HOME COURSE
IN SCIENTIFIC
AGRICULTURE
SIXTEENTH ARTICLE.
FARMERS' CORN TESTS.
By Professor C P. NORGORD of the Col
Icje of Agriculture, I nil entity
of W isconsin.
THE purpose of the farmers' corn
tests is to emphasize the liu-portatu-e
of projx-r curing, stor
ace ami plantiuK of rihhI sootl
corn and the value of using hifh .yield
ing varieties. This was accomplished,
by germination ami srvniiiR tests on
the demonstration farms of each farm
er's corn, showing the great losses sus
tained by farmer with present prac
tices. Samples of farmers' seed corn
as planted by them were secured from
twenty-five farmers surrounding each
demonstration farm. Each ear of this
was tested for germination and a rec
ord kept of the same at the statiou at
Madison. One hundred aud fifty ker
nels of each farmer's corn were plant
ed In duplicate rows In different parts
of one of the demonstration fields.
The land was carefully selected so
as to be uniform in fertility and drain
age and as free as possible from animal
and Insect enemies. The corn was
planted nfter May 13 to avoid cold
rains and packed soils. The exact
stand was determined from the num
ber of stalks appearing from the l.Vl
kernels planted, and later the yield of
each man's corn was secured. Samples
of statiou bred, kiln dried corn were
planted beside the farmers' corn and
were taken as standards for compari
son. Considering the relative yielding
power of different varieties. Farmer A.
nt Oshkosh found that his sample, a
mixture of Bint and dent, with a stand
of 8" per cent, gave a yield of 27.0
bushels per acre, while his neighbor's
Golden Glow corn, with a stand o' l1
1
a - P-?3
Photo by College of Agriculture, XVIseon
Bin Stale university.
POOB METHOD OP CCHINO SEED COR!.
per cent, gave 77.1 bushels, a difference
of bushels pur acre, due to a low
yielding variety. At oO cents. ir
bushel Farmer A. lost ?24.7." per acre.
It has been tltiuuiitratetl that yield
corresponds very closely to stand and
that stand de ends largely upon the
vitality of the seed as shown by the
germinating test One of the factors
deterniiulng the vitality and yield is
storage.
The effect of storage of seed corn
w; strikingly illustrated by two sam
ples of Silver King corn grown side by
6ide at Oshkosh. Fanner I'..'s Silver
King corn, field cured and stored on
the outside of a pump house, gave a
Btand of CO per cent and a yield of
forty-one bushels per acre. A fire
dried sample of Silver King from the
station grown next to it, with a stand
of 00 per cent, gave a yield of 8.1.7
bushels per acre. Farmer ti. lost forty
four bushels, or ?X per acre In other
words, he secured only half a crop be
cause of poor care of seed.
One bushel of corn will plant six
acres. For every bushel of tin's corn
that Farmer B. used be suffered a loss
on six acres of JKJ2. Had Farmer H.
cured aud stored the five bushels of
, seed corn used by linn in I'M) accord
ing to the best method be would have
Increased his income from this thirty
acres by SW. This sum therefore rep
resents the value to him of curing five
bushels of seed corn, or a value of Ji:jj
per bushel.
Considering the average results of
the five best and five poorest samples,
we find that the five best samples av
eraged 7S.3 bushels, or $:;!). 5 per acre,
while the five poorest samples aver
aged 30.7 bushels, or $10.8."; The aver
age loss sustained by each of the farm
ers using the five poorest samples was
therefore $10.30 per acre.
The lowest germination. VU per rent,
was that of corn standing In shock
iuring the winter. This did not dry
out well In the fall. The cells of this
corn were therefore subject to frequent
freezing and thawing while distended
with water. As a result of this many
of the cellH burst, thus killing the germ
and lowering the germination. It is
noticeable that fire dried corn did not
suffer so much, nor corn cured in well
ventilated garrets or rooms In houses,
the germination of the former being 00
per cent. Tills corn Jiad the high per
centage of moisture removed imme
4i i3
Mil
diately after coming from th field !
and could therefore withstand riveting j
aud thawing without Injury. The aver
age germination of seed corn through-1
out the state for r.kW-10 as shown by ''t
these sample Is it,V9 t cent. The i
average stand secured from this corn I
w as oil. 5 pvr cent.
Seed corn dried with artificial beat
In well ventilated rooms during the I
first two or throe nooks after picking'
gives the highest germination, an av-'
enig of 91.5 per cent for the two
years. Next to this is corn cured In
furuaoe rooms with open Unions
when the heat was applied Immediate-
ly after bringing the corn from the
field. Well ventilated rooms aud gar-
rets with more than one window gnv '
germinations of Sti.5 per cent and !M 3
per cent respectively. Corn cured tin-1
der porches protected from ntlus gave
70 tor cent; corn iu barns, tool houses.
etc. t per cent-
The granary has proved a snare and
delusion to many a farmer who thinks
this Is a good place for drying svd
corn. The moisture from the grain In
granaries, like the moisture from anl
tnals In barns, enters the cells of the
corn, aud the freezing weather which
follows destroys Its vitality. Wind
mills and the outside of buildings and
comcribs proved the poorest places to
cure seed coru.
