OREGON CITY COURIER, OREGON CITY, OREGON, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1916
LeaYeYourWatch
Repairing With Us
We clean your
watch exactly as it
is done in the best
watch factories. We
take the movement
apart, clean each
wheel, cog and pivot
separately, assemble
and regulate it and
when you get it back
you can depend on
it being in "perfect
running condition."
Our Work Is Guaranteed
To Give Satisfaction
Burmeister & Andrcsen
Oregon City Jewelers
Suspension Bridge Corner
COUNTY AND
CITY LOCALS
Jay Upton, attorney of Prineville,
was in Oregon City yesterday tran
sacting business and visiting rela
tives. Mr. Upton is a nephew of C.
D. Latourette and was a guest of
his uncle while here.
Mr. and Mrs. Louis Farr and son,
Ivan, and Mr." and Mrs. Newton Farr
returned to Oregon City this week
from Grants Pass, where they had
been guests for more than a. week at
the home of Dr. and Mrs. Nehbras.
Miss Iva Benson of Logan spent
several days here with her sister,
Mrs. E. B. Anderson and returned
to her home on Tuesday.
Mr. -and Mrs. J. H. Johnson, for
merly of Oregon City, were in town
the fore part of the week for a few
hours. Their present home is in As
toria. Mrs. Maria Yeomans, who owns
property in the Macksburg district,
was in Oregon City Tuesday to at
tend to business matters. Her home
is in Portland.
Mr. and Mrs. Herman Smith of
Carus were in the county seat on
Tuesday. They were en route to the
state fair at Salem and were accom
panied by Mrs. A. Schoenborn. Mrs.
Smith's sister.
Charles Tobin returned early in the
week from Wilhoit, where he had
spent the past week.
Mr. and Mrs. Floyd T. Bolton and
children of Portland were in Oregon
City Sunday visiting with relatives.
Mr. Bolton is a well-known Portland
automobile man.
Adolph Jacobs returned today from
Wilhoit, where he has spent the past
week.
Sidney Smith, Mulino resident,
transacted business here on Tuesday.
Hildred Robertson and Vernon
Hubbard of Yamhill visited in this
city on Tuesday.
W. A. Beck of Molalla was a
county seat visitor Tuesday.
Bernard Berg of Barlow . passed
through Oregon City early in the
week on his way to Logan, where he
will visit with B. A. Benson find fam
ily for several days.
Mrs. James Denton, who has been
I" ri ii f a il
iiflEPSSTSIl!
!i y W'Bds! M SI
I ,, .,' - t',,TTT"''rMir 1 1
iB m
L II
W. J. Wilson & Co.
Oregon City, Ore.
Jones in this city, has returned to her
home in Portland. Mrs. Denton is
well known in Oregon City, where
she formerly -resided,
er attended the funeral of baby Doro
er attended the funral of baby Doro
thy Lambertson at Vancouver, Wash.,
on Tuesday.
Mrs. P. T. Devereaux of Eugene
left here Monday after enjoying a
pleasant visit with her sister, Mrs.
C. A. Nash. Mrs. Devereaux will
spend several days at Centralia and
Evrett, Wash., and will return here
for another visit with her sister be
fore going back to Eugene.
Mrs. Archie McCord and daugh
ter, Dorothea, of Molalla, were- in
Oregon City late last week to visit
Mr. McCord, who was confined to the
hospital here, suffering from injuries
received last week when he was struck
in the eye by a piece of bark. Mr.
McCord is had sawyer at the Steffani
mill at Molalla.
W. H. Phillips, well-known Sandy
resident, was a business visitor in
Oregon City Saturday.
Mrs. Theo Miller and son, Arthur,
were in the county seat oh Saturday.
Their home is at Carus.
Neal & McClatchie make a special
ty of repairing watches, clocks or
anything pertaining to the jewelry
business. tf
Late Model Ford. Five passenger.
Looks and runs like new. Price $300.
Terms to responsible party. Care of
Courier.
George Roeser of Stayton transact
ed business in. Oregon City on We.i
nesday. Mr. Roeser is a prosperou.
Marion county farmer and owns a
valuable agricultural property in the
famous Waldo hills country.
Miss Milderd Tschirgi of Oregon
City has been pledged to membership
in the Pi Beta Phi sorority at the
University of Oregon, where she took
up studies this fall. Miss Tschirgi
is a graduate of the Oregon City high
school and has made many friends
since entering the state university.
