Europe's Armed Camps
Old and New Enmities That Have Divided
It Into Two Hostile Factions
ACW.'RIA'S ultimatum did not
come ns a surprise to any one
L wliu has followed her diplo
matic maneuvering of tlie past
twenty-five venrs.
Austria fcm never been able to forgive
Servla for existing at ail. ami Servla
has always fiercely resented her big
aelgnbor's stubborn opposition to lier
own schemes for development. For
twenty-five years Jealousy and enmity
have fed on each other, for twenty-flve
constitutional revolution lu Turkey,
which would require delegates to the
Turkish parliament to come from these
two states which were actually lu
Austrian bauds, the Hapsburg mon
archy formally annexed Bosnia and
lleraegovina.
When Austria definitely annexed
Bosnia and Herajcovlna, Servla saw her
hopes of their ultimate union with her
entirely defeated. She protested bit
terly, and carried her warlike preiara
tions to such a point that her army
I 90 VIVA WV"- ?: , , - " i V
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Copyright. 1914, by American Press Association.
, ' SEBVIO CAVAIBY ON THE MARCH.
years each has irritated the other in practically confronted that of Austria
all the numberless ways known to , on the opposite side of the Danube. The
skilled politicians, for twenty-five years Interference of Germany which held
each has been held in check only by back Russia's hand extended to aid the
the pressure of outside influences. But
bow the tragic death of (he heir ap
parent has put in Austria's bands an
Serbs was all that prevented a serious
war. Here agaHr Servla feit herself
outraged and defeated by the united
excuse- so powerful that she dares to ; Germanic influence, and nursing her
use it as a weapon
Stand by Their Ally.
In the present situation, as in every
fiareup In the Balkans, the importance
lies not so much in tbe countries in
volved as in the probability of the en
tanglement of other nations and the
possibility therefrom of that dread bo
gey, a general European war. Monte
negro has already announced that ber
fortunes are cast with Servla. Servla
also, by reason of the understanding
she has with Greece and Roumania.
might hope for support from them.
Germany and Italy have declared their
Intention of standing by their ally, Aus
tria, though no one really believes that
their Intention is to do more than to
keep other nations off and so leave
Austria a clear field.
Bulgaria, while claiming to remain
neutral, would certainly be glad if she
eould snatch the chance to revenge her
self for her defeat by Servia in the sec
end Balkan war. But more Important
than any of these is the attitude of
Russia, of which nothing as yet has
been said. With Russia interfering as
the chief protector of tbe Slav people
Germany and Italy could hardly avoid
fceing actively involved. Without this
Interference Austria can almost cer
tainly hope for a clear ring.
Protector of the Slav.
Russia aspires to be the protector of
the Slav people and while she has
hitherto failed to play that role with
any great degree of glory she still
tlings to it It was to her that Servia
jfooked for assistance when she saw
Bosnia and Herzogovina slip finally
mrougn uer nngers. Kussia was eager
and willing to respond, but was in no
eondition to do so. She was still pros
trated from the Japanese war and at
the first hint that her Interference in
tiehalf of Servia would be met by Ger
many coming to the aid of Austria she
eould do nothing but maintain a neu
tral attitude.
But Russia now Is in a different posi
tion and Is eager for an opportunity to
rehabilitate her military reputation.
She has a new army, newly organized,
and would not be averse to engaging in
a war that would have a stronger ap
peal to the spirit of her people than did
Aer 111 fated adventure in the east
The Russo-Turklsh war made great
hanges In the Balkans. Servla proper
btained complete independence, but
Bosnia and Herzegovina were left nom
inal Turkish dependencies, but really
to be occupied by Austrian troops.
The consequence of this was a four
year insurrection against the Austrinns.
the effects of which have never dis
appeared. The Austrians have spent
large amounts of money on the coun
try, hut never allowed It autonomy;
and In 1908-9, using as an excuse tbe
hurts she once more set herself to wait
for her opportunity.
The Balkan War.
It came with the outbreak of the
Balkan war, when by a series of brill
iant campaigns the Servians advanced
straight through Albania to Durazzo,
thus seizing the coveted seaport It la
But the fruits of this war were In
part taken from them by Austria,
whose diplomatic activity was rcspoa
sllile tor the ruling of the powers,
which compelled the Servians to give
up part of their conquests in Albania
Thus Servla lost her chance to get
seaport and remains a landlocked now
er, her only outlet being through the
friendly Greek porta on the Aegean
sea.
