FIRING THE
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OUR NEW POSSESSION.
Facts About the Hawaiian Islands,
Over Which Our Flag Now Floats.
Hawaii Is of small area, being less
than that of a single Congressional dis
trict. But nineteen nations keep rep
resentatives at Honolulu to wateh their
Interests In the Islands. The only rea
son for this Is that the Islands hold the
key of the, Pacific Ocean, the largest
body of water on the globe, and control
the defenses of the western coast of
the United States.
Pox several years the people of Ila
.wa.ll have been Irving undor the Influ
ence of American civilization, speaking
and studying our language, recognizing
the stars and stripes as familiarly as
their own flag, copying the laws of the
A GI.IMFSK OF HAWAII.
United States and calling to the assist
ance of their rulers men of American
birth or aucestry. Even among their
holidays there are those of the Fourth
of July, Memorial Loy and Washing
ton's birthday. The group lias been un
der the virtual protectorate of the Uni
ted States for two generations. The
influences which have developed Its
commerce and made it a cjvllzed region
have all emanated from this country.
The essential public Interest attach
ing to Hawaii grows out of Its central
position In the commerce of the Taclflc
Ocean. Honolulu Is in the truck of all
steamers sailing to Australasia from
Ban Francisco or Puget Sound. Even
more precisely Is Honolulu tn the direct
route of one part of that enormous
traffic from Atlantic to Purine ports
Which owalts the cutting of the Nicar
agua ship canal to flow in a steady tide
through tho isthmus. All the trade
with China and Japan from American
ports on the Atlantic must take the
Nicaragua route It Is this Urge move
ment of ocean commerce impending, In
the Immediate future which lends the
most serious Importance to the political
relations of the Hawaiian Islands, Ev
ery ship from the Atlantic crossing the
Pacific to Asia will naturally sight tho
Hawaiian Islands, and every steamer
will be likely to replenish her coal
bunkers at Honolulu. This fact will
render the political condition and Inter
national relations of Hawaii of Import
once, Houolulu Is a convenient port of call
for steamers on the route between Cali
fornia and China. This tendency will
Increase with the coming growth of
Honolulu as a general calling and coal
ing station. It is also a natural port of
call and supply for ships to China from
Callao aud Valparaiso, Honolulu Is
thus the great crossroads of the Pacific
commerce.
More than this, Honolulu Is the only
crossroads of the north Pacific, This
port Is wholly aloue In Its commanding
position. It has absolutely no competi
tor. From the Marquesas to tho Aleu
tians Hawaii Is tho only land tn that
tremendous ocean expanse west of
America where a ship can call within
a space of 4,500 miles from San Fran
cisco, and 0,200 miles from Nicaragua,
By the geographical necessity of the
case everything centers at Honolulu
not merely as the most convenient port
of call, but as the only one.
Honolulu will have to provide for the
accommodation of from twenty to
J , , v, -- '
ROYAL PALACE AND GROUNDS, HONOLULU.
ANNEXATION SALUTE AT
thirty large, steamers per , month, to
gether with that of the colliers supply
ing them. This will be a formidable In
crease of business and must materially
affect the commercial, and with them
the political, relations of Hawaii.
The favorable position of Honolulu
will be materially enhanced by the ab
solute necessity of using those Islands
as the Intersecting point for telegraphic
cables across the Pacific. It Is obvious
that all cables between Australia and
the North American Pacific coast must
make Honolulu their first station.
Eight of the islands In the group are
Inhabited occupying a line of about 350
miles, beginning at Hawaii and run
ning west northwest to Kauai and Nll
hau. They receive a cool ocean current
from the northeast, with trade winds
from east northeast, that temper the
climate with a cool breeze but lightly
charged with moisture. The population
Is composed of pure Hawaiian, mixed,
foreigners of Hawaiian birth, Ameri
cans, British, Germans. Scandinavians,
French, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
and others.
The total commerce between Hawaii
and the United States In 1S01 amounted
to $10,002,809. Of this sum the imports
Into the United States were valued at
$13,895,507, while the exports to Ha
waii amounted to only $5,107,213.
The census of 1800 shows that the ex
ports of Hawaii "are now and have
been for some years past larger in pro
portion of Its population than those of
any other country In the world, Aus
tralia standing next on tho list In the
last ten years we have, with an average
population of not more than 8,000, ex
ported produce worth, In round num
bers, $00,000,000, or an average of near
ly $125 per annum for every man, wom
an and child In the country." Detroit
Free Press.
Theater -Going in Japan.
It will Interest many to hear that the
Japanese laws now prohibit a theatri
cal performance lasting more than
eight hours. The plays in the first
class theaters begin at 10 or 11, and
are not ended until after sunset There
are Intervals, of course, for refresh'
nient, and a recent Innovation Is a thea
ter-yard for exercise, lined with eating
booths aud fancy stalls. Boxes are se
cured three or fonr days beforehand
from a neighboring tea house, where
arrangements are made for attendance
and refreshments during the day. Full
dress Is never worn.
