HAVE YOU
HOME COURSE
III SCIENTIFIC
AGRICULTURE
EIGHTEENTH ARTICLE.
RAISING SUGAR BEETS.
By HARVEY W. WILEY. Former Chltt ol
the Bureaa si Chemistry and Former
Director Department Safer
Beet Experiment Sta
tion, Nebraska.
TIIK successful growing of angar
beets la an art that oue ac
quires by practice. The farm
er who has made a success of
raising other crops will quite often fall
at first In this oue, as the methods of
cultivating ordinary crops do not ap
ply In the case of sugar beets.
In the manufacture of sugar from
the beet the farmer plays an Impor
tant part by supplying beets In an ade
quate quantity and of a high quality,
but beyond that he can hardly hope to
enter the field. The manufacture of
beet sugar Is an Industry entirely dis
tinct from agriculture. From the na
ture of the process It is quite Im
probable that any simple method of
home manufacture of beet sugar will
ever prove commercially successful.
The Juice of the beet Is extracted with
difficulty.
Experience has shown that the sug
ar beet reaches Its highest develop
ment In north temperate latitudes.
This Isothermal line for the United
States begins near the city of New
Tork and passes up the Hudson river
to Albany; thence turning westward.
It runs near Syracuse and passes in a
southwesterly direction, touching the
shore of Lake Erie near Sandusky, O.;
turning thence In a northwesterly di
rection, it enters Michigan and reach
es Its highest point In thU state near
Lansing; then going in a southwester
ly direction, it enters the state of lu-
BrOiB BEET.
dlana near South Bend, passes through
Michigan City, then In a northwester
ly course continues through the cities
of Chicago and Madison, reaching Its
highest point near St Paul; thence It
extends in a southwesterly direction
until it enters the state of South Da
kota, where It turns again northwest
and reaches Its highest point In Dako
ta Just above the forty-fifth parallel of
latitude, where It crosses the Missouri
river. The Isothermal line then turns
almost due south, following very close
ly the one hundred and first degree of
longitude until It leaves the state of
Nebraska near the northeast corner of
Colorado. Passing In a southwesterly
direction through Colorado, It reaches,
at Pueblo, almost to the one hundred
and fifth degree of west longitude,
whence It passes in a slightly south
easterly direction into New Mexico,
turns to the west and crosses the one
hundred and fifth degree of longitude
at about the thirty-second degree of
latitude. Then turning westward. It
passes In a very irregular line through
the Btates of California, Oregon and
Washington.
Extending a distance of 100 miles on
each side of this isothermal line is a
heir, which may be regarded as the
theoretical beet sugar area of the Unit
ed States. There are doubtless many
localities lying outside of this belt,
both north and south, In which the
sugar beet will be found to thrive, but
this will be due to some exceptional
qualities of the climate or soil and not
to any favorable Influence of a higher
or lower temperature. A study of, the
location of the sugar factories operat
ing today will show that only five fac
tories are outside of these lines.
Although conditions of temperature
must be taken Into consideration in
selecting sites for beet sugar factories,
those of rainfall must also be studied,
The sugar beet requires a certain
amount of moisture in order to pro
duce its normal crop. This moisture
must be derived either from preclpita
tlon In the usual way or from lrriga
tion, or else the soil must be of that
particular quality which will allow sub
terranean moisture to reach the root
lets of the plants.
The experience of more than twenty
years in California and ten years in
Colorado has shown that the climatic
data, regarded as of prime importune
In beet culture In Europe, cannot be
regarded as rigidly applicable to this
countrv. The successful growth
sugar beets in the arid regions of our
country, with irrigation, has introduced
a new factor Into the science of beet
meteorology. While the arid area on
wnlctk beets can. be grown without Ir
rigation la probably confined almost ex
clusively to lira coast Talleya of Cali
fornia, the successful commercial pro
duction of sugar beets In Utah and Col
orado aaa oened new and extensive
field. What has taken place in inese
state Is being rapidly duplicated lu
Idaho, a beglunitui baa been made lu
Montana, and the time la undoubtedly
coming when beet will be grown In
Wyotniug and probably throughout tue
whole arid region.
The northern part of our eastern
end middle state and the state 01
Oregon aud Washington hT at least
an eoiial chauc for the successful pro
duction of beet sugar with the fields of
Germany and France. The Irrigable
parts of the great southwest have ad
vantages of mil and climate which
will enable them to enter Into compe
tition in the production of boot sugar.