But the Servian victories In Mace
donia and the Greek capture of Sa-
lonlkt put an unexpected obstacle In
the way of Austria's march to the
south. No more could the dual mon
archy hope to Inherit Snloulkl and the
land between that port and the fron
tier of Bosnia on the final downfall of
Turkey: Servla was uow squarely
across her path.
So the Balkan wars left the Servians
confident of their military ability, elat
ed by victory, determined on complete
national unity and angered by AuS'
trla's continued hold on the northern
part of the nation and by her uctlon In
depriving the nation of an outlet to the
sea. These wars left Austria-Hungary
with Increased difficulties In dealing
with the Slav tribes, particularly the
Servians, now in her dominions, and
convinced that the march to the south
ward must be given up altogether un
less Servla could be put out of the
way.
Conflict of European Powers.
The conflict among the European
powers, if a clash cannot be averted,
will bring two great groups Into op
posing array. It will be the third
time in five years that the triple al
liance (Germany, Austria and Italy)
and the triple entente (Iiussln, Great
Britain and France) haye been brought
face to face In hostile attitudes. For
the eternal European Issue of balance
of power is to the fore again.
Five years ago the triple entente
protested agninst Austria's annexation
of Bosnia, asserting that It was in
violation of the agreement at the con
gress of Berlin following the Russo
Turklsh war. Austria's move blighted
the racial and political bones of a small
Slavic state which was closely related
to Russia.
Germany threatened the czar's coun
try In 1909, and two years later pre
sented to France a demand for a large
territorial grant In Morocco because
the French protectorate there hnd been
recognized. Russia. France and Great
Britain apparently were' ready to con
test Germany backed down. Since
then Germany's reseutmeut has been
bitter. Then there is still friction be-
tween France and Germany over Alsace-Lorraine.
In Tripoli, Italy defeated Turkey, re
garded as a German ally. Subsequently
came the collapse of Turkish power in
Europe and the increased strength of
the small Balkaa states. Today these
minor states bar Austria from the
Aegean, and Servia threatens Austria
with the union of southern Slavs.
Position of Austria.
The Balkan alliance was undoubtedly
a Russian move, to counteract which
Austria promoted dissension among
the Balkan allies, leading to a second
war among those states. But Servla
defeated Bulgaria. Austria's support
of Bulgaria bud alienated Roumania.
Servla began to cast longing eyes on
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Roumania
wanted its millions of countrymen In
Hungary. In the dual monarchy there
was little national feeling, the diver
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STREET SCEITE Iff BELGRADE, CAPITAL OF SERVIA.
not hard to recall the maneuverings by
which Austrian diplomacy defeated
this end by setting up the ill fated little
kingdom of Albania as a buffer. At the
same time she was able to prevent
Montenegro, also a Serb state, from
maintaining her bold on the hardly
won city of Scutari Not even the high
ly desirable portions of Macedonia that
fell to Servia's lot at the end of the
war were able to compensate her for
her rage of disappointment In the loss
of the footing on the sea.
Meanwhile the Slavs of Dalmatia are
under Hungarian rule; and bore, as In
Bosnia and Herzegovina, promises of
local self government have never come
to anything more than words. Thus
the northern half of the Servian race
Is still under the Austrian empire. .
Meanwhile the southern half was
finally united by the victories over
Turkey in the war of 1012.
In the fall of 1012 the Servians mo
bilized 2C0.O0O men in the first three
weeks, and later added 145.000 more to
the number. And while their losses
in this war and in the struggle with
Bulgaria In the summer of 1013 were
heavy, the Servian troops fonght bril
liantly and proved themselves efficient
and enduring.
sion or races causing dissension and
even threatening the disruption of the
emplra
Austria brought nbout the creation
of an Albanian kingdom. The new
kingdom has brought Italy and Austria
into position for battle, both having
uesigns on the country.
Of the members of the triple alliance
Austria Is the weakest In preparedness
for conflict. Serbs and Roumanians,
eager to fight are at her southern
border. Austrian ruin would mean
their nationalization. Greece, siding
with the triple entente, must be taken
Into account
The Gauntlet to Russia.
