C
MAGAZINE SECTION.
OREGON CITY, OREGON FRIDAY- DECEMBER 15, 1905.
PAGES 1 TO 4.
f.T T
COURIER
GIANT RIVER TDNNELS.
TAKE PLACE OF BRIDGES IS CON.
SECTING HEW JERSEY AND
SEW YORK.
Completion of Borings Under Hudson
River-One of Greatest of Engineer
ing reats
After half a- century of speculation
on tne practicability of tunneling the
Hudson river from New Jersey to the
Island of Manhattan, it is now possi-
Die to walk dry-shod from Jersey to
New York. The twin bores have been
completed; that is, they have been cut
tnrougn and cased in, though of course
some finishing touches are yet to be
put upon them. It was a few days
ago that in the 'presence of the engi
neers, the directors and a dozen re
porters, W. G. Oakman, president of
the Hudson Companies, split an old
brick bulkhead with a hydraulic jack
and completed the first Manhattan
Jersey tunnel system. There was a
six-inch gap In the wall. A gang of
"ground hogs" rammed the breach a
little wider, and the party crawled
through into New York city.
The old wall that was cut through
was seven feet thick. It is the relic
of a former failure to tunnel the
Hudson. Twenty-three years ago the
engineers of the old Hudson Company,
after cutting a considerable distance
under the river, abandoned the enter
prise and walled in the unfinished
work with this brick bulkhead.
Two tube-tunnels run parallel be
neath the Hudson river, the work of
boring them being done under direc
tion of the New York and New Jer
sey Railroad Company, but this com
pany entrusted the actual performance
of the work to the Hudson. Companies.
The present tube, has been two
years in the course of construction.
Tho tubes will cost when completed
about $13,000,000, and the entire work
will cost about $30,000,000.
Fifteen Feet in Diameter.
The tubes are 5,700 feet long. 15U
feet in diameter and are intended for
one track each, with a sidewalk for
workmen. Two tubes have been start
ed on the New Jersey shore, to run
under the river to Cortlandt and
Church streets. These tubes will be
16 feet in diameter. The tubes just
completed will connect on the New
Jersey shore with the Pennsylvania
and the Lackawanna terminals. ' In
Manhattan one branch will connect
with the subway under Fourth ave
nue at Astor Place. Another branch
will run to Sixth avenue and Thirty
third street. A trip through the entire
length of the tunnel from the subway
to Hoboken will cost only five cents.
About six hundred men have been em
ployed in the tunnels.
Cars will be running through these
tube-tunnels in eighteen months. The
safety of transportation in the tunnel
needs no demonstration, for trains will
run in a steel tube the strength of
which to resist pressure has been care
fully worked out. Being laid from
fifteen to fifty feet below the river
bed, it cannot be affected by the ac
tion of tidewater.' The tube is a steel-
collisions due to operating blunders
the risk of travel ought to be nil.
Many Tunnels to be Dug.
It having been proved practicable
to tunnel beneath the Hudson river.
the Pennsylvania Railroad undertak
ing will be pushed rapidly, and it may
be expected that in course of time ev-
ery trunk line coming Into Jersey City
will have its own tunnel. The East
river piercings do not present much
of a problem. In less than five years
trains ought to be running from Phil
adelphia to Boston with no water to
be crossed
It is believed that within ten years
electric trains will make the trip from
rnuaaeipnia to New York in one hour,
FORTUNE FOR A ROSE,
SO TURKEY STUFFING ?
Christmas Dinner Incomplete With
out This Ol d-Fashioned Addition.
The latest and most obnoxious
crank In th gastronomic line is that
deluded epicure who asserts that
Christmas turkey must be served
without "stuffing." He says it is an
anomaly, a thing without reason, an
insult to the completeness of . the
bird. He even declares that it de
tracts from the sweet flavor and deli'
cate aroma of the king of fowls,
Thus he thrusts himself into the pub-
Hi. arena, a most unwelcome "butter-
In," striving to accomplish the down
fall of an historic institution. He is
not a true American. lie has never
tasted "stuffing as mother made it"
the real Simon-pure article, spooned
out of the deep recesses of the royal
bird in great crumbly masses that fill
the room with rich aroma and tne
heart of man, woman and child with
joy unconfined
It is the soul of the turkey, is stuff
ing. With the bird itself one is al
ways bothered about what part be
will have whether white meat tor
dark; whether a wing, a thigh, or a
drumstick; whether the wish-bone,
the liver, or "the part that went over
the fence last;" but for the stuffing,
American sentiment is universal.
The only question Is: How much does
one dare to eat? And then that en
trancing, sngey odor, from the mys
terious "yarbs" that enter into the mak
ing as sweet as the summer breezes
over new mown hay as delicate as
the fragrance of orange blossoms on
a wedding day. And perchance, in
addition, we shall catch the sublime
suggestion of an onion, wafted into
our quivering nostrils, and .recalling
some dear departed maternal spirit
who ministered to our boyish wants
in days of yore.