The high cost of good Irrigation ren
ders It Imperative that the arras under
culture be devoted to a crop which Is
capable of producing a more valuable
rteld than Is (forded by cereal culture.
If a net profit of from $10 to $'JO per
acre can be secured, from $100 to $A
per acre can be paid for the laud. It
Is estimated that nearly 80.000,000
acres of land In the arid reglona of
the Tutted States may eventually be
Irrigated, being nearly one-fifth of the
total area. Of thla area perbap 10
per cent U capable of easy and speedy
Irrigation. Farmer who raise beet
for a sugar factory are not left entire
ly to their own resources In growing
the cron. They enter luto a contract
with the factory management which
outline the method to be employed.
Then the factory employ an agricul
tural superintendent and corps of
assistants whose duty It to to go among
the growers giving instructions and
suggestions regarding the selection and
preparation of the soil, planting, culti
vation, time of harvesting, etc. These
men are of course well Informed on all
phases of beet culture, and they are
usually able to make valuable sugges
tious In regard to the cultivation of
other crops grown In rotation with
beets. Their Instructions and influ
ence therefore tend to Improve the
farm practice of communities In which
sugar beets are grown.
The sugar beet does not require a
particular kind of soil for Its proper
production. In general soils are de
scribed for practical purpose as
clayey, sandy, loamy or alluvial soils.
All of these soils will produce beets.
The black prairie soil also have been
found, with proper cultivation, to pro
duce excellent beets.
New land should not be selected to
grow sugar beets, for the crop la not a
good reclaimer of soils. And especial
ly to be avoided Is new land contain
ing decaying vegetable matter, which
produces only rank growth with low
sugar content Preferably the most
productive land on the farm should be
used, such a soil as will yield a good
crop of Indian corn, wheat or pota
toes. The soil should neither be so
compact as to Interfere with cultiva
tion to a depth of ten or twelve Inches
nor have a tendency to bake hard.
Happily in most American soils there
Is still sufficient natural fertility to
produce a good crop of sugar beets.
whereas in the soils of Europe, where
sugar beets have been grown for years,
the farmers must depend on fertilizers
to insure a remunerative crop.
Every farmer should understand that
he cannot continuously grow any crop
on the some ground and secure maxi
mum results. Beets do best after al
falfa, corn or small grains.
A good scheme of rotation is first
wheat then beets, then clover for two
years, the last crop being plowed un
der; then potntoes, wbent and beets In
the order mentioned. If alfalfa can be
grown It should be Included In the ro
tation of crops: also In Borne sections
potatoes do well In the rotation. Beets
do well after small grain crops.' be
cause these, being harvested early,
leave the ground ready for late autumn
plowing, an Important point In success
ful beet culture.
The field In which beets are to be
planted should be selected and plowed
In the late autumn to the depth of at
least nine inches. As a rule, the plow
in each furrow should be followed by
a subsoiler, which will loosen the soil
the depth of six or seven inches
FEEDING GRAIN TO
COWS ON PASTURE
The question Is frequently asked
whether It Is economical to feed cralu
to cow during the (xstur season. ,
write E. V. Elllngtou In Orange Judd
Farmer. On this qhcstlou there I a
considerable difference of opinion
Judging by the direct results lu milk
production from feeding grain to cow
on succulent ana auumiuui pasture.
there seem to be no profit In such a
procedure. While there may be some
increase lu milk yields, the Increased
yields do not In all Instance pay for
the grain consumed.
The pasture In the early spring are
Immature, aud the graa contain
high percentage of water aud a low
percentage of dry matter, and the high
producing cow doe not secure suffi
cient nutrieuta to furulsli the needs of
the bod; and malutalu a large produc
tion of milk. For cow of this type
that la, one that produce on to two
pouud of butter tut dally, a grain re-
f j v -v 2k
Photo br Kansas Agricultural coll-.
The Owl's Paln. hr pictured,
a purs bred Jrnwy cow owned by
tha Kanaaa Stitta Agricultural col
lege. Is the llret Jrt-y In Kanaua
to make over iUI pounds of butter
In a year. Sha completed her rec
ord on the 17th of March and made
durlni the year M.M pountla of milk
and i& pouiula of butter tat, which
ta equivalent to 1M pounds ot but
ter. The milk record claaaea The
Owl's Dealtro among the Brat seven
Jeraey cowa ot the world. Only six
have made more than thla amount, .
according to K. M. Uow of the
American Jeraey Cattle club.
tlon should supplement the pasture and
she should be allowed all the legumi
nous hays that she will consume.