E. S. Larsen, Oregon City grocer,
has returned from Pendleton, where
he attended the convention of the Or
egon Retail Grocers' association and
was re-elected to the vice-presidency
of the organization.
iKent Wilson,- son of Sheriff and
Mrs. W. J. Wilson,left Monday night
for Eugene where he will resume his
studies at the state university and
take up his athletic activities. Kent
was mustered out of service with the
hospital corps, Oregon national guard,
at Camp Withycombe Sunday.
C. I. Stafford has returned to his
home here after .spending a month
in the east. Mr. Stafford spent most
of his vacation in Chautauqua county
and at Niagara Falls, New York, al
though he Visited in the Dakotas,
Minnesota and Wisconsin.
Mrs. E. P .Carter has departed for
Goldendale, Wash., where she will
spend some time as the guest of
friends.
After a very pleasant and extended
visit at Prince Edwards islands, Brit
ish Columbia, Miss Mollie Rose has
returned to her home here and has
resumed her position with the Hunt
ley Drug company.
Mrs. Robert Beatie , and children
have moved from Beaver Creek to
Corvallis, where the children have
been placed in school. One is en
tered at the Oregon Agricultural col
lege. Mr. Beatie remained at Bea
ver Creek to take care of the farm.
Miss Arleta Cannon of Portland
was a guest this week at the home of
her sister, Mrs. James Melton.
Mr. and Mrs. Phillip Steiner and
Mrs. Jacob Steiner were among the
county seat visitors on Friday from
Beaver Creek. .
Lieutenant and Mrs. Fred K. Lans
ing of Modesta, Cal., who have prop
erty interests in northern Clackamas
county, were in Oregon City yester
day transacting business. Mr. Lans
ing is a retired army officer and has
been spending the past month tour
ing the Pacific coast.
Mr. and Mrs. John Yoder of Bend,
Ore., after spending a pleasant vaca
tion in visiting relatives at Hubbard
and at Parkplace are preparing to re
turn to their home.
E. James Jones, editor of the Os
wego Times, was a business visitor in
Oregon City on Monday evening.
JL
ll
You woman t drum from a
ll
rusty tin cup with a clean glass at hand !
Well then, why pay as much, or nearly as
much, for a pump with a metal valve seat
AS FOR A
Myers Pump
PATENTED GLASS VALVE
Metal Valve seats may corrode or rust.
GLASS VALVE SEATS CANNOT.
Metal Valve Seats harden the check leathers quickly.
GLASS VALVE SEATS DO NOT. The patent Myers Glass
Valve seat is well protected and Is as last
ing as any metal seat and far
For the sake
CLEANLINESS
service
BUY a MYERS
tlr
M. V. Thomas of Bull Run was an
Oregon City visitor early in the week.
Mrs. N. Story and daughter, An
na, have returned to their home here
after spending the past month at
Oakland, Cal., where they visited Mrs
Story's daughter, Mrs. John Bosco
vich. Dr. and Mrs. L. G. Ice and chil
dren, accompanied by Mrs. Ray Rob
ertson, motored to St. Helens on Sun
day and spent the day with friends,
R. J. Zivney of Hazelia, who was
one of a hunting party In the moun
tains of southern Oregon, returned to
his home this week with proof of hav
ing bagged two deer and a large.black
bear. Mr. Zivney also killed a 'cub
bear, but did not keep the pelt.
The Courier and the Daily Jour
nal $4.75. - -
Mr. and Mrs. George Reddaway,
Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Smith and Roy
Stafford returned to Oregon City
Tuesday after spending two weeks at
Tillamook county beaches.
Dorian Todd, of Seattle, who has
been at the bedside of his mother,
Mrs. Andrew Todd, has returned to
his home. Arthur Todd, of ' Inde
pendence, has also returned home
after spending several days here.
Miss Ethel Davies left Wednesday
for Salem, where she will visit her
sister, Mrs. J. Snover.
0. A. Mulkey, of Roseburg, spent
Monday and Tuesday on a business
visit in Oregon City.
Obituaries
August Spiers
August Spiers of Willamette died
at the home of his daughter, Mrs.
