Oregon City courier., November 10, 1905, MAGAZINE SECTION, Image 11

CITY COURIER
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PAGES 1 TO 4,
OREGON
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MAGAZINE SECTIOX.
OREGON CITY, OREGON, F11IDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1905
hi
k PRESIDENT'S CABINET.
SOME SECRETARIES HATE AT
TAINED GREATER FAME THAN
THEIR CHIEF.
While Appointments Are Political,
the Cabinet Is Usually the Presi
dent's Closest Adviser.
James S. Henry.
According to the old saw "it takes
nine tailors to make a man," so in the
Government of the United States it
takes nine Cabinet officers to make
an administration. Primarily Ameri
can cabinet officers are selected to be
come the heads of the nine great ex
ecutive departments of the Govern
ment. As one star differeth from an
other star in glory so one cabinet offi
cer differs from another in opportun
ity, ability and the power to make a
lasting impression upon the history of
the country. These nine heads of de
partments are chosen by the Presi
dent and although the approval of the
Senate of the United States is required
to make their appointment legal and
constitutional, the preference of the
Executive Is invariably respected and
the nine Cabinet officers represent his
personal choice, so far as politics
leaves him a free agent.
To be a member of the President's
Cabinet has filled the ambition of many
statesmen. It Is a place only one re
move from that to which all native
born citizens of the United States have
a right to aspire the Presidency it
self. If there have been disappoint
ments and unrealized ambitions on the
part of the great men who have been
President the world has not heard of
them. The disappointments, the dis
couragements, the disillusionment, the
restrictions that have been experienced
by statesmen who had hoped to
achieve glory and fame as Cabinet offi
cers can be read in the national rec
ords from the foundation of the Gov
ernment to the present time. Fail
ire to accomplish great plans and to
realize hopes of a lasting place in his
tory has sent many Cabinet officers
Til
IB .'mi 1 - " . ' i'V K X-if- Ja IB
Copyright 1904, Clinedlnst. Wash. D.C.
PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AND HIS CABINET 1904.
Taft, WilBon, Hay, Morton, Hitchcock, Moody, Wynne, Metcalf, Shaw.
embittered and disappointed back into
private life.
May Not be Personal FrtenJs.
While the President of the United
States is entitled to choose the nine
gentlemen who shall sit about his
council table as his Cabinet advisor3,
the political system in effect in the
United States often robs this selection
of its personal character. A newly
elected President may know of nine
men In his circle of business, social and
political acquaintances whom he would
like to have around him as counsellors
and whom he believes would make ef
ficient heads 0 departments in the
administration of Government laws
and business. -The exigencies of poli
tics, however, usually compel him to
choose his Cabinet officers from differ
ent sections of the country and in ac
knowledgement of certain potent influ
ences, sometimes commercial, some
times economic, sometimes religious,
and often purely political that helped
make his election sure. The Chief
Executive before deciding upon the
composition of his Cabinet inquires
carefully into the qualifications, Ubility
and character of the men whom he will
invite to sit at his council table, but
it often happens that the first time he
has come in personal contact with his
future advisor is when he meets him
to extend the invitation to him to en
- ter the Cabinet.
In the economy of Go-"tnjen(. vad
In the social life at the nation's Cap
ital, an American Cabinet officer oc
cupies a commanding position, but in
the accomplishment of grpat deeds of
statesmanship and as a power in fash
ioning the policies of the nation, the
Cabinet minister's own personality, his
ability and genius can alone make
success. There are conspicuous ex
amples in the history of the United
States where Cabinet ministers havb
dominated the Executive and carved
theii" name? higher on the pillar of
fame than the Presidents with whom
they served. The impress made on
national affairs by such men as Daniel
Webster, John C. Calhoun and James
fi. Blaine, as ministers of state, i
ereater than that of many Presidents
sf the United States. It is not neces
jary to refer to musty history for ex
imples of Cabinet ministers who have
iron international fame. The late John
tf ay, Secretary of Stats under Presi-
dent McKlnley and President Roose
velt, seems yet a living actual per
sonality in the affairs of the world. If
no other monument had been establish
ed by his long public service, the "open
door" policy for which he obtained rec
ognition in the Far East would mark
his statesmanship for all time. With
uis colleague, Elihu Root, who is now
his successor, he shared the glory of
the laie President McKinley's admin
istration in which both men were su
perlative influences.