The cow that Is producing an aver
age quantity of milk say from twenty
five to thirty pounds of milk of aver
age quality will produce but little
more when fed grain to supplement
good pasture and for economy of pro
duction ehould not be so fed. Experi
mentation hns proved that an addi
tional pouud of milk was secured for
each pound of grain fed, but It was ob
served that cows that received grain
during the pasture season gave 10 per
cent better returns after the graxlng
period was over than did those that re
ceived no grain, lu other words, there
was an Increase In weight In the lot
that were fed grain which resulted In
the laying up of a considerable amount
of surplus nutrieuta on their body
which was utilized In future produc
tion. ,
Weaning the Pigs.
Some people seem anxious to wean
the pigs. I do not believe a person
should be In too much of a hurry
about this, however, say a corre
spondent of the Kansas Farmer. Aa a
matter of fact there is no feed quite
so good as their own mother's nillk.
There Is a limit of course, for the
length of time she can provide tills
food. If the sow Is to raise two litters
each year we must not expect her to
care for each litter as long a time aa
when she raises only one.
If she Is holding np fairly well In
flesh I would not hesitate to leave tho
pics with her nine or ten weeks.
When vou start to wean the pigs do
not take the whole litter away at once.
This will not only prevent the sow
worrying, but It will probably avoid
trouble with her udder. Take away
the two hardiest youngsters first, and
then, after a dny or two, remove one
or two more. Keep this up nntll the
whole titter has been taken away.
to
more.
Hand planting of the seed may be
practiced when a very small plat Is to
be put In beets, but where a field em
bracing an acre or more Is to be plant
ed It is not convenient In such cases
planting by drill Is best ,
The beets should be covered to a
depth of one-ualf Inch to two inches,
according to the state of the soil.
In the matter of space between rows
there is considerable variation. In
some cases the rows are made only
sixteen inches apart and In others as
wide as twenty-eight Inches.
The cost of growing an acre of beets
depends on so many varying factors as
to render It Impossible to give an esti
mate widen Is reliable for every locality.
It is probable that the actual cost to
our fanners for the first few years of
Hie beet Industry did not exceed $25 to
$:;." per acre and In many instances fell
below these figures.
It Is reasonably certain, accidents of
"Young man, when you buy a
buggy, be sure it's a Studebaker"
Sound advice from the man who has been
driving one for twenty years.
WTien you buy a Studebaker buggy yu buying
all the skill, experience) and science) in buggy building
that half a century can produce. You are protect
ing yourself against the mistake of younger builder.
You will alwayt bo proud of the Studebakef
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it equal for atyle, luxury and good look.
Flexible bent-reach gear, graceful line, aolid cor
ner, plugle body, double-ironed shafts, are a few of
the tpecial Studebaker feature.
The new close-fitting shifting rail i enough in
itself to make you buy a Studebaker buggy.
TnMkt
Mi Wa
5m ear Dtaln of wlh m.
STUDEBAKER South Bend, Ind.
KW YOU CHICAOO t)AU Kl"Ai CITY J?1!!?."
kinnxaimui salt tut crnr mm raANCisco wmAKu, oaa.
I - " TnKki tMasWaeaa
-'nrtTTr-'ejrau g-
Filed your Deed? Of Uure.
.AVE YOU
An Abstract)
Ortnlnlyeveryoii baaii abstract now.
IKi vou know where your coiner are,
Weil, No, Mot ctly.
Brewster Engineering Company,
I'riiieville, Oregon, will locate them lot
vou nd guarantee the work. Survey
ing, rutting. Irrigation Kngllierlii.
I 'lion Pioneer H.
r
1 M
'I
RECEPTION
a B"a .
Champ Smith, rropr r
r
Imported and Domestic
J Cigars
Famous Whiskies
Old Crow; Hermitage; Red
Top Rye; Yellow Stone;
Canadian Club; Cream
Rye; James E. Pepper,
Moore' Malt
Porter, Ale and Olympia
Drnft Beer on Tap.
4 Imported Wine, and
Liquors.
gV WW
iquurs.
D. P. Adamson & Co.,
Druggist
For Drug, Patent Medicine, Chemical
Lowney' Candies, Ice Cream Soda, Sta
tionery and Precription see
D. P. Adamson & Co.
DeLAVAL
Cream Separators
Sold on Easy Terms
Pioneer Cream Co.
Prineville, Oregon
Removal of 8bo Boils.