The following articles, unless other
wise ordered, are brought to each pat
rou: A program, a cushion, a tobacco
fire box, a pot of tea, cakes, frutt and
sushi, a sort of rice dumpling flavored
with vinegar and topped with a piece
of fish. Valuables may be left at the
tea bouse, and the Inclusive charge ex-
ceptlng the waiter's tip) Is not more
than 1.80 yen a head. The gallery is
the most aristocratic place, but the
Bpaeo unreserved, occupied by the Jap.
ariose "gods," Is quaintly called the
deaf gallery. Westminster Gazette,
Measurements In the Klondike.
Citizen By the way. I have been told
that the Klondike gold Is not worth so
much to the ounce as some othe
brands.
Returned Klondlker I couldn't say
as to that We never measured by less
than a ton. I haven't any Idea as to
ounce values. Odds and Ends.
Easy Way of llalaiu'lnir the Rooks.
"Bridget, you've broken as much
chlua this morning as your wages
amount to. Now, how can we prevent
this occurring again V
"Ol dou't know, mum, unless yei
raises me wages." Pearson's Weekly.
Wedlock holds a mau pretty close
when his wife doesu't allow him to car
ry a latchkey.
HONOLULU, vj
A FATAL SPOT.
Place Where Mary , Queen of Scots
Lost Her Crown.
Three hundred and fifty years ago on
the 13th of May Mary Queen of Scots
stood on a grassy knoll near the village
of Oathcart watching with feverish
Interest the movements of three bodies
of troops about a mile off In the fields
round Langslde. Eleven days before
she escaped from the castle of Lochlev
en and now the day had dawned which
was to decide whether she would ever
rule Scotland again. What the fates
had decreed Is written at large In the
pages of history and that story throws
a glamour of pathetic romance round
the spot on which Mary learned her
doom. For many years "Court Knowe,"
MAKT LOST HEI CROWN HERB.
as the knoll Is called, was marked by a
throne tree and when that decayed
Gen, Sir George Cathcart, who fell at
Inkerman, replaced rt with a rough
field-gate stone, on which be carved
with his own hands a crown, the
queen" initials and the date of the bat
tle. Later still, the General's nephew.
Earl Cathcart, built this memorial,
which Is of red granite and repeats the
Inscription of its predecessor. It may
be that Mary's life was a failure, but
she has her recompense now. Her story
still greatly stirs the hearts of men
and draws tho sympathetic pilgrim to
such shrines as this; Elizabeth, success
ful In life, Is regnrded afar off with
emotionless respect
SALVATION ARMY RECRUITS.
South African Notables Converted by
Lassies la Poke Bonnets.
The Salvation Army has recruits tn
South Africa. The chief Kafmar, whose
tribe was a terror to travelers and ex
plorers, has been converted by the
sweet-voiced lassies In the poke bon-
TUB CITIRF or THE
TniiiK.
THE WIPE OF THE
CHIEF.
nets. His wife Is a convert also. The
whole tribe has Ivecome civilized and
plain tea parties Instead of the "hot
pots" constitute their entertainments.
This Is considered a notable victory
for the army.
-
Monster Snnflsh.
A sunflsh weighing 488 pounds was
recently captured off the south side of
Nantucket by a party of fishermen and
brought Into town, where It was placed
on exhibition.
Museum Diversions.
"What alls the glass-eater?"
"lie got a bit of boue in the turkey
hash." .
"It Is a pretty name," the Impression
able traveler murmured. "But toll me,
why do they call you Manltar There
was an arch smile on the savage maid
en's face, "Evidently," she said, as she
Blgualed to her brothers, who were con
cealed in the brush with clubs, "you
did not know our favorite food." Har
lem Life.
MUSIC IN WAR.
Varlons Fnrnosct for Which Harmonic
tonntla Are Used Militarily.
To the present day, In all the armies
of the world, musical war signals are
considered not only useful, but abso
lutely Indispensable. The infantry drill
regulations of the United States army
give the music and significance of more
than sixty trumpet signals calls of
warning, of assembly, of alarm, of ser
vice, with such mimes as "guard
mounting," "drill." "stable," "to
arms," "fire," "retreat," "church," "fa
tigue," "attention." "forward," "halt,"
"quick time," "double time," "charge,"
"He down," "rise," etc., besides a dozen
or more drum-and-fife signals, all of
which must be known to the soldiers,
to whom they are a definite language,
In the senses of Wagnerian leitmotif.
Every one Is familiar with such ex
pressions as "drumming up recruits,"
"drumming out deserters," and so on.
