HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION 4 The Orchard on the Grain Farm If You Don't Care For It, Cut It Down if Your Wife Will Let You. It Needs Care, However. THE ORCHARD on the grain farm iB usually an object worthy of pity and compassion a poor thing. It was planted because the farmer thought it would not be home without an orch ard. The trees were not earefully se lected in the first place. Too many of them were summer and fall apples. The farmer took pride in it while it was growing and looked promising; but even before it began to bear he neglect ed it He allowed the borers to get in their work, and a percentage of the trees died. He allowed the rabbitB to bark the trees in the winter. He allowed the hogs to run in it and rub against tho trees. He failed to prune. Ho did not spray because he had not the time. He allowed it to grow up in weeds, pos sibly in blue grass. Then, after it had borne for three or four years, and he Was dissatisfied with the fruit, he be gan to wonder why he ever planted an orchard. He began to figure that if he had never planted it, but had grown corn on the land, ho would be much further ahead now without expense. The net result is .that the average orchard on the farm is unproductive, does not pay, and the farmer wiBheB he had never planted it; that even 50 bushels of corn per acre would have been worth two or three times as much as all the fruit he ever got off that orchard. The orchard then becomes a preferred breed ing place for orchard pests. Cut It Down. Whnt should be done with an orch ard of this kind? If your wife will let you, you had probably better cut down the trees, grub out the stumps, and plant corn. We suspect she won't allow you to do it. It would not seem like home without an orchard. In that case, there's only one thing to do; and that is take care of it. If it has been growing up in weeds, plow it up, sow it to clover, and thus fertilize it. Scrape the rough bark off the trees, whitewash them, prune them. and if you can, head them out low, so that the fruit can be gathered easily. Learn how to spray, and then spray every tree. We are not telling you how to spray. If you are interested, you will Bend to your experiment station and get a spraying calendar. If you are not interested, you would not do it if we should tell you. bow. Orchard Business Apart. We don't advise farmers.. to go into commercial orcharding. That's a sep arate business by itself. No farm, how ever, is really a farm unless it has an orchard. What you want is fruit enough for your family, and in good years some to give away to the people in the neigh borhood, and perhaps in town, who do not have an orchard. Don't do any half-way job. Either make the orchard a delight, an ornament to the farm, a joy to your wife, and a double joy to your children, or else dig it up. Any thing is better than a run-down, neg lected orchard. .It will cost you something to spray; but if the farmers in auy neighbor hood determine that they are going to have orchards, as they should for the sake of the farmers, the wives and the children, and the farms themselves, it is easy to arrange for some man to spray all the orchards in the neighborhood, to keep the trees pruned, and give direc tions as to how to take care of them. The orchard in tho corn belt takes the place of the vine and fig tree in ancient Isreal; and the man who does not have one is not living up to his privileges as an American farmer. Fruit Distribution Is Discussed N DISCUSSING the business side of fruit distribution at the recent meeting in Chicago of the Second National Conference on Marketing and Farm Credits, Charles W. Holman of the University of Wisconsin and secre tary of the Conference, gave seven rea sons why marketing associations fail: 1. A wrong type of organization. 2. The failure to pay good Balaries and expect efficient service. 3. A half-hearted feeling among the producers, which lod them to follow false gods of antagonistic interests that wero combining for the purpose of dis tupting the local organiuztion. 4. Failure on the part of the local associations' to federate with each other to obtain strong selling power and to dovelop strong purchasing power. 5. Failure to provide for proper in poctional and auditing services. 6. Failure to guarantee the product and protect the guarantee by the credit ef the organization, 7. The spread of tenancy through ftorae twenty-six states of the Union. Get Down to Facts. "Such causes are to be expocted in the present development of the farmor as a business man, for wo must re member that the evolution of farm business is. at- least a generation be hind the evolution of other forms of business. There are many fundamen tal causes for this condition, which have been dwelt upon by othor speak ers and by many writors. . "It is customary to discuss the farmers' co-operative movement some what in the same way that people discuss tho single tax or the cooper alive commonwealth, as a movement of beautiful idealism. Very few people have as yet