To remove a shoe boll, it you cannot
employ a graduate veterinarian, says
the Farm Journal, proceed as fol
lows: Put a twitch on the horse's nose
and have one fore foot held np by an
attendant Make a single loop knot or
noose on a length of pinno wire. Tut
the loop over the shoe boil and pull
tight so as to make tho tumor have as
narrow a neck as possible. Now cut
off the shoe hull by means of a redhot
hutched shaped iron or cut It off with a
sharp scalpel and at once stop the
bleeding by cauterization with a ther
nio cautery or redhot iron. This leaves
a large, But wound, but It Is surprising
how quickly it heals and what a small
blemish (scar) it leaves If simply wet
ted a number ot times a day with a
lotion composed of one ounce of sugar
of lead aud six drams of sulphate of
zinc shaken up In a pint of water.
Piles In Pigs.
Piles, or prolusions of the rectum,
i nson n.side. that a net nroflt of from ; are common lu young pigs and are of-
S to $15 per acre may be expected ten lndii-ed by overfeeding and lack of
from the proper culture of the sugar exercise, (live the pigs flee range on
beet in localities near a factory when .-uss and In addition feed light slop of
all the conditions of the best methods
of culture are fulfilled.
The byproducts from beet culture on
tlie farm are the tops and leaves, which
are commonly used for feeding cattle.
Some farmers, however, turn them
under as a fertilizer. When used as a
feed the beet tops can be eaten by the
cattle on the field where they have
bcea t'1-ov.'ii. if tliey are fed in stall
Hip nannrc should be returned to the
Held.
.,( tl.-lr.inilll.- ml.hlllll!' Iliwl n little
flaxseed meal. Mix one ounce of lime
water with each quart of slop. The
bowels must be kept active. If con
stipation Is present omit the llmewa
ter and mix in an ounce or two of raw
linseed oil to act on the bowels, lin
eal treatment consists In bathing tho
protruded parts, wetting them well
,vith extract of witch hazel, then
smearing with witch hazel ointment
and returning to place. l'"urin Journal
THROUGH NIGHT TRAIN DAILY
BETWEEN
Cent'l Oregon! Portland
CENTRAL OREGON LINE
Tourist Sleeping Cars, First-Class Coaches
To Central Oregon Point
Leave Portland . . . .7:00 p.m.
Arrive Madras . . . .6:00 a.m.
" Metotius 6:15 a.m.
" Culver 6:28 a.m.
" Terrebonne .7:08 a.m.
" Redmond ..7:23a.m.
i Deschutes '. .7:43 a m.
" Bend 8:00 a.m.
From Central Oregon Point
Leave Bend 8:30 p.m.
" Deschutes . . 8:48 p m.
' Itadmond . . 9:10 p.m.
" Terrebonne. 9:24 p.m.
" Culver 10:02 p.m.
" Metolius 10: .0 p.m.
" Madras 10:30 p.m.
Arrive Portland . . 8:10 a.m.
Connections (or Willa
tana and eastern poin
itnette Valley, Pugnt Seund Spokane, Mon-
ts. Details and folders at ollice or oy Beau.
W. C. WILKES, R. H. CROZJKR,
Asst. Gen. F, & P. Agent. Asst. Gen. Pass, Agent.
H. BAUKOL, Agent, Redmond, Ore. 8 21-tf
The Brosius Bar
Finet Brandt of Wine,
Liquor and Cigar.
LAGER BEER ON DRAUGHT
F. E. BROSIUS, Proprietor
Coroner's Coctail
Mix three chortm girls with
as many men and soak in
champaign until midnight.
Squeeze into an auto. Add a
d li ol joy and a drunken
chauffer. Shake well. Serve at
seventy mile an hour
And do not forget that we do
all kin Ja of photo work. If
you are wanting hnying or
harvesting pictures, get our
prices. We are constantly
adding new apparatus and
doing better work. See our
latest work and he convinced.
Amateur finishing done neatly
nnd quickly. Mull orders at
tended to promptly. Photo
work exchnngi'il (or wood.
LAFLER S STUDIO
Wo Strive to I'Icbno
8
Fruit Trees!
Central Oregon Grown
The only kind you enn afford
to plant. ILLUSTRATED
-.-.TALOGUE FREE. ,Vrlt
for one. Price low enough
to tnirprlwe you.
Lafollette Nursery Co.
Prineville, 60- Oregon
The Oregon Bar
At the Old Stand
G.W. Wiley & Co., Prps
All kinds of Choice Liquors
Wines and Cigars.
Famous Ranier Beer' in
Bottles and on Draft.