Sherman's Earlier Fame.
Going back a little further we find
the late John Sherman standing as
the monument of sound finance and
marking the otherwise colorless Hayes
administration from 1877 to 1881 as an
epoch in the financial history of the
country. In the days of the Civil War,
Stanton, at the head of the War De
partment, earned the name of being
the greatest Secretary of War the
United States ever had and was the
mainstay of the immortal Lincoln in
the laser's heartbreaking experiences
with traitors, politicians and self-seeking
army officers. The 130 years of
national life of the United States fur
nished many brilliant examples of
what a Cabinet officer can accomplish
and the influential part he can play in
the achievements of an administration.
It depends largely upon the- Presi
dent oi the United States to what ex
tent a Cabinet officer may achieve
prominence In national affairs. Dur
ing the last generation most of the
Presidents of the United States have
been men of iron will and command
ing personality. Most of them; how
ever, have depended upon members of
their Cabinet for expert advice on
great national and international issues.
In the administration of Grant, Cleve
land, Harrison, McKinley and Roose
velt certain of their ministers were
pre-eminent in the direction of affairs
of state and domestic policies. These
Presidents were and are strong men,
but ever ready to listen to the advice
and appreciate the statemanshlp of the
strong men they had chosen for their
Cabinet.
Different Treatment of Cabinets.
Each President has had his own
conception of the functions of a Cab-
inet officer. Each one has adopted
his own method of Cabinet corulta
tion. President Roosevelt might be
said to have a Cabinet of specialists.
He has selected men whom he believed
peculiarly fitted to administer the at
tairs of the different departments. At
the bi-weekly Cabinet meetings, which
are held when the President is in his
executive office in Washington, each
Cabinet officer presents a short re
sume of the condition of his depart
ment. If there is any matter that has
arisen under his jurisdiction that is of
a widespread, general character it is
reserved for discussion by himself and
the President, and perhaps one or two
other members of the Cabinet who re
main after the formal meeting. Great
questions of national and international
policy are not matters of general dis
cussion in Mr. Roosevelt's Cabinet.
They are taken up and debated by the
President and those Cabinet officers
whom he believes are specially quali
fied to give expert opinion upon them.
The late President McKinley had an
entirely different method and the
meetings of his Cabinet were actual
state councils. Every matter affecting
the nation at large or bearing upon our
international relations was brought up
at these meetings and each one of the
President' advisors was requested to
submit h.s opinion. The Secretary of
Agriculture was asked for his views
on the advance on Pekin, while the
opinion pf the Secretary of State on
the type of battleships to be adopted
by the Navy was welcomed. Mr. Mc
Kinley believed in this way that he se
cured the best results and it also gave
his cabinet officers an opportunity to
exhibit whatever of talent or genius
of statesmanship they possessed.
To Remove a Tight Ring.
A iery simple way of removing a
very tight ring from the finger is to
take a piece of small cord or wrapping
thread and push- one end of it under
the ring. Then, taking hold of the
other end of the string, begin winding
arouiid the finger from close up against
the ring to the very tip of the linger.
Then, to remove the ring, take hold
of the end of the cord that was slipped
under the ring and unwind the cord.
As the unwinding progresses the ring
will be carried along with it and re
moved without difficulty.
LEPERS IN AMERICA.
Three Hundred of Them In Twenty
Mates-arid 1 erritor.es.
