OREGON CITY ENTERPRISE, FRIDAY, MAY 15, 1908.
WOMEN'S. COLUMN
EDITED BY OREGON CITY WOMEN'S CLUB.
PROGRESS.
The following paper on Progress
was read at a recent meeting of the
Women'a Club, by Mra. T. E. Beard:
(Continued from last week.)
The means of heating and cooking
in the homes of 1800 were very primi
tive compared with 1900. Their only
stoves were great ugly clumsy, box
heaters, made of heavy plates of cast
Iron fitted together and arranged on
the same principle as our air-tight
stoves. They were bo very expensive
that only the wealthy could have them.
The cook stove came before I did
And matches how long the world
made fires with the tinder box or
flint! Matches came In the last cen
tury, too, to lessen the labor and in'
convenience of the civilized world.
Compare our modern city cook, turn
ing on the gas, lighting with match,
and her cooking has begun. (She
knows to a minute how long it will
take) with the dame of 100 years ago
who finds her fire low in the grate
and must carefully blow and nurse
her fire into flame, then cook in those
heavy iron pots or Dutch ovens,
stooping over the fire. Think of it, if
it happens to be a July day.
To travel a 100 miles a century ago
was an undertaking indeed. We travel
with such ease that it does not seem
possible our mode Is so new. At the
opening of the 19th century a vehicle
with springs was unknown. Think of
jolting over rough roads in a clumsy
wagon with iron or wood cross bed
instead of springs. My Lord and Lady
were carried about town in the sedan
chair. Land journeys were made in
those clumsy coaches without spring
roads were rough and poorly drain
ed and in the south and west of the
U. S. were almost if not quite impas
sible in the wet season. Poor people
walked and those who had them rode
horses, the man on the saddle and
woman on pillion behind with her
arms around his waist to keep from
falling. Freighting was done in wa
gons, canal boats and pack horses. In
1840 Eliot patented a plan for iiang
ing vehicles on eliptical springs. The
buggy is an American invention of
about this time. It gained much ad
miration from the English coach mak
ers, who were surprised at the ex
treme lightness and durability and
ease with which it could travel ovee
rough roads. That was about half a
century ago, and now we hav beautL
ful, comfortable, light weight and
strong carriages, carts and wagons of
all kinds and made for all sorts of
uses. One may ride in a closed car
riage both lighted heated while 50
years ago, and all time before it, so
far as we know, people rode both cold
and dark.
Although men had been somewhat
conversant with steam and a few en
gines had been constructed vhe first
locomotive engine was not made un
til 1814 less than a hundred years
ago. The first steam road in the world
was formally opened in England in
1825. It extended from Stockton to
Darlington, 38 miles. There was great
curiosity and excitement. George
Stephenson, himself, (the inventor!
and builder of the engine) drove the
engine, and the train consisted of 6
loaded wagons, 1 passenger carriage,
21 trucks with seats and 6 wagon fill
ed with coaL
"The signal being given," says a
writer of the times, "the engine start
ed off with this immense train of car
riages and such was Its velocity that
in some parts its speed was freauent
ly 12 miles an hour, and the number
of passengers was counted to be 450.
which together with the coals, mer-
cnanmse and carriages would amount
to near 90 tons." The passenger
coaches with their great rough seats
were a great contrast to the passeng-
er coaches today, which seat 90 to
100 people comfortably. But the Deo-
pie crowded the so called "wagons"
with feeling of mingled curiosity, de
light, surprise and fear, and there
were 600 persons on the train when
it returned. In 1829 the Stephensons
invented the steam blast which con
tinually feeding the coal with a fresh
supply of oxegen enabled the "Rocket"
their prize engine, to make steam
enough to draw the passenger coach
es at the rate of 10 miles an hour. But
the land owners and canal companies
bitterly opposed the laying out of new
roads. The surveyor and his asso
ciates were attacked with guns, pitch
forks and sticks. In 1830 the Liver
pool and Manchester railroad was
opened. The surveyor said: "I was
threatened to be ducked in the pond
if I proceeded, and of course, we had
a great deal of the survey to take by
stealth at a time when the people
were at dinner. We could not get it
done at night and guns were discharg.
ed over the ground to prevent us. i
Writers of the day denounced the rail
road in magazines and papers. Pamph
lets were written against it and it was
even opposed in Parliament. There
was a line proposed to Woolwich,
which was to go at twice the speed of
stage coaches. Here is an extract
from what a quarterly review of the
times said:
"The gross exaggeration of the pow
ers of the locomotive steam engine
may delude for a time, but must end
in the mortification of those concerned.
