his acts though he is bound by the results of those acts. The courts are the agents of the people. They have acted, recently, all over the country and in almost every state a though the conditions were reversed. try of our farms to lag behind the other activities of the country in it devel opment. I need not stop to tell you how fundamental to the life of the Na tion is the production of its food. Our thoughts may ordinarily be concen trated upon the cities and the hives of industry, upon the cries of the crowded market place and the clangor of the factory, but it i from the quiet inlet spaces of the open valleys and the free hillsides that we draw the sources of lile and of prosperity, from the farm and the ranch, from the forest and llie mine. Without these every street would be silent, every office deserted, every factory fallen into disrepair. "And yet the, farmer does not stand upon the same footing with the for ester and the miner in the market of credit. He i the servant of the season. Nature determines how long he must wait for his crops, and will not be hur ried in her processes. He may give his note, but the season of its maturity depends upon the season when his crop matures, lies at the gates of the mar ket where his products are sold. And the security he gives is of a character not known in the broker, office or as familiarly as it might be on the counter of the banker. "The Agricultural Department of the Government is seeking to assist as never before to make farming an efficient business, of wide co-operative ef fort, in quick touch with the markets for foodstuffs. THE FARMER AND THE GOVERNMENT WILL HENCEFORTH WORK TO GETHER AS REAL PARTNERS in this field, where we now begin to see our way very clearly and where many intelligent plans are already being put into execution. The Treasury of the United States has, by a timely ami well-considered distribution of its deposits, facilitated the moving of the crops in the present season and prevented the scarcity of available funds too often experienced at such times. But we must not allow ourselves to depend upon extraordinary expedients, "We must add the means by which the farmer may make his credit con stantly and easily available and command when he will the capital by which to support and expand his business. We lag behind many other great coun tries of the modern world in attempting to do this. Systems of rural credit have been studied and developed on the other side of the water while we lett our farmers to shift for themselves in the ordinary money market. You have but to look about you in any rural districts to see the result, the handicap and embarrassment which have been put upon those who produce our foskl. How to Detect the Alum Baiting Powder "Which are the alum haling pwJrr,j how can I avoid them unless they are named? asks a housekeeper. Here it one wayt tale the can of low priced powder in your hand and read the ingredient clause upon the back label. Th . law require that if the powder contain! alum that fact must be there Hated. If you finJ one of the ingredients named alum, or iuU rhato of aluminum, you have found an alum taking powder. There it anolher and a better wav. You donA have to Inow the name of the alum powders, Uc Royal Doling Powder only; that assure you a cream of tartaf powder, and the purest and most healthful baling powder beyond question. T HE WIFE .OF A wealthy business man in the face of her husbamlV pessimism as to the outcome of the experiment, announces that she decided to become mother bv adoption of fifteen children, each to rrprrsent a characteristic racial type. She wants none over a year old. She will leave the hotel in which she and her husband have been living nnd oc cupy a house in the outskirts of the city. She expects to be a mother of them al! and bring them up like brothers and sisters of "an American family of moderate means." Waiving the question as to whether an American family cf moderate means could support fifteen children, the experiment will be watched with considerable interest, futile as it may be in solution of race ptoblems. The chief value of her trial will be in demonstrating whether education and environment are more potent than heredity in forming character. '1 he discussion of this subject has not been confined to country "literaries." T- make a fair test the children should be carefully picked from the same classes. The difficulty of doing this is apparent. But at the outset there will be other insuperable difficulties. She intends to send the children to the public schools. While they may be treated with absolute equality at home it is too much to expect public school children to join the wealthy woman in her ex periment. They will discriminate against some of the children. This