Addie Britton, at that place on Fri
day night. Mr. Spiers came to the
Uuited States from his birthplace in
Germany when he was one year old
and he has been a resident of Willa
mette for 12 years. He was born
January 3, 1830, being more than 86
years old at the time of his death. He
is survived by three daughters, Mrs.
Britton, Mrs. Carrie Lull and Mrs.
Viola Claus and two sons, Alex and
Alvin Spiers. Funeral services were
held on Sunday afternoon and inter
ment was in the Oswego cemetery.
John Symmes
John Symmes, a resident of Glad
stone for the past six years, and a na
tive of Manitowoc, Wis., died at his
Gladstone home on Friday afternoon
from the effects of heart trouble, with
which he had been troubled for some
weeks. Death was, however, unex
pected and saddened a wide group of
friends in the community. Mr.
Symmes was 64 years old and is sur
vived by Mrs. Symmes, one daughter,
Mrs. Jacob Wills of Oregon City, one
son, Walter Symmes of Gladstone,
four- sisters and two brothers. Fun
eral services were conducted from the
Myers and Brady chapel on Sunday
afternoon and interment was in Moun
tain View.
Do You Read?
Longer evenings give more time for reading.
Many people lose their interest in reading because
of eye strain.
Do you enjoy your reading? If not, consult
SI2
OREGON, CITY
Successor to Wm. A. Schilling
with
the
SEAT ?
superior
of
and
PUMP
Portland - Spokane
Boise
Engines
Water Systems
Implements
Vehicles
W will gladly mall you a copy of our now Pump catalog
upon rcolpt of your namo and address. Ak for cata
log No. J anl atata purpoao for which pump la wantad
Geo.- Blatchford
Molalla, Ore.
KILLED BY BULL
Marquam Farmer Calls for Help and
Animal Attacks Woman
An enraged bull attacked and gored
Ben Larson, Marquam former, on Sun
day morning after breaking chains by
which it was held in the barn. Lar,
son died from the injuries on Sunday
evening.
The bull had been chained in the
barn on the Larson farm and broke
his bonds when Larson went to the
barn to feed him. The bull attacked
the farmer and gored him. When Mr.
Larson called for help Mrs. Larson
and her daughter responded. The
bull turned on them, knocked them to
the ground and inflicted minor injur
ies.
Mr. "Larson was 51 years old and
had been a resident of the Marquam
district for a number of years. He
operated a prosperous farm there.
The widow and six children survive
Mr. Larson's body was taken to Sil
verton for burial.
SUES FOR SLANDER
Needy Residents Engage in Court
Battle for' Second Time
M. H. Harbaugh and his cousin
Samuel P. Hondrick, both residents of
the Needy neighborhood, are parties
to a court action brought here on Mon
day by the former against Hondrick.
Mr. Harbaugh filed a complaint in the
circuit court alleging that Mr. Hon
drick had slandered him by telling
untruthful, stories to certain neigh
bors, and he asks $5000 damages.
Harbaugh was arrested some time
ago upon the complaint of the defend'
ant in the present case, on charges
involving the 14-year-old daughter of
Hondrick. The present action is an
outgrowth of that case.
Faucets Regulated
No longer will the Main street
drinking fountains rant and rave and
shoot a stream of water to the skies
and as suddenly dwindle down to a
mere drizzle from 'which no person
could get water enough to dampen his
throat. It is in this way: The board
of water commissioners has purchased
an automatic pressure regulator which
will be applied to the mains on south
Main street and will regulate the pres
sure in all Main street pipes, includ
ing the drinking fountains. The ap
paratus comes with the manufactur
er's guarantee to keep that water in
the fountains at the same heighth at
all times.
Sue to Estabish Title
L. G. and Katherine Porter filed
suit this week against Will E.
Straight, Sophia Straight and John A.
and Margaret Gratz. The plaintiffs
claim ownership of lots Nos. 3,4 and
6, block 71, Oregon City, and seek to
have the court declare a claim of de
fendants to an interest in the property
void.
OPTOMETRIST
MAIN ST.
THE POULTRY YARD.
Feed laying hens for flavor of
eggs. Clover, bran, -wheat, alfal
fa, oats all these are useful In
forming a rich, delicately fla
vored egg.
Blackhead In turkeys is an In
fectious disease of the liver and
the intestines. No cure for It has
yet been found.