"Unclean, unclean." This is a cry
which has struck terror to the hearts
of many people who have journeyed
through the Orient and our Asiatic
and Pacific possessions, but it has
probably never ocurred to them, that
in the United States proper there are
nearly 300 lepers. These are scatter
ed over 20 states and territories, but
the states of Louisiana, California,
Florida, Minnesota and North Dakota
SENATOR CRANE OF MASSACHUSETTS.
hayra nil Vint nlinnr KO. Ovpr 155 Cases
are In Louisiana alone; a number of
these, however, are among people who
have come from Southern Europe. In
something line 1UO cases tne disease
was contracted In this country.
Tor Federal Supervision.
Senator W. M. Crane, who succeed
ed the late Senator Honr, at the last
session of Congress introduced a bill
providing for government supervision.
It was passed by the Senate, but
when It came up for consideration
at the hands of the Representatives,
Delegate Rodey of New Mexico,
smarting under the sting left by the
failure of his statehood plans, charged
that the provision in this bill which
planned to locate a leper colony on
some abandoned military, reservation
was, In fact, a plan to foist the
"unclean" upon New Mexico, as there
are several abandoned reservations in
that territory.
The bill failed to pass the House.
It is believed that Senator Crane pro
poses to again Introduce this bill ear
ly in the next session. It will be in
troduced in a somewhat different man
ner from the old one. It will provide
for a "Lepers Home" instead of
"Leprosarium", as this latter term
conveyed the impression that the dis
ease was more prevalent in the Unit
es States than it really is.
To Search For Cure.
Leprosy was regarded by the Israel
ites as incurable. In fact the records
of ancient times show the great fear
in winch it has always been he d.
Medical science has learned little or
nothing regarding leprosy. One of
the strongest arguments for the care
or the "unclean" is, that such an lnsti
tutlon would make possible a careful
study of the disease and, perhaps, in
time result, in the discovery of a
cure, xuere is a government institn
tion for tLe care of lepers In Hawaii,
LEPER AT WALLS OF JERUSALEM.
at Molok.il, whore often a leper Is sep
arated from his family by forcible
means. Tatliers nnd mothers are tak
en from their children, a child from
it? parents, a friend from friend and
all this at a time when the afflicted
is to all intents and purposes perfect
ly welL. Government officials state,
however, that is not the idea In the
establishment of this new institution
under the Crane bill, to take any leper
from his family by forcible means.
The plan will be merely to isolate nil
cases.
r.
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MILADY'S DIAMONDS;
HISTORY OF THE NECKLACE.
ITS MANUFACTURE AFFORDS
MUCH EMPLOYMENT.
Raw Diamonds as Dug Are Com
paratively (.heap Great Cost Comes
I rom the Polishing, Cutting and
Filling.
One morning last spring there ap
peared in the London papers graphic
descriptions of the arrival a South
ampton of the "Cullman," the 3,032
curat (25 oz.) diamond found in the
Premier mine, Johannesburg, in Jan
uary. Detailsof the appearance of
the two agents from South Africa, the
black bag carried by the older and
said to contain the biggest diamond in
tlie world, the crowd at the docks, the
detectives sent from Scotland Yard,
tilled a column. As a matter of fact,
the Culllnun made the trip from
Johannesburg to London in an ordln-
lib '4i
j'
This necklace took the highest award at the Saint Louis Exposition.
Its Value is $!-;o,ooo. It contains French Crown Diamonds presented
bvNatolean to Josephine on their divorce, and which later passed
Yhriih lyMds'inclHding the notorious Mme. Humbert. It has
alZvs broueht disaster to the possessor. It also contains two big
tSwhkhedatnffMtoksfor "Boss" Tweed of New York s
ihre, fdlmo ids from LadJ Hope's (May VoAe) collection ; Alvin Joslin
gems and kaximillian 'diamonds. Exhibited by Maurice Bower of
'ew York.
aty, inconspicuous package through
the registered mail, postage two shill
ings. It is not impossible that the
Southampton romance was conceived
nnd paid for at advertising rates by
the owners or underwriters to divert
attention, for the diamond was valued
at four million and insured for two
and a half million dollars.