We would as soon expect the people of
Woolwich to suffer themselves to be
fired off from one of Congreves' rock
ets as to trust themselves to such a
machine going at such a rate."
It was declared that poisoned air
from a locomotive would kill birds
and render the preservation of foxes
impossible that hens would stop lay
ing and cows would stop grazing. They
were told that if the use of locomo
tives became common there would be
no more use for horses and the spe
cies would become extinct So there
would be ho more sale for hay and
oats. But Geo. . Stephenson was
strong enough to withstand all attacks.
It was while he wag undergoing an
examination from a Parliamentarian
committee, that the familiar anectdote
about the relative strength of the lo
comotive and the cow originated. "But
reef ami shoals. Steamers In full
speed take continued soundings to a
depth of 100 fathoms and tho steam
siren shrieks automatically In fog. Tho
safety of passengers lins always been
tho first consideration and Btntlstlqe
prove that ocean travel is now no more
dangerous than railroad Journeys. We
have a really wonderful life saving
service statlonod along shore and
dangerous places. They can shoot a
life line a long distance and throw
suppose now, Mr. Stephenson, one of powerful lights far out to sea, and can
the engines going along the road at
the rate of 6 or 10 miles an hour
should encounter a cow. Would that
be bad think you?" 'Yes," replied
the Scotch engineer, "Vera bad. for
tho coo." But soon many other lines
were built and people became accus
tomed to railroad traveling. Very
odd were the clumsy cars of those
times. Most were opened at the side
and protected only by a rude awning.
Some contained benches, but in others
It was necessary to sit on the floor.
The first-class and mall trains were
closed in
But the most comfortable way to
travel was in one's own family car
riage hoisted on a truck and attached
to the rear of the train. This became
the faslonable way to travel. The
Baltimore & Ohio R. R., was our first
successful line and was opened in
1S39. Our first locomotives were lm
communicate with any vessel carry-
Ing a wireless telegraphy outfit. Each
boat Is allowed to carry only tho num
ber of passengers which can be done
with safety and they must all bo pro
vided with life preservers and life
boats enough to caro for them In case
of wreck. The crew must be trained
in use of boats, etc. The llfo bouts are
ho built that they can't sink or tip
over. It Is a long way from tho oir
mont, built In 1S07, to onu bf the float
Ing hotels that crosses the ocean tu
5 days or less, carrying everything
possible for tho comfort of tho pas
aengerB. One can travel steerage
now with more comfort and bettor
food than flrst-cluss pussengers got
CO years ago.
SEMI-ANNUAL STATEMENT of the "County Treasurer of "Clackamas conn"
ty, Oregon, for the six months ending on the 31st day of March, A. 1.
1908, of money received and paid out, from whom received and from what
source and on what account paid out.
AMOUNTS RECEIVED.
Special School Fund October 1. 1907, to April 1. 1908. '
To amount on hand from last report 2,319.40
To amounts recolved from 1906 Taxes 1,219.45
To amounts received from 1905 Taxes 19.27
To amounts received from 1904 Taxes .12
To amounts received from 1903 Taxes .15
To amounts received from Back Taxes 48.16
To amounts received from 1907 Taxes 30,496.11
Total 134.102.66
Special City Fund October 1. 1907, to April 1, 1908.
To amount on hand from last report 278.07
To amounts received from 1906 Taxes 700.71
r- t ... . i- To amounts received from 1905 Taxes .93
puricu nuui r-UBiuuu, uuv ouuu launcc T..
genius began to invent changes to
suit local conditions, and they became
quite different from the English en
gine and were made at home. The
first railroad had to be straight as
neither engine or cars could turn a
curve and must be as nearly level as
could be made for the engine could not
pull a loaded train up grade. The
roads in England were made as near
ly straight and level as need be, but
America had different conditions to
face, and the Yankee soon had en
glnes that could both llmb a steep
grade and round a sharp curve. Each
year has seen changes and Improve
ments until from the brave little en
gine that did well to run 12 miles an
hour have come those massive ma.
chines, crossing mountain chains,
plowing through heavy snows and pull
ing long express trains at 60 or 70
miles an hour. Now Instead of sit
ting In a cold, dimly lighted coach
Innocent of spring one travels In
cars with a complicated system of
springs and fitted with air brakes, that
glide smoothly along the track. One
sits in a comfortable spring seat up
holstered and high enough to rest the
back and head. The coach is well
lighted, heated and ventilated and pro
vided with toilet room where are clean
towels, water both for drinking and
washing, mirror and soap. Or one
sleeps in a be i made up as clean and
comfortable as the average hotel,
These beds and coaches are thorough
ly cleaned at the end of each trip with
compressed air. For further accom
modation of the passengers the train
carries a dining car which is a dining
room and kitchen combined, and meals
are served at regular hours. Some
trains carry an observation car, a par
lor car and a library car where beside
a good assortment of books are writ
ing desks and some even carry type
writing machines and operators. I
wonder if we half appreciate our ad
vantages of travel. The railroad mile
age in 1830 was 60 miles and in 1900
was 182,747 miles.
