OREGON CITY COURIER, OREGON CITY, OREGON, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1916. News of the County and Suburbs fji ijt j i 1$ jt Jjt 5? 8 jC Local and County Items of Interest to Our Readers LOGAN Well, Mr. Editor, the alleged beau tiful snow and the state of atmosphere shown by the contraction of the mer cury in the tube has kept ye scribe too busy to repqrt the interchange of visits between the Jones and Smith families, but here's a New Year's resolution to do better in the future, If we break it, we will immediately make another just as good. There has been some cases of sick ness recently. Mrs. L. E. Robbins had an acute, complicated attack, mostly nervous prostration. Dr. Guy Mount was called and the patient soon ral lied and has since been around about as usual. The Doctor was called at the same time to see a child of Bert Foster's, which is reported as better. J. K. Muir, the storekeeper at Ar thur's Prairie, had a sudden attack of illness while at Carver on January 16th. The doctor had him removed to his home and he is now reported as improving. Mrs. L. Sherwood was sick with la grippe for several days and the mal ady has had numerous other victims, especially among the children. None were reported serious. Many pupils have been getting sled rides to and from school, which is nice, but the snow is not good for the school boy who delights in snow balls, for it has been too dry a snow to make good balls. A little water added would serve the purpose, how ever. George Kohl has been taking ad vantage of the snow to haul his sow logs to the mill on a sled. He got part of them thera the first spell, and will probably finish this time. Gee, this weather surely makes work caring for stock, stoves, spuds, apples and several other things too numerous to mention, and it is hard on haymows and wood piles. It keeps the grocer busy supplying coal oil for night and day use in cellars and potato pits. Coyote hunting has been the prin cipal pastime for several people, and the hunting has been good, but the killing only just fair. The coyote mortality table to date shows four passed over, one each credited to, F. P. Wilson, Samuel Gerber, Rob King and Jesse Cromer. A. L. Funk was around examining phones on line 16 last week, trying to find out why they do not ring in to central better. He will find the trouble some of these days and then we will jubilate over the solution of the mystery. E. C. Gerber is hauling the Staf ford cream with his truck now. Mr. Dallas had four horses and a sled on his cream trip on the 27th, and he said the horses were all need ed. Cream haulers and mail carriers are hard hit by the- snow. We extend the right hand of fellow ship to the recent Maple Lane entrant into the correspondent field. It is a better field than that which he former ly labored in, especially because he can do more effective work on the square inch than on the square rod. Our advice is not to give his name to the public and then it will not hurt so bad when he runs against the sharp end of a blue pencil in the editorial hand. Earl Gerber reports his infant son as having a well developed case of the measles. An infant son of Mr. and Mrs McKim, who live on the Waack place died on February first. The family is reported to be in rather destitute cir cumstances and in need of help thru the winter. At present writing it seems that watchful, waiting is about to win out over the snow and cold. There is also Borne prospect for W. W. in Mexico, but a remote one m Europe. W. W is a good policy in most cases. United States be prepared to defend her rights on land and sea." Then will follow the election of officers This is sure to be an interesting meet ing, so everyone come, Little Genevieve Duncan is unable to attend school at this writing on account of a severe cold Mr. Alfred Thomas is a very busy man these days marketing hay and straw, Mrs. S. S. Boutz, who has been ill, is much better at this writing. Miss Imogene Jewell spent the week end with home folks in Port land. Herbert Duncan is on the sick list. A. Helms was a caller at Hazelia school Honday. Fritz Hultberg spent Saturday in Portland. Miss Blanche Duncan, a promi nent Lincoln high school girl, of the younger set, was a caller at the Ha zelia school Friday afternoon. Theodore Steinhiller is sojourning in the Rose City this wintry weather. Mr. and Mrs. H. Duncan transacted business in Portland Saturday. F. Hultberg, of Trennence Farm, had the misfortune, to have a horse die last week. Hazelia Sunday School will give a short temperance program Sunday, February 20th. Everyone is cordially invited to attend. The Sunday school would also be pleased to have a large attendance when it meets every Sun day at 10:30 a. m. We are glad to note Mrs. W. H. Zivney, who got her arm hurt some time ago, is much better at this time. David Long