gotton down to the actual dollars and cents point of view iu dis cussing this thing. Organization Is Thing. "And after all we do not care whether it is the non profit-making eorporntion, or the joint stock com pany, or tho partnership agreement, or whatever form of organinztion that the farmer's busiuesB may take, pro vided that in the running of that busi ness he gets th thing that is now necessary for the welfare of himself and his family and his community a living price above the cost of his farm and selling operations." The reasons for the failure of mar keting associations as given by Mr. Holman are not all that may be dis severed, but fruit growers who have watched the rise and fall of market ing organizations will find among these seven reasons, at least one which has contributed to the downfall of their organization. And furthermore, these marketing associations which are now in existence and are somewhat uncer tain about the success they will make, need to consider these reasons for failure, find the leak in their ranks and proeeea to make the changes and adjustments that will lead on to success. CHERRY GUMOSIS, REMEDY. THE Corvallis experiment station rec ommends for gumosis of the cherry to clean off the affected parts, re moving bark and the gum and any de cayed material, then disinfect with a solution of 1 part corrosive sublimate to 1000 parts of water. This will help to heal, but the original cause is perhaps imperfect transformation of combium into wood; likely to occur when the trees grow too rank and late in the fall. Tree Wash. To the Editor. Please give formula for making whitewash for peach trees. S. L. B. Dissolve as much common washing soda as you can in six gallons of water; then dissolve one gallon of ordinary soap to the above; slake some lime to a rather thick paste and add enough of this to make a thick whitewash. Scrape off the loose bark, if any, also remove the soil from the base of trunk, digging out the borers if you see signs of them, then apply the. wash freely from the larger limbs to the ground, then replace tho soil about tho tree. Two more European capitals, Vienna and Bucharest, have been connected by a direct telephone line. A new electric churn for household use is operated by a motor of only one-thirtieth of a horsepower. Electro magnets opcrato a new sew ng machine without the use of internal shafts and gearing. Feeding Field Peas Proves Success HENRY ROSENBERG, who is farm ing a 1700-acre wheat ranch a few miles out of Pendleton, Ore gon, has for the last three years had four acreB planted to Canadian field peas. He considers them very fine for hog feed, because on account of the small amount of work and trouble they place him to compared to the amount of value he figures they are to him. Beginning about tho first of June he turns his hogs in on them and from that time on he bothers no further in regard to them. They clean the patch up entirely, eat ing everything, peas, pods, vines and as much of the root as they can root out. . Last year he ran from 35 to 50 pigs on his patch and will probably put in as many or more this year than he did last. He says there is no danger of volunteer peas if one wishes to dis continue raising them at any time, for the pigs clean them up by full so clean that it is impossible to find a single pea upon the ground. Some Experiments in Salting Butter. A report received by the Department of Agriculture of experiments made by the Ontario agricultural station showed that salt added to butter in a wet con dition was better distributed and more in solution than were the dry salt lots, Tho average percentage of moisture re tained in the finished butter was prac tically the same with both saltings. Tests on the retention of salt in the butter by the two methods do not agree. Butter churned to about the size of wheat granules contained more moisture and less salt than did similar butters churned to lump size. Grittiness in but ter was found to be due to an over abundance of salt. It was found that a saturated salt solution contained, on an average, 29.25 per cent salt. Quan tities of salt ranging from 4.29 to 5.77 pounds per 100 pounds of butter were added to Cburniugs, with a resulting retention of salt of from 3.156 to 3.45 pounds, the loss being accounted for in the churn water and on the worker. A loss of moisture and salt in butter was found in the process of printing and packing, and after one, two and three months in cold storage there was a steady aecreaBe in moisture content, the salt content remaining fairly uniform. STAR LINE Barn Fixtures Space will not permit us to tell you much about this line, but If you are interested Write for free Catalogue. Full line of Dairy and Creamery Supplies. MONROE & CRISELL Bara Fixture Dept. 126 Front St. Portland, Ore. U.S.andForeignPatents . Obtained, Send Sketch and Description for Opinion as to Patentability. PETER HABERLIN, 200 Victor Bldg., Washington, D. 0. WOULD YOU LIKE AN INCOME OF $2,500 A YEAR? 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