Oregon City courier., July 20, 1906, MAGAZINE SECTION, Image 12

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p, -
Crops, Proof Against Insects or Disease Can SH
Be Grown by ,he Farmer. v$ri
GUY ELLIOTT MITCHELL. SjT vTJ)
The farmer's too greatest foes are
insects and plant diseases. He can,
by a proper rotation of crops and
fertilization, convert a poor into a rich
soil, and he can stimulate plant growth
by plenty of fertilization. By the
same process he can keep down the
weeds which rob his crops of nourish
ment and moisture. He can, to a great
extent, overcome, with but little
trouble, all the various smaller hin
drances to crop growing all but the
bugs and the blight. These twain are
hard to handle. None is so arrogant
as to profess indifferent to their at
tacks. Not many years ago they were
expected, not the less dreaded, espe
cially the blights and the rots and the
mildews; they were the natural visita
tions of providence. There was no
use trying to combat them. If they
came, they came. The farmer prayed
that (hey might not come that year.
Now, science has shown us that they
can, in most cases, be overcome. If
not overcome, they can be prevented.
Yet the process is often fraught with
great trouble and expense to the
farmer.
Now suppose a man could develop
a strain of plants so hardy that
blights and rust would pass them by
in disgust and so bitter and unsavory
for a bug that the hymenoptera, the
coleoptera and the other "toughs" of
(he insect trust would pass by and
prefer to eat oak and hickory leaves?
It would be a cinch for that man,
would it not? He could sit in the
shade and hire myrmidons to do his
work, directing those close at hand
In person and those at a distance by
telephone. Such a condition may be
possible. Tho man who gets In first
would be the one to sit in the shade
and reap the advantage. Eventually
we would all get on to the scheme,
mid, unless the population of the world
increased with accelerated rapidity,
there would be nn over-production of
food products and prices would eventu
ally get back to their present level,
no that we would all have to work
again.
The Department of Agriculture and
some of the experiment stations have
bppii working along this line of se
lecting resistant plants with the Idea
of at. least giving the enterprising
American farmer a good big start.
In the aggregate enormous crop
lossesmillions and millions are
caused by the attacks of Insects and
plant diseases. In dry weather In
sects are particularly abundant, nnd
ia wet weather plant diseases flour-
a very useful purpose in turning the
thought of scientific and practical men
as well, in he direction of the de
velopment of disease-resistant varieties
"iiu results wnicn promise to prove
ui ieui practical utility.
Potatoes,
During recent years the disease re
sistance of potatoes especially has re-
ceiveu attention by several of the
dgi lcuiiurai experiment stations in the
United States, notably those of Maine
Minnesota, and Vermont. A recent
bulletin of the Bureau of Plant In
dustry of the Department of Agrieul
ture, prepared by L. R. .Inn fiS of the
Vermont Station, summarizes and dis
cusses this work, and that along sim
imes aDroaa, as well as the ex
perience of practical erowers. Snm
marlzing the results, Professor Jones
-raws tne roiiowing tentative con
elusions:
Disease resistance In potatoes is
relative, not absolute, no variety
known being wholly proof against late
blight and rot. It seems related to
general vegetative vigor, and is, there
fore, in a measure dependent upon
cultural and developmental conditions
and tends to decrease with the age of
the variety. It can be restored by
originating new varieties from seed,
especially or hybrid origin. Not all
seedlings show superior disease re
Early varieties may escane the dis
ease by maturing before it becomes
epidemic, but when similarly exposed
they are, as a class, less resistant than
late varieties.
The source of seed tubers is a mat
ter of importance, northern-crown
seed giving plants the superior disease
resistance in Europe. Seed from a
crop that was not too highly fertilised
is probably preferable. Possibly tub
ers are better for seed purposes if dug
before they reach full maturity. High
fertilization, especially with nitro
genous manures, lowers the power of
the plant to resist both blight and
rot.
So far as Bkin characteristics are an
Index, the red varieties with thick
and rough skin seem more resistant
as a class than the thin-skinned white
varieties. So far as stem and foliage
characters are concerned, the evi
dence favors the stem that is hard,
rough, nnd rather woody at the base,
and the leaf that is small, somewhat
rough, and dark colored.
In America trials as to disease re
sistance have been conducted at some
of the experiment stations, notably in
smooth, flabby leaves and decumbent
stems.
