S
Livestock and Dairy.
Facts About Care of Farmers' Feeders and Aids to Greater Milk Production.
HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
SILAGE is the main reliance of
dairy farmers in many sections
for cow feed, since it has been
found to be particularly well adapted
as feed in this connection.
While silage is an excellent feed for
dairy stock, it should be combined
with, some other leguminous feed, such
as clover, eow peas, or alfalfa, owing
to its insufficient productive quality.
The leguminous material will tend
to correct the deficiencies of the silage
in dry matter, protein, and mineral
constituents. A ration of silage and,
say, alfalfa hay alone is satisfactory,
however, only for cows which are dry
or giving only a small amount of milk
and for heifers and bulls. Cows in full
milk require some concentrated feed in
addition to hay and silage, as they
can not consume enough of these feeds
to keep up a large flow of milk and
maiutain body weight.
Experience Is Guide.
The amount of silage to food a cow
Will depend upon the capacity of the
animal to consume feed. Sho should be
fed as much as sho will clean up with
out waste when consumed along with
her hay and grain. Haise or lower the
amount until the proper quantity is
ascertained. Generally speaking, a
good cow should be fed just short of
the limit oi her appetite. If she refuses
any of her feed it should be reduced at
once. The small breeds will eat 25 or
30 pounds per day; the large breeds 40
or more; and the medium-sized ones
amounts varying between.
Ironclad directions for feeding cows,
can not be giveH. In general, however,
they should be supplied with all the
roughage they will clean up with grain
in proportion to buttcrf at produced.
- The hay will ordinarily range be
tween 5 and 12 pounds per cow per
day when fed in connection with silage.
For Holsteins 1 pound of concen
trates for each 4 pounds of milk pro
duced will prove about right.
For Jerseys 1 pound for eaeh 3
pounds of milk or less will come near
er meeting the requirements. The grain
for other breeds will vary between
these two according to the quality of
milk produced.
A good rule is to feed seven times as
much grain as there is butterfat pro
duced. Buttons found Good,
The following rations will bo found
good:
- For a 1,300-pound eow yielding 40
pounds of milk testing 3.5 per cent:
Founds.
Silage 40
Clovor, cowpea, or alfalfa hay 10
Grain mixture 10
For the safe cow yielding 20 pounds
of 3.5 per cent milk:
Pounds.
Silage . 40
Clover, cowpea, or alfalfa hay 5
Grain mixture . 5
For a 900-pound eow yielding 30
pounds of 5 per oent milk:
Pounds.
Silage 30
Clover, cowpea, or alfalfa hay 10
Grain mixture .. 11
For same eow yielding 15 pounds of
5 per eeut milk:
Pounds.
Silage . 30
Clover, cowpea, or alfalfa hay.. 8
Grain mixture 5
Good Mixture.
A good grain mixture to be used in
a ration which includes silage and some
sort of leguminous hay ia composed of:
Parts.
Corn chop 4
Wheat bran Z 2
Linseed-oil meal or cottonseed meal.. 1
In ease the hay used ia not of this
kind some of the corn chop may be re
placed by linseed or cottonseed meal.
Ia many instances brewers' dried
grains or crushed oata may be profit
ably substituted for the bran, and
oftentimes gluten products can be used
to advantage in place of bran or oil
meals.
The time to feed silage is directly
after milking or at least several hours
bufore milking. If fed immediately be
fore milking tho silage odors may pass
through the cow's body into the milk.
Besides, the milk may reeeive some
taints directly from the stable air. On
Handling Dairy Sire Needs Care
John Underwood Gives His Ideas on Methods Necessary to
Keep Bull in Order.
BY JOHN TTNDEKWOOD.
HEN the raising of good dairy
cattle is to be taken into con
sideration the bull is the better
half of the herd. In a majority of cases
this animal seems to possess and is
disposed to exercise a head of his own
and, consequently, needs careful man
agement and control from the begin
ning of his calfhood.
I am not sure but that even beyond
this period thought should be given to
his ancestry in order to possess a
knowledge of the traits of character
and disposition likely to be developed
in the calf.
A vieious ancestry either on the part
of the sire or dam will likely sooner or
later manifest itself in the young ani
mal and in selecting the' one to head
the herd this should be carefully
guarded against. One special require
ment in handling the bull is with refer
ence to his early, thrifty growth and
proper development.
Feed and Care Essential.
Good feed and good care are quite
essential in order that a decent and
well proportioned animal may head the
hord and-one that will likely leave a
good impress on his posterity.
The calf should bo dealt with from
the start gently, yet firmly, but never
in a teasing or bantering way. He
should be taught to be handled quietly,
to be easily haltered and led by the
time be is a yearling, and a good ring
should be put in his nose to aid in his
complete control.
When old enough for service he
should not be allowed to run with the
other, cattle, but be kept in a substan
tially fenced fiold or lot. The latter is
the best, and can be provided in a rea
sonably cheap and effective manner.
Own Method Told.
My own method is to have a lot con
sisting of about two acres inclosed with
a four-foot wire fence substantially
put up on good, well-set posts, the
posts extending eight or ten inches
about the top wire of the woven fence,
which is put on the outside of the
posts. On the inside of the posts a
barbod wire is placed about six inches
abovo the top of the women wire fence,
and one also about eight inches below
the same.