Besides its Importance for signaling
purposes, there are no fewer than five
other uses for music In the army. A
few words about each of these must
suffice. ZoeUer, the African traveler,
says that "among all savage and half
civilized races, - song and dance are
considered na Indispensable aids to
military training, as drilling and drum
ming in our armies." The marvelous
precision with whk-h these primitive
races execute their war songs and
dances has been commented upon by
many admiring explorers; and as the
value of perfect drill and co-operation
Is well understood, music, which sup
plies the regularity of rhythm. Is seen,
to be of paramount Importance. When
our armies parade they always do so
to the measured beat of military band
or drum and fife.
Another very curious use of music In
war Is suggested by the word "panic."
The historian Rowbothnm says that
"all panic is derivable from trumpet
like sound, if we may trust the deriva
tion of the word, which refers the first
panic to the time when the great god
Pan put to flight an army by a sudden
shout" Many savages use wild songs
and shouts, or drums and horns, to In
spire terror and to create panic in the
enemy's ranks. So horrible Is the
sound i)f this music, both rn Itself and
by its bloody associations, that H is
said the Spanish settlers in some parts
of South America to this day cannot
hear the awful trumpets of the In
dians without being frightened. It is
Interesting to note that Homer repre
sents the Trojans as going to battle
with bowling war cries, while the
Greeks were silent, and that Thucy
dldcs makes Brasldas say, "They are
cowards who think they can frighten
us by their loud shouting;" thus Indi
cating that the more, civilized Greeks
did not resort to tills method of creat
ing panic. It Is believed that one cause
of the defeat of the Chinese In their
last war was that they at first relied
too much on the effect of their war
songs to frighten away the Japanese,
A military writer says that the drum
In the army Is used "especially for In
spiring the soldiers under the fatigue
of march or In battle." This function
of military music reminds one of the
primitive custom of singing In order
to facilitate work. It is recognized
by the greatest authorities Field Mar
shal Lord Wolseley, for Instance, wrote
not long ago. In the preface to the "Sol
dier's Song Book" that
"Troops that sing as they march will
not only roach their destination more
quickly and In better fighting condi
tion than those who march In silence,
but, Inspired by the music and words
of national songs, will feel that self
confidence which Is the mother of vic
tory." The German army Includes more
than 10,000 military musicians, able
bodied men who might as well be sol
diers. We may feel sure that the great
and shrewd commanders of the Ger
man army would not employ In times
of war such an enormous number of
musicians unless they believed that hi
this way these players could do more
good than an equal number of fighting
men, In other words, the Generals
fuSy appreciate and Indorse the utility
of music. Even In times of peace there
Is a use for these musicians; for they
make excellent bands, which, at their
dally parades and weekly concerts, not
only edify the military men, but enter
tain the populace, who thus gat some
return for the taxes they have to pay
to support the army.
Summing up the evolution of war
music, we see that Its original func
tion of Inspiring terror and creating a
panic was gradually abandoned; while
Irs usefulness as an aid In drilling, In
tactics, m signaling, In arousing cour
age and patriotic enthusiasm, In sus
taining flagging energies, and In pro
viding etrtertalnnient In times of war
and peace. Is now more fully acknowl
edged than ever. Forum.
Farmer's Independence.
Why do men prefer the privations
and battling and poverty of a city,
when on a farm there Is much of plen
ty, peace and wealth? "It's easier,"
says the carter, "to load a cart than to
grub a clearing." And so It Is, but the
brushland once made clear stays clear
ed, while carts that are laden empty
as fast as laden. The work with the
cart waxes harder with the age of the
carter. The cultivation of the land
grows easier year by year. Which Is
the more profitable ? liurai World.
Reverse Action.
The Elder Matron You shouldn't
mind the baby crying a little. It
otroncf hlMl hlS ItHlCS.
OWvuB" ' -
The Younger Matron Oh, no doubt;
. . i LI. ...L , T I I
put It weaKeus uis ituuer a religion so.
Indianapolis Journal.
A girl Is very much taken with
bloomers when she is photographed In
them.
Economy sometimes leads to wealth,
but usually the more economy tha
mora cost.
HIS LIFE'S THE
K f hi.
t ) FT
WHETX yon read the news of vio
Of batties fought and woo.
How the army of Invasion
Hade the bated Spanish run; . t
Did you ever pause a moment,
While the dons receive their does,'
And sort of take a tumble
To the boys who wrote the newel
Perhaps you think rt easy .
Amid the cannons' roar
ro rattle off good copy
While your paper cries for move.
Let me tell you, gentle reader,
War reporting Is no Joke,
For your soul may quickly mingle
With the rutting buttlc'B sinoka,
Whfle pen ts flying swiftly
Tide of conflict to record,
Some swirling Bpanlsh bullet
May pass you o'er death's ford.
