CITY COURI
MAGAZINE SECTION.
OREGON CITY, OREGON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 3, ,1905.
PAGES 1 TO 4.
OREGON
HOME OF WASHINGTON.
HOW WOMEN PAVED THE WAT
FORRESTORA TION OFMT. VERNON
Historic Place Is Now Exactly as it
Looked During the Lifetime of
Great Statesman-General -Thous-
i ands Visit It Annually.
The bell Is lolling, the band playing
"Nearer My God to Thee" and the
passengers know, even before they
raise their eyes to the fair sweep of
Virginia's shore line, that the steamer
is passing Mount Vernon. A pretty
custom the tolling of the bell and the
playing of the fine old hymn. A hush
falls on the crowded decks, and ope
" !;! ;!
if. V
WASHINGTON AND LAFAYETTE.
From a Painting at Mount Vernon.
feels the thrill of patriotism stirring
the hearts of the people.
But do the thousands who annually
sail down the Potomac to visit the
stately home of George Washington
know that to a woman's initiative is
due the restoration and preservation of
the beautiful Mount Vernon of to-day?
Away back in 1853 this home was in
a rapidly deteriorating condition. John
Augustine Washington, a son of Gen
eral Washington's nephew, was the
owner of the estate. The descendants
of Washington evidently did not inherit
the clear business sense of their illus
trious ancestor, for in General Wash
ington's time the farm yielded a hand
some income. Now the fields were ly-
for future generations this home of
Cueral George Washington.
In this connection it is interesting
to know that during the ten-day annual
meet of the Board of Regents in the
month of May, a banquet is given to
the Governor of Virginia. After the
feast is ended and the toasts are drunk,
the entire association conduct the Gov
ernor about the house and grounds,
that he may know, by personal observa
tion, that the pact entered Into so long
ago is being faithfully kept.
It Is the custom of the ladles of the
association to live at Mount Vernon
during the yearly session. At this
time the old home wears an air of un
wonted gaiety. The kitchen gives out
the most appetizing odors, and, stimu
lated to unusual activity by tales of the
old days, the corp of Virginia servants
are anxious to show their fitness for
the honor of "servin' de ladies." Even
the brick oven, a relic of colonial days,
Is called into use, the beautifully
browned bread, pies and cakes attest
ing its 'superiority.
Thirty States Represented.
The Mount Vernon Ladies' Associa
tion is a most exclusive body. It is
composed of a regent, who is president
of the association, and a vice-regent
from each of the States of the Union.
Thirty States are now represented.
The women are justly proud of the
work that has been and is being accom
plished, and so value their places in
the council that it has become a cus
tom for the office of vice-regent to de
scend from mother to daughter or
other near relative. When a vacancy
occurs in the council the Governor of
the State is invited to nominate some
prominent woman; but should the
name not receive the favorable consid
eration of the regent and vice-regents
no appointment is made until one ac
ceptable to all is proposed.
Miss Cunningham, the first regent,
lived at Mount Vernon from 1868 to
1873, when she resigned on account of
ill health. She died the following
year. The present regent is Mrs. Jus
tine Van Kennseiaer xownsena, or jnbw
York. .
During the Civil War, though in the
verr midst of the conflict, Mount ver
non en.a;'ed serious injury. This was
mainly due to the heroism of Miss
Tracy, the secretary of tne association,
who took up her abode at Mount Ver-
STEM INDUSTRIAL CRASH.
STANDARD OIL MAGNATE PRE
DICTS CRISIS AND SUGGESTS
PAllATIVE MEASURES.
Wn..IH H.iip Nntlnn Retrln Work Of
lnet intprAnl Improvements. Ex
Meiine of France Also
Sounds Warning.
J, H. SHANNON.