The best way to have eggs keep
fresh during the hot weather is
to have infertile eggs.
The moUing hens do not require
a ration very different from hens
$
S on a range. Sunflower seeds in 8
$ their season are good. S
The best way to get rid of lice
on poultry is to dust each bird $
separately with a good lice kill
ing powder. $
WATCH FOR RED MITES
IN CHICKEN COOPS
All through the hot weather watch
out for the red mite. The beginner in
poultry is apt to be innocent "of the
danger from this blood sucking pest,
writes J. L. Woodbury in the Farm and
Fireside. Sallying forth at night from
hidden recesses, the mites gorge them
selves upon the defenseless chicks. At
daylight tliey return to their hiding
places, leaving no trace to betray their
visit.
The hidden parts of a coop may be
literally alive with mites, and what is
considered n most thorough inspection
may fail to locate them.
The beginner notices that his chicks
come out of the brooder or coops in the
morning listless and weak, and even
though the weather may be warm they
huddle together as if cold and tip over
and die without apparent cause. He
makes nil sorts of changes in feed, ven
tilation, etc., which, of course, are all
ineffectual as long as the chicks are ex
posed nightly to the attacks of the
mites.
The extent to which mltcs can keep
hidden was revealed to me quite by
accident. A flock of my chicks had
been acting as above described. It was
Because they are good winter lay
ers, desirable table fowls, mature
rapidly and have rugged constitu
tions the Rhode Island Red has be
come one of the most popular of
American varieties of poultry, Ab
market birds they stand high. The
cock shown is a single comb Rhode
Island Red.
not lice or mice, I argued, for I had
sprayed the coop frequently, and it ap
peared to bo free from these pests. At
length a rut gnawed Into the coop, and
I changed the brood to other quarters,
where they at once begun to mend.
A few days later I had occasion to-
go to coop. No. 1, and what .was my
surprise to find it swarming with mites
not red now, but almost colorless, as
they were not filled with blood. There
seemed to be millions of them, some so
small as to be almost Invisible to the
naked eye. They had been driven from
their hiding places by failure to secure
their nightly repast
When thus infested with mites coops
had better be made into kindling wood,
but In the case of good brooders thor
ough scalding and treatment with kero
sene and a repetition of the treatment
a few days later will usually destroy
all mltcs.
A tenspoonful of one of the coal tar
dips to a pint of kerosene will add to
the effectiveness of the treatment. One
part crude carbolic acid and three
parts kerosene Is also effective.
Above all, do not put chicks in a
coop that has rcmulncd unoccupied for
a period without careful cleansing. I
once put a cockerel weighing over two
pounds in a small vacated building.
The next morning the bird lay- dead
under the roost, his comb actually
white, so completely had his blood
been sucked by uiltes with which the
building was found to he swarming.
Filth In Coopt and Runwayt.
You cannot expect to have healthy
chickens If you do not keep the poul
try houses clean and the runwnys well
spaded and free from contamination.
The poultry house should bo sprayed
with some disinfectant so tbat tho lice
may be kept down and destroyed. It
is hard to keep a coop entirely free
from lice, especially during the hot
months, but It Is possible if you work
hard enough. It is, however, a hard
matter to rid your house of them once
they get a good foothold.
Charcoal For Poultry.
A supply of finely ground charcoal U
good health insurance for poultry. A
handful of charcoal to each gallon of
mash will prevent many a bad case of
Indigestion, which Is the forerunner of
the various liver troubles that annual
ly carry off many a promising chick.
Would Recover on Note
Hulda Swanson seeks to recover
$200 on a promissory note from J. II.
and M. J. Eisle in a circuit action
started here Thursday when she filed
a complaint. The note is dated May
2, 1910, and in addition to its value,
plaintiff auks for $30 as attorney's
fees.
When renewing your subscription
to the Courier remind us of the big
magazine offer you see advertised
elsewhere In this isue.
DIVORCE BUG BUSY
Cour Docket Holds Many Cases for
Settlement by Judge Campbell
From the appearance of the divorce
court docket, as a result of the addi
tions made to it this week by those
who find married life not the rosy
pathway of dreams that their roman
tic minds had pictured it, Judge
Campbell is to have many peculiar
knots to untie. Oregon City is fast
replacing the famous Reno, Nevada,
as a divorce court center and for evi
dence we present the long list of cases
filed this week.