Turkey straight, without stuffing?
Not while there is breath to sound a
protest. It is the mission of civiliza
tion to mix with naked nature the
toothsome miscellany of tradition; to
blend the woflr of nature and man;
to sweeten with our best endeavor
the plain blessings of an all-wise
Providence. That's what gave us
"stuffing;" and until the heart of man
grows cold, until the race loses its
teeth and lives on pills and tablets
and predigested pap, its multitudes
will Insist on turkey as mother served
it. Down with theories. Give us
lined hole in the earth, and except for stuffing or take the turkey back.
A
WONDERFUL SEW VARIETY
WHICH BRISGS THIRTY
TUOUSASD DOLLARS.
Is a Ravishing Pink and Crimson Tea
One to Two Hundred 'I housanj
DollarsExpectea Profit Other Huge
Figures for flowers.
A Washington gardener has origi
nated what is believed by expert flor
ists to be the finest rose ever grown
the Queen Beatrice. It is a tea of a
peculiar shade of pink with a touch,
in the bud, of light crimson. Its par
ticular merit lies probably In the fact
that none of the beauty of its coloring
Is destroyed either in natural or -artificial
light. Added to this it has a
fragrance equal to, if not superior to
that of the Ameriean Beauty. The
rose .grows on straight and stur
dy stems from two to three feet long;
its parents are the two well-known va-
Mr. Kramer is a Washington florist
with large experience in the flower
line, many new and interesting nov
elties having originated in his green
houses. Among the popular garden
roses which he produced are the
"Climbing Meteor," a climbinc varie
ty with large red blooms; "Champion
or tne world," "ltouert Jil. Lee," b,
11. Kramer," and many other sorts
which have been sold to catalogue
nouses and named by thein. He has
just originated the "Climbing Ameri
can Beauty" which will probably be
listed by flower-sellers next spring. He
recently exmmted in Washington the
"P. H. Kramer" carnation a deep
piuK sort wnicn many well-known
florists have declared to be the equal
or eitner tne "Lawson" or "Fiancee,
He states that no plants of the
-yueen Beatrice" rose will be ready
for distribution before the spring of
1907 during which time a large sum
of money will be expended in the
erection or notiiouses and the cultiva
tion ana growing of hundreds of
tnousnnus of youne n bints. Tho on.
timate is made that probably $150,000
THE NEW QUEEN BEATRICE ROSE.
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THE UNCONVENTIONAL SARAH.
It was Thomas Carlyle who said
that ail genius was akin to savagery.
Sarah Bernhardt exemplifies this in
the buodolr of her chateau in Paris.
Mme. Bernhardt is a perfect barbarian
In her defiance of all the convention
alities regarding color schemes. Her
sleeping room is hung in royal purpie.
decorated with peacock plumes. Over
her iouis XVI. bed is a canopy made
of nnspun silk taken directly from the
silkworm cocoon. A great splash of
crimson satin, in the form of a shield,
adorns the center. The walls are hung
in old tapestries, and In the Interstices i
of the hangings are row after row of
tiny monkey skulls, the eye sockets of
which are illumined with electric
lights. -
The "divine Sarah" has parted with
her pet tiger, and now has for a com
panion a large and ugly baboon, whose
ears have been pierced so that they
may carry huge rings of solid gold.
Bernhardt is said to look as young as
she did twenty years ago. Her face
is without wrinkles, and her step Is as
spry and her manner as vivacious as
when she first electrified her native
city as an actress. '
rietles, Liberty and Madam Chatenay,
the former, one of the most popular
crimson varieties, but uncertain in the
production of perfect blooms. Queen
Beatrice has none of the faults of its
parents and combines all of their good
qualities; it is resistant to insect and
mildew attacks, and capable of forc
ing on the hothouse bench.
Grown at Gardiner Hubbard Mansion
It waa originated by Peter Blssett,
and will be put on the market by
rionst r. 1. jiramer, or Washington.
Blssett is the head gardener of Mrs.
Gardiner Hubbard, the widow of the
late Gardiner Hubbard, at one time
president or tne wationnl ueographic
Society. She is the mother-in-law of
Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor
or tne telephone. The new rose was
produced at her beautiful Riibiirlinn
residence, Twin Oaks, just outside of
me national capital.
xae leading norlsts of the country
imve Known or tne existence of t i n
rose ror a year and have made various
tempting oners for it, but it remained
tor riorist Ilramer to offer $30,000
uiiu uuaiiy secure tne beauty. .
oucn a raDinous sum ror a rose
seems insignificant, however, when it
is remembered that but a few years
ago '1 nomas Lawson of "Frenzied Fi
nance" fame paid $30,000 for a mere
carnation, while the creater amount
of $125,000 was expended for the "Fi
ancee .carnation. It is hinted that
Mr. Lawson cleaned up over $100,000
out of the Lawson pink and the buy
ers of the "Fiancee" carnation easily
uuuuieu me amount expenuea.