The evidence at hand seems to
justify the hope that the combined ef
forts of potato specialists working
i'rom both the practical and the scien
tific standpoints may soon result in
ihe development of varieties of pota
toes combining general excellence with
a high degree of disease resistance.
Cantaloupes.
A recent bulletin of the Colorado
Station reports the discovery by a
local grower of a rust-resisting canta
loupe which promises to be of im
mense value to the Rockyford canta
loupe industry. In this case seed of
the Rockyford variety was purchased
from five different seedsmen. They
were planted and cultivated under sim
ilar conditions. "When rust attacked
the field just before the melons began
to ripen, it developed rapidly and soon
destroyed all the vines except those
STUBS FUR WARM WEATHER.
Fashions for Heated Term are in
Harmony with Comlort.
BY BERTHA BROWNING.
The summer fashions have become
quite as settled as they are apt to dur
ing the season, and those wardrobes
which are just preparing have the ad
vantage of being exactly what is de
sired rather than an uncertain fore
cast. The woman who enjoys the cool
breezes of her own veranda rather than
the uncertain comforts of some other
may utilize many a summer morning
In fashioning pretty blouses of thin
material and dainty little coats of lace
or lingerie fabrics. It is the detail
which makes up the fashionable ward
robes, and any woman who is clever
with her fingers may make these
small garments or accessories without
a great deal of expense, and satisfy
TF$kft t
-wh."r i -1 tin
II - i c- ;M
Ml L TV fv '--v k "1 111
Ml y:i' ,;;t-- II
Baylor Iron
"IRON" COWPEA VS. "BLACK" AND "TAYLOR,"
Showing Comparative Resistance to Wilt and Koot Knot.
Black,
Germany makes more than 1700
yarletles of sausages.
The grape harvest of California Is
about 750,000 tons valued at $15,000,
OOO. Ink and fruit stains may be removed
from white linens and cottons by
soaking them for a few hours in kero
sene, then washing in hot water.
Dew forms more readily on some
colors than on others. It forms more
readily on yellow objects, next on
those that are green. It forms slowly
on anything red, and most slowly on
black.
MALE HELP WANTED.
ADVERTISING men adept in writing copy art
Bought for constantly. We need nuc men at once,
Salui-les WMBiW. Write us UMiay. HAi'UOUUti.
buitell),buM01tl3roauwtty.'.
AN -XI'EKIENUEU NUKSEKY Salesman, also a
man to learn the busliiess, baiury or Commission,
fan-American Nurseries, Rochester, N. V.
IO ALL StlFFERRM FROM TOO MUCH FAT
A TK1AL TKKTWFT WILL BR SE.VT
AS A FKKK UlfT BY SIMPLY
ASKINU I-OK IT.
THE DANGF.ROl'S l!HKR SEASON WITH
ITS TKHRIBLE AU KXHAVSTINtt HKAT
IS WOW I I'OV IIS. EVKRV OUNCE OF
BVPKRFLIJOl'S FAT IN BIRDK.V.
SOMH, I HKAI.TII V AD BRI.VUS
MUCH MINKRV AI DAVUKR
WHICH MAY MEAN DEATH.
"JACliSON" COTTON ON TIIK LEFT, "DRAKE" ON THE HIOHT.
Crtinparntlvo Resistance to Wilt Disease.
ish, while in average weather both do Vermont, where experiments in breed
ing orai uiey can u gamer uie crop lng and selection for Increased re-
ahead of the farmer. Many plant (lis
eases and insects can be com rolled by
the various poisons, sprays, and cul
tural methods already discovered, but
for some as, for example, the rust of
wheat, peach yellows, clover-seed fly,
etc. satisfactory remedies have not
yet been discovered.
Some Instances may be cited to show
just what Is meant by resistant or Im
mune varieties and their value, lira pes
furnish a striking example. Euro
pean grapes planted in this country
sistance are under way. These results
have been correlated with information
recently secured by a circular of in
quiry addressed to a large number of
potato specialists in the Northeastern
States and in Canada. From these it
appears that a wide variation is shown
In disease resistance among the varie
ties now In cultivation in America,
but that no one variety is preeminent.
Among those which have been wide
ly tested, the following deserve men
tion as of the resistant class: Dakoto
lull wherever the American grape-root ; Red, Kustproof, Irish, Cobbler, Sir
louse is present, because the louse Is i Walter Kulelgh. Doe Pride, and White
able to attack and destroy tho roots
of these varieties. The roots of na
tive American grapes are also attacked
by the same louse, but are so hard and
wiry that the louse can not destroy
them. In other words they are re
slstant.