will pjve rise to dissension among the heterogeneous household or else the mem bers wll have to flock by themselves and thus miss one of the most valuable influences of the public school system. But if she should succeed in getting these children to respect each other and become brothers and sisters in sentiment, what would be the value, ex cept to show that if brought up together, under the same rules and conditions, members of different races might become amicable? How would we set about getting the different races to adopt a uniform system of education and a uniform set of social and moral regulations? And how can she be sure that her adopted children will be sincere in their supposed affection for each other, there being such a premium on pretense? The experiment is attended u-irh manv uncertainties. Some people will hoot at it altogether, pointing nut that real brothers and sisters often show the widest differences in char acter, ability, and tastes. But nothing should be said to discourage the wom an. Her experiment will give a home and schooling to fifteen youngsters of different nationalities. Her friends say her family will be called an Ameri can zoo. Let us hope that vistors' days will be infrequent. It would be a pity to make mere exhibits out of the children. URAL LETTER CARRIERS got off on the wrong fool at the Mo lalla meeting the other day when they urged the county omit M break un the larce road districts into smaller ones that hettrr atten tion could be given to the highway over which thrv carriers of the mail travel daily. The vital trouble with Clackamas county today i its multiplicity of toad districts. There are 5- different road supervisors in this county with 5 dif Lira of how a road ouuht to be constructed. As a result, the roads of this county look like Joseph' coat of many color and no two of them ate built on the same linrs. C'l.i.-lania count v needs a road master who has complete charge of the road work through all of the districts and under whose supervision all of tlie other men would have to work. As conditions now are. the road super vis4,r is a law unto himself. He builds roads as he thinks they ought to he built. , The effort of the letter carriers to have the road districts cut into smaller .. r. nirmri'iin .-an ! iiven to each hiehwav 1 a bail one. Multm- mah countv has but two road districts and has the best higliwa) in the state It isn't the sie of the road districts that worries this county, but the differ ence in belief as to the best methods of construction. A long a this court ty has it army of supervisors and its present methods of work on the rad just that long will this county continue to spend fJJ5,0X) upon the high ways in a manner that will bring in no evident returns for the taxes ex pendrd. liv. s hard nroblem. The countv coutt here V- usv aMUiw.T i - I..., IL- In tk mifrrr nf l.iVlm av u;rk than imiluMv any other irf,l Ill'Ht IIWIH'K ? Ill Hi, int.ii.. rs - - court in the state. We have 3.NKJ miles of roads as against 5tM) in Multno mah and we have roads that require real engineering brains to improve Multnomah is generally flat in comparison with the hills and valleys through which the roads of this county travel. There are no difficult feats m om struction to overcome. But there they have adopted the policy of few di tricts with one man in charge of them with one idea of construction and im provement. He Ls eiven authority over the supervisors and over all of the county road employes. He has charge of all of the work that is done and whatever he believes is for the best interests of the county can be put through Here, the county court has to send out bulletins when it want to get its su pervisors together. When they do meet, it is like a gathering of the armies. This is a useless waste of money, and. if there Is any satisfaction in it, the county has shown a wonderful lot of improvement in its roads considering in methods. 'Pie method is wasteful and it will never get this county any rallv iMHid hiL-hwav improvement. One road master with a small corps of --" - - r fficient supervisors would grt more work done anil bettrr work. tern has been tried in Multnomah. It ought to be tried here. FORUM OFTHE PEOPLE OUNlMi a r fcDKRAL AID T0 Ooo no,,, OUKIION CITY. Urn.. li., ... Itor of llin Knterprlsel it ,.J soma Interest to your msuy ..',"' know that at a im.in ,lf Orange. No. Si, of l-rk im .rn! h' mm. Nuvimihor 3ii lit r.u ur - - --t MM IIW III "I linn, stflttr an in a til il without a dissenting viiin. " llial AlH.rm.tliy (irans, n, , wishes to ha placed mi rwori M C In opposed to IioiiiIIiik ilia tt.ii. . slate, or nullity fur good ma,l other purpose." " Mi lt was polulril out during Oil t. mission, Hint In the future our Z ,lr.,i. . .1,1,1 I,.... .. f OH ... ......... ... .,.. , ,ltr iu sviuk, nun ws sniiuiil la vnoiitfii to ruin ours; a scheinn stioulil EAL PARTNERS in the world's greatest business enterprise are t.ie .m,r, nf the rnuntrv and the trovernment hereafter. 