In nearly every case tliij will be a
Buficient safegnard against fence
throwing or breaking out. The lot is
well provided with water and sholter
and a strong plank fencing gato pro
tected with barbed wire on the inside,
which completes the nrrangemont. I
find in my own case this kind of in
closure sufficient to keep under con
trol a vigorous pure-bred Jersey bull
of about 1,700 pounds' weight.
the other hand, if feeding is done sub
sequent to milking, the volatile silage
odors will have been thrown off be
fore tho next milking hour. Silage is
usually fed twice a day.
Feed Calves Silage.
Calves may be fed silage as soon as
they are old enough to eat it. It is
perhaps of greater importance that the
silage be free from mold or decay when
given to ealyes than when given to
mature stock. They may be given all
the silago they will eat up clean at all
times. Yearling calves will consume
about one-half as much as mature
stock; that is, from 15 to 20 or more
pounds a . day. When supplemented
with some good leguminous hay, little,
if any, gTain will be required to keep
the calves in a thrifty, growing condi
tion. One of the most trying seasons of
the year for the dairy cow is the lat
ter part of the summer and early fall.
At this season the pastures are often
short or dried up, and in such- cases it
is a common mistake of dairymen to
let their cowb drop off in flow of milk
through lack of feed. Later they find
it impossible to restore the milk flow,
no matter how the cows are fed. Good
dairy practice demands that the milk
flow be maintained at a high level all
the time from parturition to drying off.
It becomes necessary, therefore, to sup
ply some feed to take the place of the
grass. The easiest way to do this is by
means of silage. Silage is cheaper and
decidedly more convenient to use than
soiling crops.
The amounts to feed will depend
upon the condition of the pastures,
varying all the way from 10 pounds to
a full winter feed of 40 pounds. It
should be remembered in this connec
tion that silage contains a low per
centage of protein, so that the greater
the amount of silage fed the greater
must be the amount of protein in the
supplementary feeds to properly bal
ance the ration.
Interest in Wool.
A pronounced feature of the wool
market at present is the growing
strength of fine wool prices. Owing to
the tendency to breed mutton types a
shortage in fine wool has resulted and
the prico is going upward accordingly.
It is said there are no large blocks of
fine wool available at preswnf The
London auctions indicate higher prices
for fine wool.
Mnltinlvinff the heieht of a wireless
aerial by four will give iU wave length
approximately.
We Make Large
Loans Upon
Improved City
and Farm
Properties
IN WASHTNGTON
AND OREGON
Making the Mortgage to secure
a number of -Not or Bond
of $100. $500 and $1,000 each.
The form of the bond and
mortfyajje is. so far as possible
identical with the small loan
where the note and mortfrsBP
are assigned to the purchaser
We have at present several
very attractive issues of such
bonds, maturing from 1 to 10
years, netting 7 per cent. Let
us tell you about them.
7Mob Furta John Davis
P. E. Btrnrt J. B. Patrick
V. D. Miner
DAVIS & STRUVE
BOND CO
INVESTMENT BROKERS
807 Second Avenue Seattle
DAIRYMEN
If you want
FEED
CHAIN
FLOTTB
SHINGLES
I Can Save You Money
Write Me. S. E. GILBERT
201 Washington St., Portland, Oregon
BUCK
LOSSES SURELY PMVEHTEI
by Cutter's fjlarktaf PHrt. Low
jirlcftri, fresh. reliable; preferred bj
Western stocarami becntiM tfrwi pre-
v v jm Het wftr fttHer vtweltr., fall
I WLaB to? bookJnt and tatlMrmUli
I f 1 m 10-om pfct. Blioklaf Pilk I.M
JLJ JLXatf& W-dM B4s. Bitot. U Pitt 4.80
Dm any Injector, but Gutter bmJ
'he Rparloritr of Cutter products It dwt to over U
fears of ipeclajffltna frj ve.ee !m antf ttrumt enly,
ImM m Cottar'. If unnbttioaLile, order dircrt,
THC CUTTER LABORATORY. Berkeley. Cliferl
'yf
yj
HENNINOEE &
47 First Street,
SAVE
YOTJH
FETJITS AND
VEGETABLES
FBOM A
GLUTTED '
MAfiKET
With a Na.
tienal Steam .
Pressure Can
ning Outfit.
Writ fox
catalogue 14.
AYES MFG. 00,
Portland, Oregon.
WANTED-FARM LAND
We have city property to exchange
for farm lands Tell n what you have.
We will consider livestock, with ot
without lauu ill Bitno.iKf wi'oH-rn
land for eastern land or city property.
SWANK BROTHERS
011 Northwest Building.
Main 4190. Portland, Oregon.
Write Us for Information on Market
Conditions.
Dryer, Bollam & Co.
General Commission ijerehaiits.
128 Front Street, Portland, Oregon.
HIDES
ITJHS. WOOL. PELTS. BAO.
EIBBABD-STEWAXT OO,
Writ t .r pritt- list fti.l afeiDtaf tag. .
(Pleas mention this PPf.)
Hotel
SAVOY
SEATTLE
"twtlt MwrlM
M14
In th center of
things thtatmma1
stores on both ltd
BuiUUaff aktofeMr
teelaadi
EoonAR run
it rivo
i 1 1 i , ' 1 1
Romm $ 1 .00 ! Ur m
Bmm with prirat balk 0O
"Getting the Last Drop"
BJatchford's Calf Meal
As good as New Milk at half the Cost
100 pounds makes 100 gallons of Perfect
Milk Substitute.
Send for pamphlet, "How to Rata Ct ,
Cheaply and SucoMifutljr Witbmrt MiP-"
1 TVelrri or
PACrFIC COAST CONDBNSBD MIIJS
CO., Seattle, Waak, '