But the railroad Is not our only
mode of travel the last century brought
us. There were not street cars when
1800 was young. The first street rail
way was built in N. Y. and had its trial
trip in 1831. It was propelled by horse
power. No other street railways were
begun until 1852; then Philadelphia
built one in 1857 and Boston in 1858.
Paris built a street railway. in 1858,
but London did not permit tram cars
until 1870 and even now will not al
low them In the center of the city.
Today every civilized country on the
globe has street cars. At first the
cars were cold and lighted by a dim
lamp. Then stoves were placed in one
end of the car. The horse car could
not be used on very steep grades so
in 1873 the cable car was Introduced
In San Francisco. They were ridi
culed at first, but proved a complete
sucess, and showed another Instance
of the American Inventor rising to the
emergency. Chicago put in a line in
1881 and many other cities followed.
The first electric road was built in
1881 In Germany. The Americans
were prejudiced against them on ac
count of the danger from live wires.
But after experience had taught the
safe ways to use the deadly fluid and
protect live wires, the trolley car has
become one of the institutions of every
large town and city and even con
necting adjacent places.
We also have automobiles, bicycles;
and flying machines, beside our water
travel. Sailing and row boats have
been in use for ages. At present the
steamboat Is the queen of the sea, but
she came in the last century. The
first steam boat made her trial trip
to Albany, N. Y., In 1897. Four years
later one was placed on the Missis
sippi. The Savanah, an American
built boat, was the first steam boat
to cross the Atlantic In 1819. She did
it in 25 days with a fuel of pitch pine.
In 1840 Sam Conard began running
steam boats from Liverpool to Bos
ton. He made his trip in 14 days and
8 hours. 1840 began the use of the
screw propeller and iron ships. Water,
tight compartments had been used in
wooden ships, but were not practi
cable the use of iron made it possible
to make use of these devices by which
a vessel is divided by bulkheads and
thus while two or even three of these
compartments may be open to the sea
the vessel still floats. So perfect are
the vessels now in use that the great
ocean greyhound may be- stopped or
reversed by a child, while a single man
is able to execute the order hard
ahelm on a man-of-war going at full
speed. Before the new hydraulic ma
chinery was invented 60 men were
barely sufficient to stop a fast going
steamer In full career. The hold of
the v&isel is illuminated into the far
thest recesses by electric lights doing
away with all danger of lire from
lamps or candles in the rolling of the
vessel. Science has so balanced the
compass that all danger of variation
by vibration is done away so that the
captain is able to make his reckon
ing correctly and avoid dangerous
Tn nmnnntu rwelvori from Ilnok Taxes 46.67
To amounts received from 1907 Taxes 10.39S97
Total $11,425.35
General Fund October 1, 1907. to April 1. 1908.
To amount on hand from last report 19,064.46
To amounts received from 1906 Taxes ,. 5,427.00
To amounts received from 1905 Taxes 45,70
To amounts received from 1904 Taxes 26.64
To amounts received from 1903 Taxes 169.39
To amounts received from Back Taxes 113.26
To amounts received from 1907 Taxes 84,604.48
To amounts received from 1902 Taxes 13.19
Amt's ree'd from Compromised Taxes 218.34
To amounts received from sales 90.00
Kec'd from Fine and Liquor License 1,212.50
Amounts received from County Clerk's, Recorder's and Sheriff's
fees ... 4.879.54
, Total 1115,884.50
County School Fund October 1, 1907. to April 1. 1908.
To amount on hand from last report , 17.259.43
To amounts received from 1906 Taxes 2.722.10
To amounts received from 1905 Taxes 26.40
To amounts received from 1904 Taxes 8.84
To amounts received from 1903 Taxes 5.17
To amounts received from Back Taxes 130.59
To amounts received from 1907 Taxes 52,874.91
To amounts received from 1902 Taxes 3.60
Amt's ree'd 10 per cent Forest reserve 435.75
Total $73,466.69
District and Special Road Fund October 1. 1907. to April 1, 1908.