Austria has thrown down tbe gaunt
let to Russia. Germans feel that they
must stand by the challenge. Servia
and Roumania, seeing greater na
tionalism In Austria's overthrow, are
eager to fight on the entente's side.
Austria feels that If it initst go down it
will go down lighting, ruthor than yield
to Intrigue.
It Is the supreme liniment for the
lest of power. Behind It all Is the old
Issue of balance of power. Neither
triple alliance nor triple entente feels
that It can maintain Its prestige by
backing down.
.Notice for 1'uhlicutioii IsoUtad Tract
Public Lund Sale.
IVpurtmerit of the Interior,
j. !. I,nud Olllce at The Dalles, Or.
July 22. 1911.
Notice is hereby given that a directed
by the commissioner ol the general
land oflice, under provisions of act
of congress approved March 28. 1012,
ioi aiai., it), pursuant to the applies
tion of (iranvilie II. N-e
Serial No. 012360, we will offer at public
sale, to the highee: bidder, but at not
less than 2 00 per acre, at 10:15 o'clock
a. m., on the 11th day of September,
I!U4, at this olllce, the following trsrt
ot land: Mi j, sec. li, T. 18 8., K.18 E.
Willamette meridian.
"This tract is ordered onto the market
on s showing that the greater portion
thereof is mouLtainous or too rough for
cultivation.
Any persons claiming adversely the
above dencribed lnd are advised to file
their claims or objections on or before
the time liiiignatel for sale.
8 6p H. Fit a Nik Woodcock, ItcKlster.
Notice for PublicationIsolated Tract.
1 Public Land Sale.
Department of the Interior.
U. S. Land Office at The Dalle, Ore.
July 21st, 1014.
Notice is hereby given that, as direct
ed by the commissioner of the general
land office, under provisions of act of
congress, approved March 2S. 11)12, (:!7
Stat., 77). pursuant to the application of
Thomas N. Hickman
Serial No.OllMO.'i, we will offer at public
sale to the highest bidder, but at not
less than $2 00 per acre, at 0:45 o'clock
a. m., on the xth day of September,
1914, at this olllce. the following tract
ot land: Wl pel. si swl. sec. 35. T. 18
S.. K. 19 E, Willamette meridian.
'This tract is ordered into the market
on a showing that the greater portion 1
tnereoi is mountainous or too rough for
cultivation."
Any persons claiming adversely the
above described land are adviswl to file
their claims or objections on or before
tlie time designated for sale.
8 6-p H. Frank Woodcock, Register.
f
V y
llll UMLU- ,jJs. llll
II . I II! I
Mil I . r-. i I I
II Lower rncp"? nn rnrr Lars I llll
lllll D . CI . r. I III I
i i uuycis iu untiie 111 i ioius lllll
ll ll
lllll ICffective from AmniHt. 1 1'.)l I m inn.i t lmx lllll
and guaranteed aguinst any reduction
during that time:
Touring Car $490 i
Runbout ; 440
Town Car 690
K. O. D. Djtroit, all cars fully equipped. (In the
United States only), For further particulars
regarding the low prices and profit-sharing plan see
C. W. WILSON
III M5 Crook County Agent, Prineville, Ore.
HI Garage Opposite Post Office
I' '
Notice for Publication.
Department of the Interior.
U. S. Land OHlce at The Dalles, Ore.
July Hist, 1914.
Notice Is hereby given that
William T. Walters
of Brothers, Oregon, who on July 17th,
laii, maue nomesteaa entry jno, 1192X7,
for EkJ section 15. township 20 south.
range 18 east, Willamette hieridian, has
uieu ounce oi intention to make nnal
three year proof to establish claim- to
the land above dercribed, befoie II C.
Ellis, U, 8. commissioner at Bend. Ore
gon, on the 10th day of Heptember,ll)14.
Claimant names as witnesses, William
Hi'hultz, Joseph Htenkamn and Ansel
M. Stewart, of Brothers. Oregon, and
Otis 0. Henkle, of Bend, Oregon.
N 6 p II. Fbank Woodcock, Register,
Refrigerator for Sale
Bolm-Slphon Kcfrlirerator. 80 lbs.
Ice capacity; three doors, movable
shelves, white enamel Inside; Oak
ou Utile. Ah jrooil an new. Price
.'10. Inquire at this oflice.
Why not take the Journal ?
The Man Who "Makes Good
77
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