Two more large diamonds have since
been found in the same mine, one
weighing 334 carats and the other 400
carats. One wonders-who can afford
to buy these stones. It will cost enor
mousiy to put them on the market.
Most diamonds are sold outright by
thfi miner to the cutter, and one of the
biggest South African diamond kings
has said that the margin or pront up
on which the entire diamond industry
is carried on is but little larger than
t'ae percentage of gain in any other
line of business.
The lewellers of Paris claim that in
proportion as the value of the dia
monds in a necklace decreases, so does
tie cost of setting increase. A dia
mond necklace that sells for $14,000
has cost the jeweller $000 in mount
ing, while one that sells for $200,000
will require an expenditure of only
$300 in the mounting. From the
$109,700 remaining in the latter case,
still further deduction must be maue
for the expense of preparing the
stones. The figures obtained on a
$200,000 necklace in a Paris shop indi
cated that the diamonds composing it
were valued at much less than $89,000
when roueh. The woman who buys
such an ornament contributes more to
the actual prosperity of the working
class than many or tne so-caiieu
social reformers who rave at her ex
travagance.
How Diamonds are Cut.
So far. Europe has been the center
of the diamond-cutting industry, in
Amsterdam there are more than 15.000
cutters, in Antwerp 3,000, in the Jura
Mountain district 000, in I'ans 200
and In London only 150. They are
divided into three classes, cleavers,
sliapers and polishers. The cleaver
examines the rough diamond, and if
he finds a flaw cuts it into as many
perfect gems as the grain of the car
bon will permit For this purpose the
rough stone is set in a mold to which
it is securely attached with aluminum,
and then applied to the cutting tool-
circular saw about 5 inches in diam
eter, made of soft copper, with a mix-
ture of oil and diamond dust rubbed
into the edge. The saw rotates at a
tremendous speed, being turned by a
leather belt running from an engine.
An expert cleaver, if paid so much per
diamond cut could make from $(30 to
$80, and as one cleaver, furnishes
work for 50 or 60 shapers, would
quickly work himself out of a job.
Consequently, he prefers to go slowly
and receive a monthly wage of $120.
The shapers or "bruteurs" outline
the form in which the diamond will
ultimately appear. In this operation,
the "bruteur" takes two stones of siin
ilnr size and hardness, lits each into
a metal cap, sets one in a machine
that resembles a carpenter's lathe, and
as it revolves the second stone Is
pressed against it. The dust caused
by the friction is caught in a tiny box.
Kofore the invention of this machine,
the "bruteur" held the diamonds be
tween the thumb and forefinger of
each hand and rested the little lingers
on the sides of the tank, which is
made of brass. In time the constant
pressure on the brass wore the sides
of the box into grooves, while the
continued effort of rubbing the dia
monds against each other brought on
a nervous jerking of the . earms,
and the strained attitude of the head,
always bent forward to watch 'he
shaping of the gems, caused gi.t
swellings at the back of the neck.
Usually the "bruteur" spends three
days on the shaping of a stone and
makes from $2.0 to $3.00 a day.
The polisher wuo makes the facets,
uses a machine which carries a metal
disc placed horizontally and revolving
at the rate of 2,800 revolutions per
minute. The disc is of steel with a
preparation of diamond dust and puri
fied olive oil rubbed into the surface,
By means of a copper holder and a
Every reader of this paper should have this book.
Cut off the coupon and mail to us with $1.50.
Illustrated
by
Ernest
Haskell
The
1
Missourian
The romantic adventures of John Dinwiddle DHscnll (nicknamed "The Storm Centr
at 11.. r.... r 1 . . . . ... . .
m.imiian in mexico, wnere
w.L.. uiul ui mo ueauuiui jacqutnne. ins
cent years.
'liaivhatto few of itt clast poueja, the
" "V juu 0 uemu, vemtmwiuae, euggettion."