To amount on hand from last report 11,356.46
To amounts received from 1906 Taxe3 2,861.30
To amounts received from 1905 Taxes... 32.97
To amounts received from 1904 Taxes 4.43
To amounts received from 1903 Taxes 4.66
To amounts received from Bark Taxes 167.56
To amounts received from 1907 Taxes 65,519.93
To amounts received from 1902 Taxes 4.90
Amt's ree'd 10 per cent Forest reserve 435.75
Total $80,387.96
State School Fund October 1, 1907, to April 1. 1908.
To amount on band from last report $13,454.90
Total $13,454.90
Institute Fund October 1. 1907. to April 1. 1908.
To amounton hand from last report $ 309.87
Am't ree'd from Certificate Fees 87.50
c
max Jr Al I JT i A
m I 4
Tho Kind You Havo Always Bought, and which ho boon
In umo for over 30 years, lius borne tho nlffiiaturo of
and has) been made under hi per-'Jj-ff-
ional iuporylslon slnco It Infancy.
7-cUcAM, Allow no ono to deceive you in thin.
All Counterfeits, Imitations wd" Just-na-good" lire but
Experiment that trifle with and endanger tho health of
Infant and Children Experience against Experiment.
What Is CASTORIA
CMtorla 1 a harmless Buhstltute for Castor Oil, Pare
goric, Drop and Soothing Syrups. It 1 Pleasant. H
contain neither Opium, Morphine nor other Narcotla
ubstance, IU ago Is It guarantee. It destroy "Worm
and allay Feverbdiness. It cure Dlarrhwn and Wind
Colic. It relieve Teething Troubles, cure Constipation
and Flatulency. It assimilate the Food, regulates the
Stomach and Bowels, giving healthy and natural sleep.
The Children' Panacea The Mother' Friend.
GENUINE CASTORIA ALWAYS
A Bears the Signature of
The Kind You Me Always Bought
In Use For Over 30 Years.
tmi aiar.ua t tmit, ttrv.
.$ 397.37
W. H. NELSON, Blacksmith
Wagon and Carriage Maker Horse Shoeing A Specialty
Opposite Frank Busch phosb oi Oregon City, Oregon
D. C. LATOURETTE President.
F. J. MKYEIt. Cmblor
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK
of OREGON CITY , OREGON
CAPITAL, $50,000.00.
Transact a General Banking Builneii.
Open from 9 A. M. to 3 P. M.
Total
Indigent Soldier Fund October 1. 1907. to April 1. 1908.
To amounton hand from last report $ 25.98
Total '. '. $ 25.98
Library Fund October 1. 1907. to April 1. 1908.
To amount on hand from last report $ 898.09
To amounts received from 1906 Taxes 47.39
To amounts received from 1905 Taxes .53
To amounts received from Back Taxes .28
SEMIANNUAL REPORT
Of tho County Clerk of Clackumn County, Htuto of Oregon, allowing tho
amount and number of claims allowed by tho County Court of said County,
for what allowed, amount of warrants drawn, and amount of warrants out
standing and unpaid, from tho lnt day of October, 1907, to tho 31m day of
March, 1908, both Inrlimlvo.
$ 940.29
Total k
AMOUNTS PAID OUT.
Special School Fund October 1, 1907, to April 1, 1908.
By amounts paid out on Special School Fund $18,328.93
Balance .' 15,773.73
Total I34.102.GG
8peclal City FundOctober 1, 1907. to April 1, 1908.
By amounts paid out on Special City Fund $10,372.78
Balance 1,052.57
Total $11,425.35
General Fund October 1, 1907, to April 1, 1908.
By amounts paid out on General Fund $74,245.58
Balance 41,638.92
On What Account Allowed Amount
of Warrant.
I County Court and Commis
sioners $ 940.80
Circuit Court 1.058.83
JUHtlco Courts 389.25
SherlfT 1,314.58
Clerk 1,643 37
Recorder' 1,418.72
Treasurer 62998
Coroner 294.00
Supt. Schools ' 705.98
Assessor 1,656.27
AssesBmenrS A Collection Taxes 561.80
Tax Rebate 69 71
Current Expense 352.08
Courthouso 916.75
Jail ; 75797
County Poor 2,009.85
Total $115,884.60
County School Fund October 1, 1907, to April 1, 1908.
By amounts paid out on County School Fund $17,396.68
Balance 66,070.01
Total $73,400.69
District Road Fund October 1, 1907, to April 1. 1908.
By amounts paid out on District Road Fund $47,104.26
Balance ,. 33,283.70
Total $80,387.90
State 8chool Fund October 1, 1907, to April 1, 1908.
By amounts paid out on State School Fund $13,218.35
Balance : 236.55
Total $13,454.90
Institute Fund October 1. 1907, to April 1, 1908.