Origin of the American Beauty.
And yet the "American Beauty" of
whom every flower lover is fond nas
a very, very sad history. A numlier
of years ago a Washington gardener
who made only a specialty of garden
rospR, received from abroad a ship
ment of plants, among which was a
"mongrel." This, with out-of-door cul
ture produced very large and fragrant
blooms. It attracted the attention of
Thomas Fields, a Washington florist.
Nothing was known by him of the
forcing qualities of this rose in the
greenhouse, but ns he rather liked its
color and general appearance, one af
ternoon while her husband was ab
sent, he purchased the single p'ant
from Mrs. Ready for five dollars.
Ready, when he retured and was told
of the sale, believed that his wife had
asked too much for the flower. Fields
experimented with the plant and found
that it exceeded even his fondest
hopes. lie named it the "American
Beauty" and probably cleared $25,000
on this one deal. To-dtiy Ready is
still . a gardener, doing odd Jobs for peo
ple around town spading up gardens,
supplying rich earth and planting
shrubs. :
or $200,000 will be
flower.
made from this
Attempted Craftings.
Various artifices have been tried by
clever but unscrupulous people to ob
tain specimens of the "Queen Beat
rice" rose, many coming into the
Kramer establishment where a huge
bouquet of the blooms was on exhibi
tion, offering to purchase at large
prices a single flower for a bouton
niere. Others have gone so far as to
order elaborate funeral designs with
tne proviso that nothing but this par
ticular kind of rose be used. These
were only dodges to obtain the healthy
wood for slipping and growing, for
the best time to make rose cuttings Is
either just before or Immediately after
the plant comes Into bloom.
One Washington florist who origi
nated the "Ivory" rose a handsome
white flower, and a sport of "Golden
Gate" was unwise enough to sell cut
flowers, thereby enabling the purcha
sers to propagate the variety cheaply.
The Washington Florists' Club re
cently awarded the new "Queen Beat
rice" rose a certificate of merit, the
first of the kind ever given bv the
club. . The new flower is so striking
and beautiful that every member of
the club consented to the award.
THE PUBUC XAND FRAUDS.
PRESIDENT'S PUBLIC LAND COMMISSION RECOM
MENDS RADICAL CHANGES IN LAWS.
Richard Hamilton Byrd.
Three men went out west to seek
their fortunes. One located in the
Middle West not the Middle West,
perhaps, as it is generally known,
out the central section .of the west
em half of the United States in the
desert country. He started his sue
cessful career by taking up a govern
ment claim under the desert-laud act,
He was In the cattle country the
cow country uud he made his strike
in cattle.
His friend went further north, still
in the desert area, close to the Cana
dian line in the sheep country. He
took up a government homestead
claim and commuted it.
The third man went into the far
northwest the Oregon country of
Lewis and Clarke and he took up a
government timber claim. He located
in a land where lumbering was done.
And these three men became great
cattle and sheep and timber kings,
and incidentally landlords), and their
were singularly similar. They filed on
their government claims and at the
earliest possible moment each man
"proved up and sold out" for cash to
larger land grabbers. And so the.v
learned the mode and got their start
toward land grabbing themselves.
The desert entryman was supposed
under the law to live at least three
years on his 320 acres and to expend
during that period $960 in construct
ing irrigation ditches and other im
provements, and make it his home.
This was what was promised for the
law when it was slipped through
congress, as a matter of fact, this
man spent a day with a team making
a iaice irrigation reservoir and then
another day running a couple of fur
rows around the land, making oath
that this constituted an irrigation
system for its reclamation. Then
within six months he "proved ud.'
made the required payments to the
government, and secured a patent to
nis land.
The homestead entrvman. who. un
der the law, must reside continuously
on his claim, erected a slab, one-room
snanty, 10x12 feet .and durini? a tier-
iod of fourteen months slept in It lust
five times. This was the extent of
tils Home making. Then he, too. made
oath of what he had not done, offered
me required payments to the govern
ment ana secured title to his land.
The timber entryman went into the
nnest timber section of the United
fetates the dense forests of the far
northwest and under the timber and
stone act, selected 100 acres of land,
the timber standing upon which was
worm $75 an acre, and swearing that
ne wanted it ror his own personal use.
purchased it from the government at
the fixed price of $2.50 an acre and
immediately disposed of it. So that
within fourteen months these three
men had secured from Uncle Sam an
aggregate of one square mile of gov
ernment land for their own benefit
and use as homes, and sold It out to,
No nation has ever been so reckless
or has been so mercilessly robbed of Its
public land resources as has the United
States. Since the early history of
the republic, laud in vast tracts has
been granted to individuals and cor
porations, and in spite of the public
attention which of late years has been
directed to the matter, the absorption
goes on at an - alarming 'rate. It
seems difficult for the man who ha
lived in the west for years to realize
that there is any good reason why ho
should not debauch and buy out hun
dreds of others wbo are willing to sell
their birthright as American citizens,
thus enabling him to acquire a do
main which n-ould have been princely
in the days of feudalism.