was a caller at Hazelia school Friday. Rodough Anderson and family, re cently of Concordia, Kans., who have spent the autumn and winter at the Hultberg home, will leave soon for Burley, Idaho, where Mr. Anderson expects to start a hardware store. The dailies have had the Kaiser dear, Villa captured, the Montenegrins suing for peace, the submarine dif ficulties settled, and a dozen other in Portland for some time, and who has been in Portland for some time, andw ho was a patient at one of the hospitals for a time, returned to his home Sunday. Mrs.. S. F. Howlett is on the sick list. She was taken suddenly ill pn Saturday morning and Dr. Adix was called and he prescribed some medi cine, which helped her. M. C. Glover has gone to Alaska to be gone for three or four months, Mr. and Mrs. Roy Douglass made a trip to Logan Sunday. Mrs. E. Naylor spent the past three or four days in Sellwood, a guest at the home of Mr. and Mrs Kirchem. Walter Douglass and family visit ed with Mr. and Mrs. Will Douglass Sunday evening. Dave and Ernest Hoffmeister were out hunting the past two days and were fortunate in killing two wildcats big, fat ones. Miss Edna Kennedy attended the Teachers' Institute at Estacada Sat urday, and was the guest of her aunt, of Boring, Saturday evening and Sunday. Jess Douglass made a trip to Port land the first of the week. Mrs. Jess Douglass and son, Kelly, have been sick with sore throats and colds the past week. Mrs. Rose Baker called on Mrs. Hollander Sunday afternoon. John Moore, of Damascus, son-in- law of Mrs. Ida Carpenter, was call ing on her Monday. Pete Clester went to Klondike re cently. Mr. and Mrs. J. P. Woodle, of Es tacada, called on Mrs. Howlett Sun day. POULTRY, and EGGS HEAD POINTS OF FOWLS. LIBERAL Snowing again! Winter is still with us and feed is getting low in lots of barns. Cattle are holding their own, where they have plenty of feed, but it is hard weather on stock hogs and takes lots of feed. Birds are be ing fed again. They are getting quite tame. The dance last Saturday night at Vicks' hall was a good one, with good music and a good crowd. Nearly all came in sleighs, with now and then a Ford. Characteristic! That Distinguish Egg Laying and Meat Qualities. The Belgian peasants, who have a deeper actual knowledge of poultry breeding than have the people of nuy other section of Europe, firmly believe that a red or yellow ear lobe accom panies meat properties, a white ear lobe meuns egg production and a smooth ear lobe betokens smooth shells on the eggs laid by hens of that breed, says Edward Brown In the Country Gentleman. It Is certainly true that the breeds In which fecundity has been developed and maintained to the highest degree, notably the Mediterranean and west ern Europe 'n races, have white ear lobes, whereas those that are specially "SETTLER" IS OUSTED This weather has stopped nearly all thintrs hanneninir that didn't hannen kinds of work at all. We re prone to believe that There will be more potatoes plant some folks are irreat exae-ererators. ed next year than usual. What has become of so many of Tne noP me" are puzzled what to the corn-feds that were in these parts do as everything has gone dry. Many . . n I . J? . : I -II J 'L 1 i last year a mmuy wm uo witnoui worn Harrv Borland is a verv busv man ln tn noP "elds next year, these snowy days. He has a sleigh We ai-e always wanting something with lots of sleigh-bells, vou know.- and et what we have to get. But There will be no church services at now we wan something that will Hazelia until the weather moderates. Dui,d good roads and that is a rock crusher, so that our supervisor can RED LAND crush the Molalla gravel. It is rock that will stand the hard knocks Snow and cold are the topics of con- and ast- Every year is harder on vcrsation lately, and say. it's bad Pur roads as the roads are not built enough for us but not quite as bad as as Kod as can e with the hne gravel in Montana, where the mercurv droD- we nave the material here and plenty ped 70 degrees in two hours, going as 01 men ana teams ready to put it on low as 63 degrees below zero, so we tne roads. We want good roads, but need have no kick coming, tne time to start is right now with Tom Allen was out Sunday from tne proper tools and material. What Portland, calling on his folks. do you say, Brother Farmer? Give Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Powers enter- us 8 rock crusher and the roads will toined a host of their young friends De built money xir no money, last Saturday night. All had a fine Light Brahma fowls are big boned and carry good flesh. They are the moat satisfactory for the produc tion of large roasting chickens, be ing used extensively, both pure bred and cross, to produce the famous "soft roaster" of the Boston mar ket. They possess rugged vitality and are suited to rigorous climates. The hens