The unusual resistance of tho Keif
fer pear to blight has made it pos
sible to grow this pear In the South
ern States, where most other varie
ties fall because of blight. The va
riety of cowpea known as Little iron
has proved so resistant to wilt disease
that in some fields it has survived
when all other varieties have been
killed. American gooseberries are but
little subject to the mildew which se
riously affects the larger Kngllsh va
rieties when grown here. With nearly
every crop grown, some of its vari
eties are more resistant or immune to
some disease or insect attack than
others.
Some varieties of the same plant
are but little affected by a disease,
while others are badly injured. Va
riations in this respect also extend
to Individual plants of a given variety.
These facts have been utilized to
some extent In the origination of the
various so-called "disease-proof" va
rieties which have been Introduced
Into culture as, for example, the
"rust-proof" varieties of wheat, oats
etc. As n rule, however, these varie
ties have not been developed by any
systematic, sclent Iflc methods of se
lection and breeding, and although a
few show merit, most of them have
not measured up to the claims made
for them. They have, however, served
Deauty.
In tests made at the Vermont sta
tion In 1905 the following varieties
grown from the seed of one seedsman.
Many of the hills from this strain of
Rockyford seed remained green
throughout 'the season and produced
a good crop of melons. Further obser
vations in the muskmelon fields of
that neighborhood also showed that
wherever this strain of Rockyford seed
had been used many hills were unaf
fected with rust, while with other
strains of seed of the same variety
the vines were all dead.
The investigator selected a quantity
of seed from the rust-resistant hills
and planted them in comparison with
ordinary seed. "On the rust-resisting
hills the melons were hidden under a
healthy growth of vines, and were
large, solidly netted, with thick, firm
flesh, small seed cavity completely
filled with seed. On the rusted hills
the plants were almost devoid of leaves
and the small melons were premature
ly ripe, with thin, watery flesh, open,
large seed cavity, and practically of
no market value."
In tracing back the history of this
strain of seed it was found that some
years before a seedsman had saved the
first lot from a single healthy melon
taken from a Held of rusted vines. It
had therefore been developed by the
simple process of saving seed from
the best melons produced by plants
which withstood attacks of rust when
nirroundlng plants were destroyed by
this disease. What was thus accom
plished by one farmer with one crop
can probably be accomplished by other
farmers with the same or with other
crops, if they will be alert, while the
crops are growing, to select and mark
Individual plants which show excep
tional merit along the lines of pro
lific yield, early maturity, resistance to
disease, or other desirable quality, and
save seed separately from the plant
showing such qualities. Marked va
riations which may be profitably util
ized in this way are constantly occur
ring and are plainly evident on all
farms.
The point to be emphasized is that
improvements in farm crop varieties
aearly always trace back to individual
plants. No one is in better position
to notice these exceptional plants than
the farmer. He is in his fields, gar
den, or orchard, every day, where these
exceptional plants are produced. If
one plant in a rust-infected wheat
field stands up green and free from
the disease, that is a plant to save
seed from as the basis of a rust-re
sistant strain. If one hill of pota
toes in a blighted field remains unaf
fected by disease, seed from that hill
may produce a blight-resistant variety.
If a squash plint Is found that is dis
tasteful to the squash bug, seed from
that hill may produce squash vines
vh"h the bugs will not molest.
The important fact is that some
plants are much more resistant to dis
ease and insect attacks than others.
It is a question of seeing the resistant
her desire for becomlngness and style.
Summer gowns are real summer
gowns this year, and Mistress Fashion
seems to be more in Harmony with
comfort than for some years past.
Waists may be elaborately inset with
lace or embroidered, but they are
simply made and with lacey collars or
low, round or Dutch square necks.
Everyone is wearing elbow sleeves ex
cept those with scrawny arms, and for
them there are sheer undersleeves
which conceal any number of ugly
lines. Guimps, too, are popular fea
ture this year, and may be purchased
reasonably in all manner of pretty
styles or be made at home? Some of
the daintiest effects are realized in the
combination of Valenclnnes and swIss
or lawn.