That the land is the source of all
real wealth, has been said by philoso
phers time out of mind, and now with
the urban districts draining irom xue
country much of the flower of its man
hood the cry is going up from the lips
of legions of wise men, "Back to the
Land!" All manner of colonization
projects are being devised and tried
for the purpose of diverting foreign
immigration 'from the cities to fields
and to relieve the pressure of conges
tion in the over-grown centers.One
!n which I jV: - 7: : . 1
Lived. u -- - i vr . . 1
I IK-, .--.....- vi. imiiiw miii. 'mat mmmttuitr Vlln -I
onse
The Kitchen as
it was a
Hundred Ypars
ing unfilled and useless, and the house
and outbuildings were showing signs
of the passing of the years. The glory
of that splendid home was departing.
A Woman's Work.
To the great credit of John Augus
tine Washington it is related that he
refused absolutely to consider proposi
tions advanced by private companies
and individuals to purchase the estate,
to be converted later into a pleasure
resort. Think of the desecration a
vaudeville performance on that magni
ficent stretch of lawn, waiters bearing
their burdens of food and drink
through those stately halls, the daily
uproar of irreverent crowds.
And then came Miss Ann Pamela
Cunningham, of South Carolina. She
- visited Mount Vernon in 1853 and was
shocked and grieved at the fate in
store for the historic spot. She con
ceived the plan of rousing the women
of her beloved southland to the true
state of affairs and enlisting their co
operation in the raising of a fund of
$200,000, the price asked for the house
outbuildings, wharfage, garden and
some two hundred acies of farmlands.
So she went to work, and it must be
remembered that fifty years ago it took
nos small amount of bravery for a
woman to inaugurate and carryon a
undertaking of such magnitude! Bu'
after five years of effort the whol of
the $200,000 was in hand. It wa
found impracticable to confine the
propaganda to the Southern States, so
the North was invited to assist, which
she did in generous measure.
At the close of 1858 the Mount Ver
non estate was purchased and the tit'e
passed to the Mount Vernon Ladies'
Association of the Union.
Freed from Taxation.
A charter was secured from the State
of Virginia, granting exemption from
taxation, the association in return
binding itself to the task of restoring
to its original condition and preserving
non, accompanied by only a few serv
ants. Miss Cunningham, the regent,
was prohibited from crossing the mili
tary lines and could not join her. For
four long years Miss Tracy remained at
the lonely home, managing the estate
and guarding the buildings.
The plan of the rehabilitation of
Mount Vernon, by returning to its
rooms the original furnishings, or arti-
I :f ' si
fi5a:i''.'.l'' ire
J. D. ROCKEFELLER AND HIS NEW WIG.
feature of the ominous flow of people
to the cities is the phenomenal develop
ment of manufactures. There may
come a time when manufactures will
so overbalance agriculture that there
will not be enough basic wealth pro
duced to afford a profitable market
fori fllie factory-mnde goods. Wlien
the industrial situation shall become
so unbalanced, a commercial crash of
stupendous magnitude must ensue.
As Helpless Babes.
Then the . city-trained men who
know not how to make bread-out of
the soil will clamor for work, curse
the economic condition of the period,
denounce the state, threaten the re
public with nil sorts of fantastic theo-
les, and there will be acute friction
between the few rich and the multi
tude of poor. Gradually men will
drift back to the land and learn to
make their living with the plow and
reaper and a sntlsfactory equilibrium
between agriculture and manufactures
will once more be reached. Before
this result is attained, there wil!
be intense suffering. Families that
are in comfortable circumstances will
know the meaning of misery, and
families now affluent will full into
beggary. All this is not a dream.
Men of clearest vision see it coming.
Rockefeller's Prophecy of Panic
It is what Mr. John D. Rockefeller
sees when he predicts, as he did in a
recent interview "an industrial crisis
of world-wide extent and unprece
dented severity."
Mr. Rockefeller says the' crisis will
be brought on by overproduction in
all lines. The Standard Oil magnate
f f -( ' I
I I J . ' r
impends will be precipitated by over
production of manufactured goods.
He snys "Consumption must have Its
bounds, and so with the consumption
of manufactured articles. When la
man has filled all bis requirements in
clothea and furniture a mere lowering
of prices, which is all that mechanical
improvements generally mean nowa
days, can no longer attract him.