are fine layers, some spec imens having made phenomenal records. The fowl shown is a Light Brahma male. time. Mr. Ford evidently found out be fore he got to Europe that not all the belligerents are in . the trenches. Nevertheless his action is to be com mended SOUTH HIGHLAND Mrs. Greaves and Mrs. Nicholas were Oregon City visitors Saturday Mrs. Hinkson is very ill, and the If there were more of his doctor was out to see her recently. HAZELIA Hazelia Literary and Debuting So ciety will meet Saturday evening, February 5th. A short program will be given, followed by a short debate on the question, "Resolved, that the Weak Women ! An Oregon Woman Testifies. Lenta, Oregon. -"When I was Roing through the critical time of middle life, I took several bottles of Dr. Tierce's Favorite Prescription and it helped mo wonderfully. I cannot say enough in favor of this medicine Ilnvo also used the 'Golden Medical Discovery1 in my home for many years for ninny different ailments." Mrs. Ella 11akom. Lenta, Oregon. At the first symptoms of any do rangement of the feminine organism a', any period of lifo, the one safe, really helpful remedy is Dr. Pierce's favorite rresoription. Tens of thousands of women have taken it with unfailing success for diseases of a womanly nature. Dr. Pieroe's Favorite Prescription is a true friend to women in times of trial and nt times of pain when the organs are not performing their func tions. For headache,, backache, hot flashes, catarrhal condition, benring down sensation, mental depression, dizziness, fainting spells, lassitude and exhaustion, women should never fail to take this tried and true medicine Prepared from nature's roots and herbs, it contains no alcohol or narcotic-, nor any harmful ingredient. Sold in either tablet or liquid form. If your denier does not keep the sugar coated tablets, send fifty cents ( in stamps) for small box, or $1.00 iu currency for a large box. Write Doctor Pierce, Invalids' Hotel, Buffalo, N. Y., to-day. 130 page book on woman's diseases sent free. stamp this would be a better coun try for all, The boys are cretainly getting coy otes while this snow is on, six hav ing been killed by different parties, August Martin spent a few days in Portland last week. Mr. and Mrs. C. C. Kandle enter tained at dinner Sunday Mr. and Mrs, F. Grossmiller and children, of Schu This stock feedinz weather eives n Dpl. and Mr. and Mrs. O. Caldwell and person an idea what the Eastern stock cnnaren. man has to put up with. J- Powers, of Elwood, was here on Mr. Editor, the article about nlow- business Monday. ing is about in line with the other w- Rutherford is very ill. U. S. reports. It may look good on Mr- McFay and Mr. Cramer, of paper, but it won't work out in prac- Lents were here on business Thurs- tice. uuy- J. T. Fullnm has eight acres of spuds that have not yet been dug, PLENTY OF HOPS LEFT Quite a number are frozen. The frost also got away with most of the apples. Well, Mr. Editor, we might tell Gervais Dealers Find Many Bales Be ing Hold by Growers According to figures compiled by i ""u' " oimiii i-uuinir on irirs. hnn rlnnl., i -..,,; j v... j . , , r , ,T . I w a in ucivaia uuu Ileal uy Jones and to on, but I believe such towns, there are upwards of 20,000 ...... um nut ...le.et many young baies of hops Bti1 beinR held b people any more than do John Stark's Lrowers outside of the Hopgrowers' 1 . . WOV. .,,.., v p n mU , V" erest'"K- The Aurora district, which takes in N. E. I owers and Herbert Fouts auch places as Canby, Barlow, Macks- ., ,, u.u young ioiks burg, Needy, Donald, Butteville, St, wj uregon uiy rriuaynignt and took Pnui and champoeg, has 3825 bales m a show, returning in the wee sma' ,,nM wju,- v. An ai , t - . . " Mitow..., muuuuuiii una -iui, otlieiu, .-...I, i wi .nu.inng. 2470. Independence 2230. Monitor. MS Quite a scramble is on for oats, as M.,nf Av,i k7k cm. i qoo ht ". most w wnat was Minnville GOO and Dallas 1200 iiiniKneu. There is quite a diffornce in expens es or upkeep of the lines of the C, C, M. Tel. Co. This year's storm, com pared to two years ago when the lino was permitted to get in bad shano, which caused an expense of nearly $.'