The delicately colored slips are ap
pearing again, and under the sheer
white dresses are quite enchanting. A
white embroidered Swiss over a pink
I can reduce your weight
8 to 6 pounds a week. No
starving, no exercising, no
nauseaiing drugs nor sick
ening itills that ruin the
atomacn. Iam a regular
practicing physician and a
specialist id tbe
successful reduc
tion or superfluous
fat. My perfected
treatment quickly
relieves you from
that feeling of full,
ness and ODDres.
sion. strengthens vour heart-,.
and enables you to breathe easily, and when you
have reduced your flesh to the desired weight, you
will never become stout again. Your face and
figure will be well shaped. Your skin will beclear
and handsome and you will feel and look years
younger. Double or und.r-chin, flabby cheeks,
heavy abdomen, fat hips and other disagreeable
evidences of Obesity are speedily and permanently
removed. The flesh becomes firm and solid and
i? "8c,e re&&'n strength, activity and vigor.
My treatment is recommended by eminent phy
sicians and the highest medical authorities. Prom
inent physicians thvmselres are my patients. I
absolutely guarantee satisfaction in every case.
I send my new book on " Obesity Its Cause and
Cure," free to all Interested: also a free trial
treatment. Write me confidentially. ,
H. 0. -BADfOKP. M.D.. 20 East 22J St., Pert 4U.Nw York City.
WANTED : a Hundred Firemen and Brakemen on
different railroads. Age '41 to 30, good smut and
hearing. Experience unnecessary. Firemen nu
uiouihiy, become Engineers anil earn liruke
uien lui) uiontJily, become conductors and earn iai.
Positions awtuuiig competent men. bend stamps iur,
particulars. iime position preferrdd. Itumvay
iissoclatlou, Kooui 116, ItSl Monroe btreet, Brookly u
-N. Y.
WANTED: Amateur photographs suitable for
art and advertising subjects. Mull print and price
with pontage for return If not accepted, to The Oeo.
R. Lawrence Company, 274 Wabash Ave., Chicago-
SALESMEN TO SELL the largest line of souvenir
post cards in the country. Also large line of adver
tising fans. Excellent side line. Oood Commission-
and Prompt settlement. Alfred Hulziuan, Pub-
usuer. iHU ueuiuoru ot., micago. 111.
MEN & HOYS WANTED to learn the Plumbing
Trade. Complete the course in 2 or 3 months. Ju
niors earn from 13 to 4 per day. With tl months'
experience nutl(le, you can Join the Union and de
mand 14 to f5 per day. Catalogue Bent free. Union
Plumbing School, 1S1 W. 2ith St., New York.
LADIES' APPAREL.
SHIRT WAIST HOLDER EXTRAORDIWARY
keeps waist down all around : no pins or hooks to
tear: send 25u. with waist measurement over corset
nnd ask for white or black. Felix Corset Co., 131
pine Street New York.
LK.vL''.v,,:.s,v..,-,k.
FRECKLES
REMOVED
tt tnn iHwliffpl) rvnioTs nny
fin- offrrckln will)
RTll.LBIAN'8 K1INKIK CRKAH
'ITilfcU ilmnit HMtrUnn, 1ml
will refund jmir mttnry Until
MlUflt'd. Our rririHlj ir
parwt Tor tfah one Nllmfint, Writ
fur particulars,
Wtllman Vrvtbfo Cream Co,
Dept. "1U." Aurora, 111,
FREE
fin. HaxsjiLQanflisijr
m
Earn this newly Invented BREECH
LOADING GUN or BASE BALL
OUTFIT, consisting of large Mitt
Cap, and fine Base Ball by selling
24 splendid lead pencils at sc. each.
It's dead easy t hoyB we trust you.
Write for Pencils and circular
showing Gun, Indian butts, Target
and other premiums.
Thirteenth Street Lead
Pencil Co.,
E330 W. 13th Street, New York.
PALISADE PATTERNS.
km?
( ' 'JM . - m
111! .-f a llll
III ' - W VTq
III ' Xr . I 111
jr l llll
mi , i
-
jff 111
Number 61"fl.
PRICE, 10 CENTS EACH.
A PRACTICAL APRON
Designed by BERTHA BROWNING.
Aprons are always a topic of interest to the
housewife or any woman who haa duties to
perform as Ihey are not only a necessary evil
but a necessary good, Percale and denim are
sturdy stuli's for aprons which must do hard
general service where no ruffles or gathers ap
pear and this design is exactly suited to such
use and development, No ruffles or gathersadd
to the tabor of making; and laundering this
apron while the bib portion is broad enough to
cover the front of the blouse and so shaped as
to suggest the Princess effect. The fitting of
the front bv gores renders it becoming and
practical. The skirt poriion offers complete
protection for the skirt. Percale, gingham or
another apron material mav develop the model.