1 nis prm- cmle was one of the vital theories of the message that Woodrow Wil son, as president, sent to the congress of the United States a few days ago after his first year of administration of the country's airs. The establishment of a better system of credits for the farmer, the work ing out of some plan that will enable him to raise money readily and easily upon his farm and give his security for the funds at a rate in keeping with the value of the mortgage. There is no better security in the marts of trade than the land back of the mortgage. The farm, anyway, is the basis of all real T-t r .v.. r.cT.rnr, n( all nrosnerous 2overnments. i ne inc iaruicr is ina,,,"1!, r for wealth, th. (,rtnTV the mill or the business office is but a convenience the man out on the land whose products feed the people of the cities and whose concentrated wealth is greater than all of the glittering dollars of the Rockefellers and the Rothchilds. Without the farmer, the busy hives of in dustry in the cities would be dead, the roar of the machinery at the mills the towns and cities would stagnate and die. President Wilson outlines his policy along this line and tells what he proposes to do to redeem the credit of the farmer and to enable him to more easily enter the markets and get ready money with which to move the heavy crops on his land. He says: , "It has, singularly enough, come to pass that we have allowed the mdus WHAT IS THE MARK you have set before you? Would it not be better to have a little help in getting to it? Don't think you have to pile up your dollars until they amount to the sum you want to save. As soon as you get a dollar make it begin helping you to get another. You do this by passing it over our counter and telling ns to add it to your savings account Every dollar draws 3 per cent, of its own value every twelve months. The Bank of Oregon City OLDEST BANK IN CLACKAMAS COUNTY XTRA VACANT APPROPRIATIONS are piling up the taxes against the people of the state more rapidly every session. There are, in the course of legislative sessions, many things for which money is asked that are worthy of support. But there are, on the other hand, many things that this state can well afford to do without, especially since the cost of these luxuries is exhorbitant and the people cannot now afford to pay them. The government of the state is top-heavy. There are too many board and commissions for which the people have to pay and the expenses that have to be met. The state legislature has been guilty, several times, of attaching commissions and boards to the state government and making large appropria tions for their contingent expenses. There is really little reason for the state fisheries commission. There i thr cornoration commission. There is little excuse for about half of the boards with which this state has been afflicted for the past few years. The example of making useless appropriations and creating useless boards is a bad one. What the state has done without, it usually can get along without until conditions are such that the remedy must be forthcoming at once. Many boards and commissions are useful and do a great work fur the state. But there are others that the state can afford to lose. The mere .. u,.r tW thru tini-i. Vifcn rfnhlishrd makes it hard to get rid ol IOlk) 1IVJ v V VI , ii.u.. iiivj ' - - them for the people have become accustomed to them and the legislature ex pects to continue to make the regular appropriations. In the matter of fisheries, the government of the United States has a spe cial department devoted exclusively to that work in all of the public streams of the country. The state could better afford to contribute sometnmg to tne work of the government and keep its hands off of the fishery problem. Some of the fish that have been raised in the streams of the state have been found as far down as Californian waters and have done this state little good in re turn for the work and the money that has been invested in their culture. This is a fact and the records of the government show just where some of the fisn .I w. lsn nrninrrd in the uDoer rivers have eone after maturity and what has happened to them after they were large enought to leave their na rw. , I . . f .1 1 .J U ..r.. nl.t. -nfl. t ve waters, lo produce nsn, tne government snuuiu uc givm iu..ih...v ..