!00, compared to about $25 this yeor. i lie most damage was caused by trees or limbs falling on the wires. It cer tainly pays to keep things up in good shape. Earl and Lloyd Allen ure on the sick list, Ilnttie Guskell had a small owl get in her house and kill two of her chick ens. On the last visit Mr. Owl failed to get away, so there is one owl less. Very little fall grain has been sown and not much plowing done, which means lots of work as soon as the weather settles, It was so cold navigating this last snow storm that the stork dropped a 10-pound boy at Fred Wilcox's place vv eunesday. Congratulations. EAGLE CHEEK Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pelleta are the , original little Liver Pills. These tiny, sugar-coated, anti-bilious granules the smallest and the easiest to take. One little Pellet for laxative three for cathartic Little Mary Cogswell, who hns been ill with the scarlet fever, is re covering. Tommy McKay, who had his leg broken while coasting some two or three weks ago, is getting along nice ly. James Gibson went to Barton last Thursday to reside during the re mainder of the winter with his son, Hal Gibson, Emil L. Hollander, who has been Cetury EVWll square u:xfi WMmM Dialing NjmMWS Am 4 164 Pages r. .S. s fflUR 1916 Catalog and Planter's - Guide is a valuable reference every grower should have. It lists depend able Farm, iiarden and Flower seed and the beat equipment for Foultrvmen, Beekeepers and Orcbardltts. Ask For Catalog No, 670 designated for their flesh properties, even though the meat is pure white, as in the Dorking, the Game, the Bresse and La Flee he, the Mallnes and the Buff and the White Orpingtons, have red ear lobes. Yellow seems to take the place of red ln the American varieties It Is upon these Hues that the Bel gians and the French have made se lection, simply because they have found that development in one direc tion is accompanied by variations such as are here Indicated. I am not aware of any previous records iu which fig ures are given as to actual productive ness In relation to variations in the tint or color of the ear lobes. It Is not the size of the ear lobe, but the color. A further point is w ith respect to the comb, but this is understood to a great er extent. Recognition is given to the fact that all the best laying races have combs thut ure large In relation to the size of body. The Belgians operate on the principle that pullets of the races or families in which the cockerels show their sex by growth of comb at an early nge are always those that beglu to lny soonest, and vice versa, In that there Is a direct correlation between the comb and wattles and the repro ductive organs, and that redness of the former Is not arrived at until the latter are active. They also believe the crow Is a sure Indication, which opens an other question. , The texture of the comb and wattles Is Indicative of the grain in flesh or muscle upon the body. Fine grained comb and wattles are found where the flesh Is similar. When these two bead ornaments are coarse or rough the flesh upon the body is the same. Up to the present time little atten tion has been paid to the practical val ue of external characteristics, study of which opens a wide field for Inves tigation. In the drafting of standards for breeds many mistakes have been made, not a few of which are a result of absence of positive knowledge. For what are known as utility breeds It would be of the greatest Importance if such we e available. How far in creased whiteness Iu ear lobes and paleness In beaks and legs are due to and betoken loss of virility or are dup to other causes has yet to be deter mined. Population of County Seat Reduced by One Since Police Got Busy Oregon City has lost one of its in habitants. He has gone to Portland for an indefintye sojourn, and he may go to Salem after, he gets through with Portland. His name, as he gave it to Sheriff W. J. Wilson, is Edward B. Wuench; but if he goes to Salem his "moniker" may be changed to No. 87(5,590 or something like that. Mr. Wuench formerly had estab in the southern end of the city. There lished himself on a claim beneath the loading platform of the Hawley mills, he had fitted himself up snugly, and probably he would have remained as a squatter on the Hawley property if it had not been for the keen eyes of Patrolman George Woodward. Sunday morning when the south bound California train pulled in at 2.14 Mr. Woodward saw a dim shape on top of one of the cars. The shape presently slipped down to the ground, and Patrolman Woodward investigat ed. Upon being apprehended the shape turned out to be Mr. Wuench, accompanied by 150 feet of copper wire, rolled neatly in a coil and cover ed with burlap. Copper wire like this is worth five cents a pound as junk. Mr. Wuench was lodged in jail. Sunday afternoon Agent Lew Wag ner, of the P. R. L. & P. company, visited the county seat, looked over Mr. Wuench and the wire, and with the sheriff, the constable and most of the local police force, went down to the Hawley property and looked over Mr. Wuench's homestead. Pol- lowing the "once over," Mr. Wagner and Mr. Wuench and the copper wire left for Portland, where the proper authorities will in due time be inform ed that Mr. Wuench stole the copper wire from the jitney-hating corpor ation and justice will take "its course. Oregon City, however, loses Mr. Wuench as a citizen. r When You Want aomeimng ii i Particulary Nice r . l..,.r. Arvnrl linon K C not to I OU Call Oivrojra -2r . , . I t. . Tnp rtaub e raise makes batter is