Four and three-fourth varc's of Su-inch material
are necessary in the medium sizes.
8-10 Kizes, small, medium and large.
PALISADE PATTERN CO.,
17 Buttery Place, New York City.
For 10 cents enclosed pleate send pattern
No. 0170 to the following address:
SIZE.
NAME-
ADDRESS.,
CITY and STATE.
vi 7
&ft fir. ffwuTW
is
slip has a deep yoke of Dutchess lace
inlet with Valenclnnes. The skirt
frothy with frills and tucks of the self
material and inset and cross-strapped
with Valenclnnes. The belt is of palest
pink cliitron ribbon. Small capes are
again looked upon with favor, espe
cially the little mantles which go with
three-piece suits or those of lace or
lingerie fabric which grace thin sum
mer frocks. The return of these Is
probably due to the return of the small
bolero which has appeared in all man
ner of shapes and styles, the sleeves
of which often resemble cape-like af
fairs. The long gloves which are worn with
short sleeves are held up In a novel
way by wristlets of elastic covered
with shirred ribbon and finished at the
top with a buckle or tiny rosette of
ribbon. These are worn Just below
the elbow or above wherever the glove
Is supposed to end. They hold the
glove In place admirably and are a
pretty addition to the toilette. The fa
vorite color for these bracelets Is black,
but any color of glove is matched in
these tiny accessories.
Hoots of
"Iron" Co pea.
to Root Knot.
lo-slslant
showed marked resistance to blight on
both sandy loam and clay loam soils:
Keeper. American Wonder. Dakoto
Ked, Poe Pride, nnd Late Ulightless.
Varieties having an Upright habit
of growth, moderately branched, with
firm, hairy, medium-sized leaves are
much more likely to prove resistant to
late blight than are those with large.
(tools of "Wonderful" Cowpea," At
t.nkiMt by Koot Knot.
plant and propagating from it. The
farmer has as great opportunity for
doing this as the seedsman.
The pold money of the world is $4.
61 for each inhabitant and the frold
money in the United States is J16.33
for each inhabitant
The population of the British emntre
Is 400,0tw.000 and the area 11.908.37S
square miles.
The greatest Iron prortnelne state In
the South Is Alabama. Virginia cornea
second, Tennessee third. Maryland
fourth and West Virginia fifth.
The amount of rmnerty destroyed
by fire In the Falted States In the las'
forty yesp Is Incalculable. More than
one" million bulldlnrs have been
burned in the last ten years.
CITO IVnnanntlr Oarw! Hofltp ornerTpQnMi iffrr
I I O flrt dT" of IV KUn' Ort Nr R
liw. Sn1 for FRfT trial bottl nd tnwtUe
Dr. U. B. Hum, LtoL, HI Arch St.. ftukifclplua, fa.
1
I
Wanted-Men to Fill Good Positions
The International Correspondence Schools, that great institu
tion that has done 90 much in the past and is doing 90 much every
minute for working men and women, offers you a direct and easy way
to help yourself to a most desirable position iu the trade or profession
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The I. C. S. plan enables you to help yourself right where you are,
without losing an hour's work or a dollar of pay ; without changing
positions until you are ready to step into the one you desire ; without
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matter how small it is.
Special Sclf-Ilelp Offer Start Now!
To assist those who have been hesitating, the I. C. S. hai inaugu
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There is absolutely
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writing a postal card to
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By return mail you will
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rite the postal
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Box 917 Scranton.Fs.
Here is a List of
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Select the oue you prefer, write a postal to
The IntenuUonal Cerrnpondence Schools, SoxVi;
Scrantoo. n.. aud aok how you can quality to till it
at a good salary.
Be ture and mention the position you prefer:
Bookkeeper Mechjnicil DrjlDmia
Menoripher foremjn Plumber
Advcrtucment Writer I.lec. Liihtina Sunt
Show Cud Writer
window trimmer
Commercial Law lox
Steaof tapfaert
Illuitrator
Civil Service
Chemist
Tcitile Mill SujL
Electrician
Lice La&iMabT
Mechan. Lngincer
surveyor
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Civil Laiinccr
Building Contractor
Architect'l Draltinun
Architect
Structural Lnfinccr
Bridle latincct
Miauaf Lofiactf