By amounts paid out on Instatute Fund $ 210.00
Balance
187.37
Total '.
Indigent 8oldler Fund October 1, 1907, to April 1, 1908.
By amounts paid out on Indigent Soldier Fund ,
Balance ,
.$ 397.37
25.98
.98
25.98
Total $
Library Fund October 1, 1907, to April 1, 1908.
By amount paid out on Library Fund $ 803.12
Balance 143.17
$ 946.29
Total
State of Oregon, County of Clackamas, bh:
I, J. C. Paddock, do hereby certify that the foregoing Is a true and cor
rect statement of the amounts received, paid out, and remaining on hand, in
the County Treasury of said county for the six months ending on the 31st
day of March, A. D. 1908.
Witness my hand this 31st day of March, A. D. 1908.
J. C. PADDOCK, County Treasurer.
Indigent 8oldler
Insane
Election ,
Printing and Advertising.
Surveyor
Fruit Inspector
Board of Health
Total General Fund..,
Road Warrants
.70.00
50.80
92.75
, . 1.899.90
556.80
69.00
656.01
,.$18,054.26
. 42,491.59
Amount of Outstanding Warrants
Unpaid.
Outstanding unpaid Coun
ty Warrant on tho 31nl
day of March, 1908. .. .$10,784 85
OutHtandlng road war.
rants 73,569.18
Estimated InteroHt on road
warrants 1,500.00
Total $60,645.85 I Total 185.854 03
STATE OF OREGON, County of Clackamas ss:
I, F. W. Orecnman, County Clerk of the County of Clackamas, fitnt nf
Oregon, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true and correct statement
of the number and amount of claims allowed by ho Countv Court
of said County for the six months ending on tho 31st day of March, 1908,
on' what acount the same were allowed, and the amount of warrants drawn
and the amount of warrants outstanding and unpaid as tho same appear np
on the records of my office and In my official custody.
witness my hand and tne Beal or the County Court of said County this
25th day of April, A. D. 1908.
(SEAL.)
F. W.
OREENMAN,
County Clerk.
SEMIANNUAL SUMMARY STATE
MENT Of the Financial Condition of the
County of Clackamas. In the State
of Oregon, on the 31st day of March
A. D. 1908.
Liabilities.
Notice to Creditors.
Notice Is hereby given that the un
dersigned has been appointed by the
Hon. County Court of Clackamas Coun.
ty, Oregon, administratrix of the es
tate of Gottlieb Esslg, deceased. All
persons having claims against the
said estate are herebr notified to ore- i
sent the same to me for payment at inr ,1, Wn on tne
tho office of Gordon E. Hayes. Stev- bounty Treasurer, and out.
ens Building, Main street, Oregon L w ""P8.'"",'" .110.784.85
City, Oregon, with proper vouchers, "'' Warrants outstanding 73,569.18
within six months from the dato of 1 IntP't accru0(1 road war- -
this notice, runis 1,600.00
PAULINE ESSIG, ,
Administratrix of the estate of Gott
lieb Esseg, Deceased,
GORDON E. HAYES, Attorney for
Estate.
Dated April 29th, 1908.
STATE OF OREGON, County of Clackamas, ss:
Following is a report of moneys collected andturnedover to the Treasurer of Clackamas County by the She
riff, for the 6 months ending March 31st, 1908.
1907 tax
1906 tax ,
Back tax ,
Fees i ,
Compromised tax .,
Totals
October
$8,457.69
$8,457.69
November
$1,181.13
45.67
37.70
1,264.50
December
$ 735.01
114.88
11.20
f 861.09
The total amount of money turned a s shown by this report is $258,027.60.
I hereby certify that the above report is correct and true.
January
$2,008.61
123.02
7.70
11.22
$2,150.45
February
$61,810.82
764.46
3.00
207.12
$52,785.40
March
$192,083.58
' 420.89
4.00
$192,608.47
R. B. BEATIE,
Sheriff of Clackamas County, Oregon.
Totftl $85,854.03
Resources.
By funds In hands of Coun
ty Treasurer applicable to
tho payment of County War
Not Indebtedness ! JJjJ'J J
Total
-$85,854.03
YOU 8PEND
Too much time-obtaining information
from uncertain sources, unless yll
are using Polk's Oasetteer of Orem
and Washington, complete Inform.tioS
of every town i the two States and
a classified Business Directory
FOR SALE CHEAP-4 yoke of work
oxen .u young and In goo I iffi?
nqmre at Linn's Mill, ft
Linn 712 Polk St Oregon City