a Utile thin, K C wiU raise .t light and feathery and it will be all the better. Jarring the stove or turning the pan around makes no differ-ence-K C sustains the raise until baked. When there's a birthday or weaaing cue 1 . L -nnnIlin 111 lid iv esnmenis tor icvi-rv" ,ke no chances UseKC 77k to bake, or refr K. to Drovide, ta J & Jt J . J J J J J J - J . LOCAL RIVER TRAFFIC PROBLEMS j J Electric railway building in & v Willamette Valley. Construe- - "FORESTS," NOT "RESERVES" Beef Scrap For Poultry. In the feeding of beef scrap it is of prime importance that the quality be taken Into consideration. Poor beef scrap has a tendency to cause indiges tion ond all kinds of diarrhoea. Of all the various forms of aulinul food beef scrap is perhaps the most con ivenient to store, keep and handle Good beef scrap Is free from such pre servatives as pepper, suit and saltpe ter. It should, of course, be free from tunkage. The chief reason for feed Ing beef scrap Is for its animal pro tein constituents. For this reason It is advisable to get and feed a crnile that Is rich in this constituent BuPe tin Texas Agricultural College. Correct Legal Term for Federal Land Has Been Changed since 1907 It does not seem to be generally known that the term "Forest Reserv es" is no longer legal or official. This name was changed, by Act of Con gress March 4, 1907, to "National For ests," to indicate that these resourc es were not locked up as "reserves" for the distant future, but were to be administered for the greatest good of the greatest number now. The first allotment of national for est money made to Oregon and Wash ington in 1906, after the passage of the Act which gave the states a share of the national forest revenue, was $7,565 for Oregon and $1,823 for Washington. In 1915, Oregon's share of this revenue was $49,675, and Washington's was $37,445. The con stantly increasing demand for nation al forest timber assures a much high er rate of increase in the next few years, and ultimately the states will recive a large revenue from this source. Of the approximately 490,000 acres of school land within the national for ests of, Washington, 233,000 acres have thus far beenc ruised as a preliminary step in the exchange of these lands for a solid block of national forest land of equal area and equal value, Upon the completion of the cruise of the school lands it will then be neces sary to cruise an equal area of land to give to the State in exchange for the school lands. The cruising work is being done under a co-operative agree ment between the federal government and the State of Washington. GRANGE AND UNION JOIN Poultry Comfort. Poultry comfort and health require fresh air. sunlight, dryness and room Air and sun are great germicides aud disinfectants Such a building con truetcd on these Hues requires les time for cleaning than one that has not these thlu.ys. As for room, overcrowd Ing Is sure to end In trouble Have euouKh space for each bird. Farmers' Organizations to Unite in Carrying on Needed Work Representatives of the Oregon State Grange and Farmers' Union have reached an agreement to federate on the following points: To establish a scientific system of marketing. To support and work for a system of rural credits. To seek an amendment of the Ore gon Land Registration Act that will make it effective. To adopt and put into effect any program that offers to be an im provement in the general agricultural welfare of Oregon. The federated activities of these or ganizations will be directed by a fed erated body representing both asso ciations to be known as the Oregon Farmers League. This new organization was effected at the O. A. C. Farmers' Week conferences. By the terms of the agreement neither organization will be inter fered with in its particular field, each of the federated associations perform ing its own work as in the past. The general machinery for governing the Farmers League involves holding an annual congress preferably at the College Farmers' Week and the organ ization of the league council in each county composed of one delegate from each local grange or each local Farmers Union. POLICE FOR CHICKENS Dye Shortage Solved "A South Carolina farmer is grow ing colored cotton," says Farm and Fireside. "He has grown, by careful seed-breeding, white, cream, tan, yel- ow, green, light brown, yellow-green, olive-green, and bronze cotton and. believes it possible to obtain black! His name is A. E. Brabham." . Convinced "That last job of dance postals that I ordered was the best and most attractively arranged I ever re ceived from 4ny job office," says one customer of the Courier Job Department Dogs Easily Trained to Stop Barn yard Rivalries and Wars In Farm and Fireside there is an amusing account of dogs who are trained to act as chicken policemen, stopping all dissension between belli gerent 'cockerels. "I