-.. trol over them. It has every means to get the best results in the culture and nroduction of fish. It has all of the streams of the country at its disposal and a force of men who make that a life study. There is every reason why the state should delegate its streams to the government and should keep its hands nff nf the nroblem altogether. Too many boards and commissions have been responsible for a great deal of the expense that the state will now have to pay and the people will not appreciate the work of the legislature when they go to the office of their tax collector and pay up the bills that have to be met against their property noia It would well pay the next session of the legislature to abolish about half of the boards that make our state government top-heavy and that add to th! t,v ,f,n th first installment is due. In this way, a great deal ot th money that has to be raised this year would be saved to the people and the t n,,Irl materially reduced. Surely some way ought to be devised u islrK th t of the state could be cut and the people could be given the f th, mnnev that the leuislature spends. It is extravagance to spend . ,rA. .n,1 mmmlsslons for which the state has no immediate use Ililinr aw ,x f l 1 I J flip monrv of the people and it should use extreme care that this money is not spent in a wasteful and extravagant The s- TATE LIFE INSURANCE and the elimination of paid agents with all of the expenses that they entail i the plan of J. W. Ferguson, com missioner, after carefully investigating the conditions in Wisconsin where the plan has been tried. The shortest statement of the scheme is contained in his report to (ov- venuir West and, from what the commissioner says, is admirable in every way. Insurance costs are taxed against the policy holders at an excessive ate. The commissions for the agents, the high death rate upon the com panies figure to always land on the safe side, and other details make the cost excessive and, in many cases, prohibitive. Following is the report telling in a few words the entire plan: "After carefully investigating the system of state life insurance in Wis consin, I am satisfied that the plan is not only feasible but practical and will recommended to you in my annual report that a similar law be enacted in Oregon. "The purpose and intent of the State Life Fund, as explained by Com missioner Ekern of Wisconsin, is to give the people of the State the benefit of the best old line insurance on a mutual plan at the lowest possible cost To benefit the policyholders is the sole consideration. "Of the total expense of old line companies, more than one-half goes to . T , l,f- ' I I. II I agents in commissions, under tne Wisconsin pian poncynoiuers are savcu this expense. Applications are received by clerks and treasurers of counties, of cities, or towns, by officials of banks which receive state deposits, and no paid agents are employed. "There will also be gains from excess interest carnmtrs and mortality . .i . t . i.n i i savings. 1 he premium rates require mat j per cenr inicrcsi snau oe cameo. The funds should earn at least 5 per cent, leaving a margin of 2 per cent as a source of dividends to policyholders. "A greater item of saving for the dividends of policyholders comes from the facts that the actual numler of deaths run about 40 per cent below the numbers calculated in the table. "The State Life Fund of Wisconsin issued its first policy October 27th this year and some of the most prominent men in that State are policyholders Something like four hundred policies have been issued. At present seven dif ferent kinds of policies are offered: Ordinary Life, Twenty Payment Life, Twenty Year Endowment, Ten Year Endowment at age sixty-five, Ten Year Term, and Ten Year Term to age sixty-five. This affords a wide range of choice and allows the applicant to obtain the form best suited to his age, circmstances and financial resources. "The form which has been most popular so far it the Twenty Payment Life. Under this form twenty annual payments' are made and the insurance is then fully paid for life. This enables a man to pay for his insurance dur ing his productive years and have protection for the remainder of his life. "Premiums may be paid monthly if desired and monthly premium rates have been worked out in order to make it convenient for people earning small wages to take advantage of the new plan. "Many of the manufacturers of the State are putting the plan before their employees by enclosing the State's circulars in pay envelopes, by posting placards in thtir shops and even by advancing employees money to make the first year'i payment. "I am of the opinion that there is a broad field for State life insurance in this State and that the State of Oregon should deal with this as an econom ir problem and offer to its citizens sound insurance at the actual cost of pay ing the benefits as Wisconsin is doing today." on ml an h lo rarrfullv ' and oiaiuliiKil lulu lirfr , b, , Thn Iwlura iIvimi l.y prof. i.m,. 