- J. L. Osborn alleges desertion in a
request for separation from Rose E.
Osborn, filed on Thursday afternoon.
The couple was married at Yreka,
Cal., April 16, 1907 and there is one
minor child, aged 7.
Sarah S. Wallace had a long story
to tell to the court in a complaint filed
late Thursday. Mrs. Wallace seeks
separation from J. T. Wallace, to
whom she was -married at Topeka, 111.,
December. 23, 1869, and in presenting
her case attorneys have offered evi
dence covering 14 legal-cap pages of
typewriting and including 38 allega
tions. The chief charges are cruelty
and non-support. Wallace is well
known as a race horse and stock own
er and has extensive property hold
ings. He has, among other things, a
large farm near Hubbard. Mrs. Wal
lace asks a division of the property,
personal and real, in addition to
$1445.50, alleged due her on a promis
sory note, $2500 permanent alimony,
$500 attorneys' fees and $250 court
costs. There are several children but
all have reached the age of majority.
Mary L. McPherson asks for a di
vorce from Angus McPherson, alleg
ing cruelty, non-support and desertion.
They were married at Seattle, Decem
ber 29, 1909. Mrs. McPherson asks
custody of two children, Florence,
aged 6, and Phyllis, 4.
Xois Matthews filed a complaint
against Charles L. Matthews, to whom
she was married at Grand Rapid1?,
Mich., on September 14, 1904. Mat
thews is a druggist and is father of
10-year-old Eleanore Matthews, of
whom the mother asks custody, in ad
dition to $15 a month alimony and $50
attorneys' fees.
J. Ira Routledge asks a divorce
from Elizabeth S. Routledge, whom he
married at Juneau, Alaska, May 16,
1899. The complaint alleges cruel and '
inhuman treatment. Routledge left
his wife January 4, 1916, he says, be
cause of the treatment of which he
complains in his action.
Cruelty is the charge made against
Attress M. Kirchem in a complaint
filed by Augusta Kirchem on Tuesday.
They were married in this county on
February 10,1901, and there are two
children, of which plaintiff asks cus
tody. She also asks a third share in
the real and personal property of de
fendant, valued at $15,000, $250 attor
neys' fees and $30 a month alimony.
Magdalena Underwood and Willi
am Underwood were married at Un
derwood, Wash., on October 27, 1906.
The charge made against William in
a divorce complaint filed Tuesday is
cruelty. She asks custody of a minor
child.
Lulu McPherson filed suit Tuesday
against George L. McPherson. The
couple was married at Portland, De
cember 9, 1908, and he deserted his
frau a year ago.
Decrees were signed this week sep
arating Daisy and Miles Barrett;
Belle and Anthony F. Bemetz, she
getting custody of child and $15 a
month alimony; Claire W. and F. G.
Buchanan; Georgia and William West
ley and Edith and Benjamin Grigsby.
Court House Notes
The suit brought by the state of
Oregon, through District Attorney
Gilbert L. ' Hedges, against M. L.
Blakeslee, proprietor of the Oregon
City laundry, was dismissed upon mo
tion of plaintiff. The state sued to
recover fees for the inspection of the
laundry plant.
A divorce decree was signed by
Judge Campbell Monday separating
Edith A. Grigsby and Benjamin Grigs
by and awarding custody of a minor
child to the mother.
A petition for letters of adminis
tration in the estate of Ole L. Rost-
void, who died intestate August 18,
1916, was filed Monday by the widow,
Kjerstine Rostvold. The petition
asks that a son, Martin, be appointed
administrator of the estate amount
ing to $19,000. The widow, two sons
and three daughters survive.
Damage Suit Dismissed
The $2500 damage action brought
against Frank Cross by Margaret
Scott some weeks ago, in which she
alleged an attack by Cross, was dis
missed by Circuit Judge J. U. Camp
bell on Friday on motion of plaintiff.
Both parties to the action are resi
dents of West Linn.
E. T. Avison has returned to his
home at Pendleton after spending
several days here with his son-in-law,
Hugh E. Hendry.
Office phones: Main 50, A50; Res. phones, M. 2524, 1715
Home B251, D251
WILLIAMS BROS. TRANSFER & STORAGE
Office 612 Main Street
Safe, Piano, and Furniture Moving a Specialty
Sand, Gravel, Cement, Lime, Plaster, Common
Brick. Face Brick, Fire Brick
Willamette Valley Southern Railway Co.