The three men above cited count
their holdings to-day by the hundreds
of thousands of acres, but there are
western corporations and individuals
whose figures mount up even into mil
lions of acres. One can ride or drive
all day through their territory, the
HON. W. A. RICHARDS.
Chairman Public Lands Commission.
only signs of civilization being barbed
wire fences and roaming herds, where
should be hundreds and thousands of
prosperous farm homes.
hen President Roosevelt came in
to office he found government aid to
Irrigation a question of growing popu
larity. He recommended Its consider
ation by Congress. A national irri
gation law was enacted. In his fol
lowing message he officially recog
nized the basic fraud of land laws
and the menace which they afforded
to the homeinaking irrigation law
and the next year lie appointed a Pub
lic Liana Commission composed or
three eminent public men, well quali
fied to investigate the land conditions
in the west.
Need for Land Laws Legislation.
These officials were W. A. Richards.
Commissioner of the General Land Of
fice; Gifford Plnchot, Chief of the
Bureau of Forestry, and Frederick H.
Newell, Chief Engineer of the Nation
al Irrigation or Reclamation Service.
And this commission after a year
and a half of field investigation made
a short official report to Congress,
Comfort on Uaele Sam'a
Ample Breast.
"Cupid is one Of the best rvmlHni
ofBcers that Uncle Sam has," confided
one of the sergeants attached to the
recruiting headquarters. "Back of
nearly every enlistment there is a
woman in the case. Lovers' nimrrpla
chase a lot of fine lads into the serv
ice, your romantic youth gravitates
to the recruiting office after a serious
break with his sweetheart as naturally
as a duck takes to water. It seems
to him the most fitting way in which
to sacrifice himself when love's young
dream is apparently "dispelled. Way
down In bis heart he nurses the idea
of making his erstwhile Inamorata
sad, and it's the army or navy, with
the possibility of death In battle, for
him. Again, other first class material
Is recruited by the desire of young
fellows to sport a uniform before their
girls. In such cases Cupid does his
recruiting through vanity. But In both
ways he manages to fill up big gaps
In the ranks of Uncle Sara's fighters."
One of the richest boys in the world
Is the adopted son of the late million
aire, Zeigler. He Is fourteen years old
and will inherit nearly $20,000,000.
III V ja, '
HOMESTEAD ENTRY IN EASTERN OREGON OF JOHN J. MtTHPHT.
Made to Secure Valuable Timber Lands. Entryman Is cook In an adjoining Lumber Camp
those who were buying hundreds of
such claims and then went looking for
rurtner speculation.
Typical Cases of Fraud.
These three cases are cited simply
because they are typical of thousands
and hundreds of thousands of instan
ces which could be related of the
great west where the government
still owns hnlf a billion acres of land,
although another half billion have
passed into private ownership under
the various loose and really fraudu
lent land laws with which the statute
book is defiled.
which was published as Senate Docu
ment 154, 58th Congress, 3d Session.
It is herewith published in part,
showing as it does the necessity for
energetic action by Congress on one of
the most vital questions of the day,
namely, the correction of the national
abuse .which is taking away from the
American homesneker the opportunity
to acquire a piece of land and rear
thereon a home for himself and his
family. This subject will be further
considered in next week's issue, which
will include an additional section of.
this report.
68tth Congress, i
3d Session
SENATE
J DOCUMKN
1 NO, 1M.
PUBLIC LANDS COMMISSION
MESSAGE
FROM THE
Edwin Booth for a long time aver
aged twenty-five cigars each day.
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
SUBMITTINO
THE SECOND PARTIAL REPORT OF THE PUBLIC LANDS COM
MISSION, APPOINTED OCTOBER 22, 1903, TO REPORT UPON
THE CONDITION, OPERATION, AND EFFECT OF THE PRESENT
LAND LAWS.
To the Senate and House of Representatives:
I submit herewith the second partial report of the Public Lands Com
mission, appointed by me October 22, 1903, to report upon the condition,
operation, and effect of the present land Inws and to recommend such
ehanges os are needed to effect the largest practical disposition of the pub
lic lands to actual settlers who will build homes upon them and to secure
have concluded to submit this second partial report bearing upon some of
in permanence the fullest and most effective use of the resources of the
public lands. The subject Is one of such magnitude and importance that I
the larger features which require Immediate attention without waiting for