have found it easy to teach a dog to stop fights among chickens and other stock," a writer informs us. "A half-trained puppy is quick to note any unusual disturbance, and his cur iosity leads him to investigate. Just encourage his curiosity and tell him to 'Play policeman. He will soon learn that he is to run between the com batants. "Last winter we had thirty cocker els running together in the cattle yards. Our two dogs were with the stock all the time, and so persistent were they in stopping fights that for several months I saw only one bird with a bloody head." v tion of highways favoring rail- J roads. Development of motor t truck freight service. Pre- v dominance of small shipments J J of goods and commodities. De- J ! mand for quick freight service. J Shallow water and swift cur- rent in Willamette. J jt tt fctf tS t& t$ $ v. $ $ tf' t. (By A. H. Harris.) The electric railroad and them otor truck threaten transportation on the Willamette river. In ?act the fight for business to support the new me thods of carrying freight is so keen that "all of the most profitable classes of goods and produce have been di verted from the river already. Boats are offered heavy and slow shipments which carry the very lowest classifi cations in rates. And that's a handi cap, these days of dull business. Methods in merchandising have changed so radically in recent years that fast freight service is demanded, is essential, in fact, to successful trad ing in the Willamette valley. The merchant at Salem or Corvallis wants to order goods in Portland during the afternoon and have the shipments de livered at his place of business the next morning. He not only wants this service, but he demands it and will be satisfied with nothing less, un less he can save quite a bit of money by waiting. This demand, which has grown up in recent years, has developed a sys tem of handling freight trains dur ing the night all the way up the val ley. Orders delivered to the railroads in Portland during the afternoon are carried to their destination, as far south as Eugene, before daylight the following morning. And, that is pret ty good service, too, business men admit. Competition That Kills Competition of this sort nearly kills off water transportation south of Portland, - especially when it is con sidered that the average Oregon mer chant orders in small lots, the car load being entirely unusual. The av erage shipment is measured in hun dredweight; the larger concerns make up shipments consisting of tens. The merchant no longer desires to carry large stocks of goods, when he can reach the supply depot in Portland in less than 24 hours. For 28 years the Oregon City Trans portation company has operated boats on the Willamette river between Port- service can be maintained with any thing like regularity and dispatch. Highways Divert Traffic Another factor which must not be overlooked here is public highways. Throughout the Willamette valley the leading highways extend north and south, with laterals always leading to and from railroad stations. Road building has been carried on for the purpose of giving direct and easy connection with railroad shipping centers. No effort has been made to use the boat landings as centers from which to construct highways to farm ing districts if even the thought came to the men who were planning trans portation systems for coming genera tions. In the towns where boat and rail traffic are in competition the boat landings are always below cho grade of the streets, sometimes with steep inclines from the dock to the street level. Draymen prefer to deliver freight from the railroad because the warehouse is always at grade or near enough to be of no consequence, and the hauling is easier on slock or on motor trucks. This item seems in significant in itself, but in these days when tra-nsfer charges are high it is much easier for the merchant to ap preciate the added expense than it is to give consideration to the small saving in freight charge where the river is used. Problems at Harvest Time Boat service on the Willamette is put to the test in the autumn, about the time hop picking begins. For several weeks the traffic, both passen ger and freight, is so heavy that the boats can hardly handle it, and then comes the slump. Thousands of hop pickers take the river route to In dependence and other hop centers, and following harvest the movement of hops and grain and hay begins. The busy season demands more craft than can be maintained during any other part of the year, nd gives the man agement of boat lines the same prob lem that electric companies have in caring for the peak load which comes every night. And the hauling of cargo is made more difficult because no large ware houses are provided to care for freight and produce until the boats can move tonnage in the ordinary course of bus iness. Freight