Arrival and Departure of Trains at Oregon City
Leave Southbound Arrive Northbound
7:50 A.M. - 8:20 A.M.
10:00 A.M. 10:55 A.M.
2:50 P.M. 2:20 P.M.
7:20 P.M. 6:40 P.M.
Daily Freight Service (except Sunday).
The American Express Co. operates over this line.
IF THE G. 0. P. ELEPHANT
COULD SPEAK THE TRUTH
Voters of the U. S. A.
We, the Republican party, being at
our wits' eud and desperate, put it up
to you:
For nearly four years now a Demo
cratic administration has been , In
power. Contrary. to every law of rea
son, every principle of progress, the
country Is at peace and alive nay,
humming with prosperity. Business is
rushing. Wages , are high. The only
discontent Is the discontent of those
who are reaching for bigger chunks of
plenty.
We are flabbergasted. All this bus
happened during a period when the
rest of the world has been agog, when
International crises were impending on
all sides, when we would have sworn
only Republican statesmanship could
pull the nation through.
No war has engulfed us. No panic
has paralyzed us. No nation has with
impunity continued to Infringe upon
our rights. '
We can't deny what has been done.
All we can do is take our oath we
could have done It better. IIow, we do
not know. If only we said it loud and
long enough we hoped the country
would believe us.
But the country Is busy, and our
voices grow hoarse. We are having n
hard time.
Woodrow Wilson has nothing to
show us but what he has accomplished.
He has none of the glamour of the
what-mlght-be. We, on the contrary,
have our old promises uud policies,
mellowed by age, but still bearing the
stamp of the nation's solid interests.
Protection, privilege, government by
influence surely the country has not
given them their last trial.
Wall street is with us. Big business
Is with us. But, oh, voters, we confess
it, we need you. Don't keep looklug at
the peace and prosperity around you
Try to get our point of view. What
ever Wilson lias done, the mun Is a
Democrat, aud neither federul govern
ment nor federal offices were meant to
be forever In such bunds 1
Let's forget lssueb aud tulk as
friends. Turn him out uud give ua a
chancel
: PRAISES WILSON'S STAND
IN BEHALF OF SUFFRAGE
The action of the National
Woman Suffrage association at
Atlantic City. N. .1., In rejecting
by uu overwhelming vote the
proposal to make the suffrage
movement a partisan annex of
the Itupublli mi campaign was
further emphasized b.v Ur. Anna
Inward Klinw, "the mige of suf-
fn
nge," In an Interview published
in
Hip I'h'lmlelnhlu I'ress, a
stanch Uepulillcnii organ.
"The president In his speech to
the convention promised all he
could carry out." sn'd Dr. Shaw.
"If he had promised more we
would have known Mint he could
not carry It out.
"Not the Uepublli una alone,
nor the Democrats alone, can
brlnu suffniiie. If It could be
done that way I would favor It.
But It can't. We must get
enough Democrats uud Repub
licans together to do It."
CANBY BUYS PLANT
M. J. Lee Water System Will Be Im
proved and Enlurged
The Canby council has been divided
for some months on the question of
buying the M. J. Lee water works and
system which have been in use there
for years. Some members favored
purchase of the Lee system and some
favored the construction of an entire
ly new one. The result was that the
matter was given into the hands of
the voters last Saturday and they au
thorized the purchase of the Lee plant.
At a special council meeting held" at
Canby on Monday evening the alder
men authorized advertisements for the
sale of $6500 bond issue which was
voted upon Saturday,
Recently an $18,000 bond issue was
sold and the money was to be applied
upon the construction of a new water
system, independent of the Lee prop
erty. With the purchase, however, of
the Lee system, with which the city
of Canby acquires several miles of
mains and pumps and other equip
ment, the former money will bo used
to improve the Lea properties. The
private plant will be taken over by
the city as soon as the bond issue is
sold.
R. L. Holman, Leading Undertaker,
Fifth and Main St.; Telephones: Pa
cific 415-J;'Home B-18.
j
4
j
is
IS
if
i 5
" s
. e
i 8
i ;
UK
i i
t
i ,
t t , ,
1 M
'1-
v
1 '"ft
I X
i