St. Louis Bepubllo
a rtmaritame Jlrst book, of epic breadth,
ncervingly. A brillian t story." . Y. Times
j ncre 11 no more aramaitc period in
story bairs every evidence careful and
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE &
CO.
133-137 East 16th St., New York.
metal fork which form part f tJu
apparatus, the diamond is held against
the revolving disc, and as sometlipec
a stone less than an eighth of an Incli
in diameter has 100 facets, great nice
ty on the part of the workman ii re
quired, and the position of the dia
mond is changed more than 100 times
before the requisite lustre and llDigk
are secured. The polisher works al
ways with a magnifying glass, and
makes from $3.00 to $4.00 a day. .
Three Hundred Diamonds In Necklace
In the $200,000 necklace mentioned
there were 300 diamonds. Allowing
three days' brutnge (rough shaping),
and three months' polishing on each,
the sum expended for these two iteme
alone amounts to $110,700.
After the stones arrived at the jew
eller's, they had, of course, to be
mounted. To this end the big snopt
of Paris employ a staff of designers,
goldsmiths, llvcrsmittis, setters ana
polishers. Usually, the designers are
men who hnve come into the shop In t
less important capacity, shown talent,
been sent by the firm to ah art sebeol
and put through a course of strne-
tion. According to his ablllt, de
signer earns from $00 to $160 a month.
He may work for months without pro
ducing a single sketch that goes to the
studios, then in a week he will turm
out two or three that meet the diffi
cult taste of the employer. Deslgnt
are done in water colors.
In Paris, the real jeweller is not the
owner of the shop, but the craftsmat
who fashions the gold or platinum In
to the skeleton that holds the prociowe
stones. In America be Is called a
gold or silversmith. Each separate
clasp or em-holder, goes first to the
polisher. Then to a jeweller who
assembles, or joins together, the entire
frame for the necklnce, tiara, or
whatever the design may call for, and
again to the polisher.
The setter, as his name Indicates,
fastens or sets the diamonds into the
framework, and sends It on a last visit
to the polisher.
Polishers are Women.
The polishers are usually women.
As a rule they work in groups of five
or six under a patroness, who keeps
a little apnrtment in a nnirow street
of Montmartre, Galllon, Mail, or some
other cheap and crowded quarter, of
Paris. With good luck the patroness
makes from $1,000 to $1,200 a year.
The polishers are taken as apprentices
at 14 years of age. At 10 they may
get forty to sixty cents a day, and at
18 a dollar to a dollar twenty.
The labor of all these craftsmen oa
the necklnce in mind amounted to
about $300, which added to $110,700
for preparing the diamonds, and
deducted from the selling price of
$200,000 left only $89,000 to cover cost
of rough stones, Incidental expense of
handling, etc., could not have left
any phenomenal profit for the mine
owner who d.ug end delivered them to
the cutter. Such a necklace is said to
furnish work enough to support 400
families for a year. Of course, thit
does not take into consideration tlif
workers in the mines, nor the heavy
staff of clerks and officials necessary
to carry on the big diamond producing
fields. The business of finishing th
raw diamond for the final purchaser
offers the best paid labor to be found
in Europe. Owing to the duty on cut
gems brought into this country, Amer
ican dealers are building up a similar
industry in the United States, and it
is rational to suppose that the crafts
men employed in this country wilt
receive even still higher wages than
those paid abroad.
f Hare Several Lives.
"At this height," said the guide, as
they paused on the mountain side tj
gnze down the valley, fnr below, "peo
ple with weak lungs often die."
"Wonderful country, wonderful cli
mate," murmured the rlsitor.
"How's that?" said the guide, sus
piciously. "Why I suppose of course you have
a way of bringing them to life again
for the next Vlylng."
By
Eugene P. Lyle, Jr.
Published August 1st
1STH
THOUSAND
ALREADY
All Bookstores,
.11.00
ma secret roissii n comes into conflict
Best romantic American aovel ol i
elements of reolityurougM
carried through n- V
Saturday ItuTiew
history, and the
painstakina
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