1 III O. A. ( on Hi 'Touur, ,,," from Ihs Karuiprs Hiandimiiit." Z miiH'i wiiii iiim-iirni liiriirm.n. sud farmers or any I n l. -r. ,!,,, a trust In not atii-ruiing rurtlHT KTtlifPS tr to t,n .i... .. our arsiiav hall mi tli ual Hutum,, of rnrli month. Thcuo lr(iur ..... be kIvimi at 1 oYIwr p. ,, Vli ,r Iw ttirrrs will Im. siH-urnl ( ,r I'nlvrrsliy of (rmni sml ih. til nil rulkKft. The Iwturps are frr sud .i..i.i. Is InvlloU and w lni.. to rumUh th. pulillo with soiiinlhlnx u,. , strurtlve. You will inlna it ir don l atH'iid. ' K. II At'KKTT. Hm-rtiury, IUV. MR. SPIISS AGAIN (1I.AHHTONK. Ore., lo-nu Itor of the KiiK-rprlni'l-lir. H.huii,. ss lie ' will not rhw the mi ink sumll rullhi'f prrn.-InT," r Wl, siirrlclftiit rllliir to form th ,im!. Ion from lr. Hrhuliix thni h bn. mil hi n K st all nlinut dm tnaiti-r bin. si'lf. It was of stiff li'lt'iit rl!wr il. so, lo cause hltu "to ri'tmst tirrctyll. tslnly" from the fli.J dliNni iuj sliHiiiloiilna all hi irivloua produc tions, hitting- Ix'lilml thn auMKlitluiL foul liiuliiK the rolrvnl until h trv,. rd the orrire or nr. Nurris, and hldlm iH'liind him: yi'H's ' now on md m will hava Or. Norrts ti-nd to nt Ills a'liiiilnii dliimirii-s him t I witness In any rourt. IihIkk or ro mlttro. No court would allow bin to (Iv hinrnajr li-stlmoiiy slims lo t irt ni'iili to any Jury Now, will the osK-iHtlon arcpiu his gift? will kt be able to show any iuintilit of tin ao-latloii that llo-y n qunti'd bin to pulillsh what ho did' Wilt ih com-mlttt-e (Drs. Mount sud KtrlrkUodl who both trstlfii-d In the Norrli cm say ovrr lh"lr slKimture tint he u rriiti-std to pulilliih b did' I'nlrs he ran show ltlir of tlx above si are furn'd to the cotitlihk that It Is faUn like I lie ml ot hit statcmiMil. If lr Nurris h lull mates, wtuhrs to hi-i'oinn tli chief "InliKue lunhor" I will wnlt hli rrqurjt and come to his orrii s If h di-tlni II. To thtme who wUli lo know what the rharxxa were, li th llroi at which timdi'. I will give copy of th rhariirs and two li-ttrrs from Or. While. I sbmllted the followlnc allrcitlotir ' Thai Dr. J. V. Nurris .sctlm u the secretary of the Imnrd of bfaJia nf ("Inrkamas i-mmty, Orcsim, hil willfully m'Kelirtvd and Muii-d to ob serve and enforce llio sutuci of the Mt of Ort-a-iin. Matins' " ! P"1 lie health or to enforce or pbtens l rub-s nnd rcRtilntloni of the Urt'tua Sir. to llosrd of I l.-nlth " I sIm tttidc uerlflcatlons to suiMKirt tin cttVF. As to tha time, here Is s IHlur diud January Z ln I have asked Dr. Nurris lo Inroill- gate at once, and If he dt'S not miki srrnnaetni'nls, you esn advise me to that I can Inveallaste th miner is person. Yours .ry iruir. CAI.VIN H. WHITE. Hlnte lliallh Ulllcir. tir While did Investigate In P" and early In March Dr. White siid l'f. I'lerce conducted a public inv Hon In the court house In OrH' t'y. .... Un March ll, 191J. nr. niieiv- ss follows: We have now transcribed M w ... . i. i. .... ilia mony and win nrina - -- bonrd on the 27th. (SIK'",,. CAI.VIN 8. Willie As to Dr. Hchulue stiKK''ili l"1 itard to the functions a biiui". he iiealected to give his scrlptUM wuore the minister Is forbidden to 1st In political b011"" e,llulD- ' , liquor Interests IH"d to in argument and mlKht V 0,RW Job next year. Aa to tha doctor's scripture or my prayerful consideration. I ln .' : That I never nave -j hlrn being accused or a -snre m- -the sheep" or an "example to flock." In the next place, an sjU Ion of any scripture imisi -ft" ble to the persons spoaen io. . I eertalnly have been very v'" with him when I knew tnai ne absolutely nothing about matters wns writing about. rt I break this news io . IK'""- . . ... k- ef fOOd It la not always nom - - ,,rrn, all" that are wnuu. -- the Borrona i report to HIM B llllinir, - ,. . . .... im n VOU It Mount, asm; " " men speak well of you;" .u re you when you are p. - w, lllessed are ye hen ... v,.,. h.n vnu are nersccutea. "lllessed are ye cn i J reproach you. and persecute you. say .11 mannerof evil sga n-t rM falsely, for my sake. . t e . I !3rd mall Stir- I trying io Keep uv --- snare." Paul also stirred natai'' niiit in r.nnfBus. 19th chapter of "Acts, v" verse: "Tnere arose - p, certain man named " m""'":Le, of versmlth. who made silver hr Diana, brought no lime " & the craftsmen." be gathered IV" gether. When they were , t old r teac.hlnd endangered Ihci "They cried out saylnK- .,,,:(jty Diana of the Epheslynt Jnd 4 was filled wllh confusion. , "small caliber preacher ""aV the (graft) Dr. 8''M together and for the i apae a o r he cried out "not kn""1" ,d fortr M end then retreated beriino fictions still cryln '. ES9. liillCIiESTERStrlUS BRA"0 Oolb sstiU pose.. "1,d"! iT V . . . . mm..' - ..jr 9wmmmU . . (or l'"'' : l0lTBfattWjS .SS!, EVEBVWHEBE manner. o