Therefore, when the output is not re
strained the market necessarily . be
comes choked."
Mr. Rockefeller is specific as to the
time when the crash is to occur. It Is
likely that he errs iiuthis, because pre
dictions as to periods of depression
and readjustment are seldom fulfilled
as to dates. Crises as a rule come un
expected and the immediate reason is
most apt to be due to over-expansion
of credit, and overproduction of secur
ities than to actual overproduction of
goods; but when to the cause of over
expanded credits is added overproduc
tion ef manufactures - and a lop-sided
industrial system, recovering from the
crash 1b more difficult
Day of Distress Near.
The richest man in America is posi
tive, however, that the crash will come
about 1907 year after next and so
sure is he that the trouble is on its
way, that he is already weaving a
plan to provide work for those who
will be thrown out of employment.
and thus ameliorate the panic. lie is
certain 'that the number of men who
will need help will be about 7,000, 000,
and when is added to those men the
number of dependents, the total is ap
palling. Mr. 'Rockefeller thinks this
vast army of unemployed should be
set to work by the government on in
ternal improvements, the building of
new roads, improvement of old ones.
dredging of streams, irrliratlncr In nil.
etc. He ays;
Vast Plan of Construction.
"There is pnoneh labor todnr npodprl
on the public highways to employ all
tne iaie or surplus moor ror a century.
The improvement of the roads, the
dredoiiiK streams, and esnocinllv nf
the Mississippi, where annually mill
ions oi aamage is oone oy tne over
flow, the irrigation of nrid lnnris. thn
preservation of forests and thf drnin.
age of the swamps are the great pub
lic promems tnat snouid be occupying
the public mind. Municipal, state and
national laws should be enacted now
for the building of roads, so that
when the industrial storm comes it
will not be too late to breast it"
Q
THE TARIFF PROBLEM.
REVISION AND ANTI-REVISION
SENTIMENTS IN WASHINGTON.
Speaker Cannon between Two Fires
Question to be a Live One During
the Next Session of Congress.
It is rather amusing to those who
are on the Inside of the political arena
in Washington to observe the manner
In which discussions of the tariff are
conducted throughout the country. In
an academic way the theories of the
tariff are talked over. But to the men
on whom the real work of revising the
tariff would devolve there are very dif
ferent considerations to Influence them.
They openly declare that the tariff
ought to be revised, but they say the
danger to business interests would be
so great that they fear undertaking it
They insist that a struggle over the
schedules would last six months, and
that during that time the business in
terests would be suffering stagnation
that would afflict the country very
sorely.
This view Is scouted by the revision
ists as one that has no standing with
men who believe In doing things. They
claim that if such considerations are
to prevail there never could be a re
vision of the tariff.
i
So Easy To Revise.
Not long ago the difficulties In
agreeing upon changes in the Dingley
over the revision of the tariff. He de
clared that it would be an easy job
As Simple as Can Be.
"What would you do . with th
tariff?" he was asked.
"Why," he replied, "It's as simple a
can be. AH you have to do is to lower
the tariff on woolen goods and to maka
a big reduction In the shoe schedules.
Practically that would satisfy every
one, and if you did no more the coun
try would be pleased."
The Illinois representative was In
formed that he had been preceded by
a member from Massachusetts who
thought that all that would be neces
sary would lie to put coal, hides and
wool on the free list
"Hides on the free list!" exclaimed
the Illinois speaker. "Not while I
have the strength to stay here to fight
it."
"Now you see what an easy thing It
Is to revise the tariff." said the
speaker
"If I was God," again remarked the
speaker in his quaint style, "I would
make some changes In the tariff. I
would put them Into effect before any
body knew what they were to be made.
Then there would be no unsettling of
business and at least some people
would be happy."
Question an Absorbing One.