has to be delivered nearly as soon as it is offered, caus ing a rush, perhaps, for a few days, followed by a lull when operating ex penses cannot be covered, but the service must be maintained. Motor Truck Now Competing The motor truck has become a com- land and Corvallis. The company has Ptor with both river and rail freight 1 - I pa..iai.B hohlraan Dni-4lni.,l n .1 n not been reorganized during all the years of its activity on the river, and most of the time two boats have been operated. Three boats have been in the service for some time, although one is not on a regular schedul.e Part of the year service. to Corvallis has been abandoned on account of low water in the river. Difficulties in Navigation The Willamette offers difficulties in steamboating, aside from the compe tition killing as it is iil the carrying of freight. The current of the river is strong in places, particularly at the Clackamas rapids, and the depth ex cept when the river shows more than low water, allows only boats of light draft to navigate the stream. Fac ing the current with flat bottom bats requires power and consequent ex pense of operation. Another difficulty encountered by boats is obtaining cargo for down stream shipment. The heavy busi ness offered is for upstream move ment, and frequently the downstream trip is made light with practically no cargo. This condition tends to make the business unprofitable and serious ly reduces the revenue of a boat dur ing the year. It requires approxi mately 20 men to operate a steamboat on the Willamette river. Rates Must Cover Cost Experience on the Willamette has taught that the rate charged by the railroads for up-valley service is about as low as boats can carry the same classes of goods for and not go into bankruptcy. Goods are now car ried to Oregon City from Portland for $1 per ton, which charge includes handling at both ends of the run. The boat rates Portland to Independence, Albany or Corvallis is 25 cents per hundredweight on first class freight. By rail the rate is 28 cents, thus show ing a saving of 60 cents per ton in favor of water transportation. To Salem the rates are 4 cents lower, the saving being the same, 60 cents per ton. Commodity rates range as low as 7 cents per hundred weight by boat, or $1.40 per ton, Portland to Cor vallis. The rates offered the saving made possible by the water service do not induce merchants to ship by way of the river any ordinary bills of goods when quicker service is offered by rail and the charges are only nominally higher. Yet, experience has shown that with the traffic available on the river rates by boat are as low as the carriers between Portland and Oregon City. Two concerns operate large trucks on the route, making two round trips each day except during stormy weather. Loads of four and five tons will be carried by each ma chine. It is especially interesting to know that Oregon City sends out about as much freight by motor truck as is received, the machines carrying large quantities of fruit, vegetables, pork, veal, poultry and other farm produce direct to the Portland deal ers. The freight is carried in direct competition with the low rate of $1 per ton offered by both boat and train the motors getting the carage charge at both ends of the route, delivery be ing made direct and goods picked up any place along the route. The motor truck has a strong ad vantage in handling small shipments, and packages which demand quick delivery. River Long in Use The Willamette river has been used as a water highway since 1846. -At that early day small craft carried freight to the falls, and the cargo was broken and portaged around the ob struction in the river. In 1846 two boats, capable of carrying 15 or 20 passengers and some freight, were put on a run between Oregon City and Champoeg. In 1851 the steamer Hoosier was taken over the portage and placed on the upper river. Fol lowing the establishment of regular steamboat service on the river Ca nemah became quite prominent as a center of river traffic. In 1868 the first real move was made looking to the construction of locks to overcome the obstruction of the falls. Four years later the canal and locks were opened to traffic. For a number of years agitation had been carried on that the government might take the locks over and make service through them free to the people. Success fi nally came to the effort, and April 26, 1915, the transfer was completed, and the locks at Oregon City became free. Some Record, This "The world's long-distance milk and butter record is claimed by the Ameri can Jersey Cattle Club for the Jersey cow, Sophie 19th, of Hood Farm, Massachusetts. In six conRppntivo lactation periods this remarkable cow produced 38 tons of milk, or th i '. . r --1 aicm, oi over o.uuu pounds of butter." Farm and Fireside. The Courier Is $1 a year if paid in advance. V