Oh, it's well enough to laugh
At "written on the spot,"
TAXES IN PHILIPPINES.
Speta Had Worked Ont a System of
Absolute Robbery.
The revolt of the natives of the Phil
ippines Is the result of Spain's worse
than prehistoric methods of colonial
government Misrule on a gigantic and
Inconceivable scale flourished in this
Island empire "The Pearl of the
Orient."
The actual number of these islands is
as yet unknown, for the Spaniard
makes an unprogresstve pioneer, but
there are estimated to be about 1400 of
them, great and small, nestling away
Just north of the equator. The total
area Is in the neighborhood of 140,000
square miles. The population can only
be guessed at; perhaps 10,000,000 of
souls Is a fair figure at which to place
It
The native population ts otfhe Malay
family, and from all accounts a simple,
easy-going people when left to them
selves, but capable of both persever
ance and courage of a high and com
mendable order when keyed up to tne
fighting pitch. There Is often a large
admixture of foreign blood In the v-Ius
of these islanders. It may be either
Spanish or Chinese, and this mixed
race, "Metlzas," as they are called,
forms one of the most influential class
es In the Philippines.
The Philippine Islander has been
probably the most persistently taxed
creature the sun shines on in the world
to-day, for the Spaniard's whole theory
of taxation is nothing more or less than
PUNISHING A DELINQUENT TAXPAYER.
an ingenious system of spolllatlon. He
wants the natives' last copper, and gen
erally speaking he gets It One must
take Into account In considering this
question of taxation that the laborer or
small farmer In the Philippines earns
on an average of from five to perhaps
13 cents a day, and work is no more
steady there than elsewhere, yet be
yielded up by way of poll tax the neat
little sum of $18 a year, while bis wife
paid a tax of $14. This tax was col
lected, too. Any attempt at evasion
was promptly and sternly dealt with;
If the culprit was a man the tbumo
screws Were used, and If a woman she
was stripped and publicly beaten.
But this poll tax was merely the
start If the native was a small farm
er, he must secure a license before be
could pick and market the cocoanuts
from his own trees. If be wished to
butcher a cow or bullock or shear his
iheep, or cut down a tree, he must first
PRICE OF NEWS.
k&. fTi ' -T m A 1.7,
Dot whfle your mirth holds carnival
That every man Is shot.
In the rear you'll never And Urn
Where clash of arms sounds faint.
He'll not let lips of others
His own word pictures paint
He's in the thick of battle,
He's where the strife runs red,
He's grinding out his story
In that flying sleet of lead.
He roves to write of others
tn whose valor he delights;
He ofttlmes makes them famous
Twlxt darkness and daylight.
He longs to spread tn detail
On the flaming scroll of fame
The way that they won glory,
But he never tolls his came.
He dies to serve his popes,
His life's the price of news.
There's no one to sing his praises, ,
And few can fill his shoes.
pay the Inevitable licence fee. Should
he fafl In this ho was sold out of house
and home, Bent to prison, or what not,
according to the pleasure and whim of
his Spanish master.
He had to pay a tax if he owned a
beast of burden of any sort for this1
was Spain's helpful method of encour
aging him to thrift Every article of
furniture he used was taxed. If he was
a townsman or villager and wanted to
keep .a shop he whs taxed for the priv
ilege; not content with this, the very
scales and measures he used In the car
rying on of his business were subject to
an addltonal tax. lie paid a tax when
he married, and taxation kept its crip
pling grip upon him up. to the hour of
his death, and then the very grave he
filled was made to render tribute to his
oppressors. It could not be dug until
a tax of $1.50 had been paid either by
his family or friends. As a sample of
rapacity the Spaniard's rule is proba
bly without a parallel. The revenue
thus collected found Its way to the
northern country, where It forms an
important Item In the budget required
for the maintenance of the army and
navy.
Silent Nana.
There are several communities of si
lent monks, as, fbr Instance, the Trap
plsts, but these are not at all surprising
In comparison with a community of si
lent women, such as are to be found In
the convent near Biarritz. These sllen
deuses, or silent sisters, never speak
except to their mother superior, and
then only upon necessary business.
When they are at meals a book is read,
and every Friday they eat their dinners
kneeling. If one of the sisters lose her
father or mother, she Is not told of the
loss. The mother superior simply as
sembles the community and says, 'The
father or mother of one of you is dead."
In this way the silent women cease to
have Individual Interest In anything, or
anything to talk about Seven hours
Is spent tn prayer, and the rest of the
day In cultivating gardens and doing
different kinds of laborious work. They
wear white flannel clothes with a cross
of black on their backs when at work
on week days. On Sundays and festl.
vals they wear black. Tkl-Btts.
Useless Worry.
"I'm afraid Wlxey thinks a little hard
of me,"
"You're foolish. There's a man that
can't think bard on any subject'