What alarms so nwuiy prominent
protectionists Is whnt they claim 1
the danger of unsettling the business
conditions of the country. The the
oretical adjustment of the tariff ac
cording to the principles of protecttoft
PV. w,
From the WashlngtonPosf
"Ordinarily my experience has been that bears were not greatly flur
ried when I suddenly came upon them." Theodore Roosevelt in Scribe
tier s for October.
OLD FASHIONED GARDEN' AT MOUNT VERNON.
cles similar in design and construction,
is generally understood. But every
woman should know and remember
that to the loyal, patriotic women of
the land belongs the credit of saving
from ruin and obliteration the fine old
home of the Father of his country.
does not stand alone as a prophet of
impending evil. Essentially the same
prediction Is made by Senator Jules
Melinc, once premier of France, and
a man of keen perception, penetration
and of broad understanding. This
etateman says that the crisis which
JULES MELINE,
It makes no difference whether Mr.
Rockefeller be, right or wrong in his
forecast of a gathering storm, his plan
for the employment of surplus labor
i3 a practical and profitable one and
ins enumeration of road building, riv
er improvement irrigation, forest pres
ervation vand swamp draining, as the
truly great national problems is phil
osophic. The work needs to be done,
and eventunlly 1t must be done, if the
United States Is to progress. Waste
Is national loss waste by flood and
drought as well a? wnste by fire.
Every acre of land should be made to
pay. The government promotes re
search and experimentation in agri
culture, with a view to increasing the
effectiveness of tillage; there is no
reason why it should not give counte
nance and support to reclamation of
and and the enchancement of the fer
tility of land already under culture.
It is the land the farm, which is the
pedestal of the republic.
There should be no effort to mini
mize the worth of manufactures-
processes that work up the raw prod
ucts of the earth into serviceable
forms. The ores from which are ob
tained the metals of commerce are as
much a product of the land as corn,
wheat and cotton not as Drlmarilv
Important, but quite as necessary to
man In his present hlchly organized
socinl state. It is difficult to draw
'the line between some of the basic
manufactures and agriculture, for the
Iron furnaces and steel mills build the
railroads and bridges which give
farmers a short-cut to markets.
French Statesman Also Predicts
Panic.
But the point is, that where manu
factures develop out of proportion to
the growth cf agriculture, the world
Is being turned wrong side up. Mr.
Meiine In declaring that the overpro
duction of manufactures will lead to
an industrial crash, says; "There Is
room for everyone under the sun, but
on condition of sharing up the good
things of the earth, instead of concen
trating upon one department of activity."
schedules were Illustrated by rep
esentatives who called on Speaker
Cannon. It happened that one day
a prominent Massachusetts member
called to Impress the speaker with the
easy manner in which the tariff might
be revised.
"You Bee," declared the Massachu
setts member, "we all make too much
over the difficulties in revising the
tariff. It would really be very sim
ple. We would only have to put hides,
wool and coal on the free list and the
country would Ibe practically satisfied.
We might do more, but that would
really be enough. There could be no
difficulty in coining to an agreement
on that merely a matter of a few
weeks."
The speaker listened Intently" as
he always does listen to advice. ' But
trailing on the heels of the Massachu
setts member came a representative
from Illinois who also wanted to re
vise the tariff. He started in the same
ns his predecessor. He thought there
was altogether too much fuss made
is having very little effect on them.
In fact the protectionists do not even
care to discuss that phase of the ques
tion. A revision of the tariff with the
declared purpose to simply lower the
schedules they say would have the
same effect on the country that they
claim would follow an attack on
the tariff principles by the free-trad--ors.
They claim that merchants would
not buy goods when lower tariff rates
might still further reduce the price
they would have to pay. That condi
tions lasting six months they fear
would upset all business conditions.
They sny It might mean panic
But they are likely to have their
views very forcibly contested by the
tariff revslonlsts next winter. The re
vlsionlstsfind the men who believe In
the principles of reciprocity are band
ing together to give battle in the halls
of Congress. The citadel is now dis
tinctly iu the control of the stand pat
ters and It Is to be seen what power
the revisionists will develop in contest
ing their ascendancy.
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Published August 1st
Illustrated
by
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