Iu this study of seed curing much
coru was found which was destroyed
by lying In piles or standing iu sacks
for a short time after husking. The
only safe way of curing sishI corn Is
therefore to place the corn Immedtately
after picking in a well ventilated room
and apply artificial heat for from one
to throe weeks.
The grading of the seed, the calibra
tion of the planter and the weather
and soil at planting time are. of conrw.
other factors which have their intlu- i
em. The greatest variation, a dif j
fercuce of K! per cent. Is found in the
case of corn stonil In granaries. The
average germination of all kluds of ',
corn for l'.".-!0 is iki.lt per cent, and
the average stand Is 5ii.3 per cent, a
very close parallel.
The methods for securing god set-d
corn and obtaining a good stand are. :
briefly, using a high yielding variety
sufficiently early to mature In the lo- j
cality where grown: selecting only i
well ripened, perfect ears from vigor- '
ous stalks bvfore the entire field Is
riH; storing each ear separately; dry- '
Ing with artificial heat iu a well ven
tilated room Immediately after pick- '
ing: testing each ear for germination:
grading the seed and calibrating the
planter to suit each grade of corn:
growing seed corn from well selected
seed in seed plots w here barren stalks
may lie removed.
The spacing of rows and hills of corn ;
and the nutnlsT of kernels it hill I
vary with latitude and soil fertility and
the variety. The richer the soli the :
closer can the corn be planted. i
Special emphasis has been placed !
UPon harrowinar rnrti svml tfrnm
soon after planting and in cultivating!"' a" ,0, c"rrj' the 1,:"t,,r' r ""s"'
corn with ,in.. hM ,,l,lr. . al"" s,' 'll'' right Up Without
When the corn Is tassell nn.l .r. ,'
ting ears. Care has leen exercisd at
this cultivation to run the cultivators j
shallow to avoid cutting the roots ;
which at this time come very close to !
the surface. Shallow, level cultiTa-
tion micticed at a number of places
particularly after showers during the
drought of midsummer formed dust
mulches and conserved the soil mois
ture for the use of the corn. I
Inquiries at farmers' meetings show- :
I ed that otily "tj per cent of the farmers
in the state owned fanning mills. The
losses from weed seeds annually Intro-
iluced on a farm through urieloaned I
grain would amount to more than the
cost of a fanning mill.
A sufficient supply of grains for seed
purposes should be carefully cleaned
soon after thrashing and stored In
small bins, where danger of heating is
removed. Too often the si-ed is pre- 1
pared immediately before seeding time,
taken from the bottom of large birw. J
where heating and bin burning have
lowered the vitality, and sown without
cleaning.
"l'iu oats," the small kernels of oats, j
multiply much more rapidly than the I
larger kernels. Where the small ker- '
nels are Lot removed from the seed
by sieves and wind the size of kernel
thus rapidly diminishes. Grains thus I
"run out" bv a lack of cure and clean- ;
ing of the seed rather than from the i
causes to which this condition is coru- :
uiouly attributed. J
At all of the farms the method of ,
treating seed grains with formaldehyde
for the eradication of smut was dem
onstrated by aetual application to
grain at the meeting arid to seed grain
used during the season. The solution
used consisted of one pint of 40 per
'ent formaldehyde mixed with thirty
six gallons of wate. 1 he solution was
placed In a barrel or tank, arid the
grains placed in gunny sacks were sub
merged In this for ten minutes. After
being removed and allowed to drain
for ten minutes the grain was placed
in a heap on a barn Moor and covered
with wet blankets. The f0rmald.5h.vde
''" '"'las held in the pile by the wet
blankets makes the treatment more
elfectivi... After two hours the grain
was spre ad on the floor and shoveled
over at intervals until dry.
Growing tests at various places with
ed funii.-i.ed by the station contain
ing L'O per cent of smut demonstrated
clearly that this can all be removed by
the treatment. At Oshkosh the field
sown with treated seed was entirely
free from smut and vlelded ten bush- I
els more per acre than an adjoining i ,IK,t- t,,l! sizzle, then fizzle,
field sown with untreated seed. j Don't buy a cheap, claptrap Incubator
A study and demonstration of crop ro- 1 "ml tl"'" Kot a fit if It hatches nit.
tntion have taken up to show that 1 Don't inbrei-d your stock. lireeillng
a good system of crop rotation In- j In a family circle makes disease tar
""""""' v'c'i''. ccp 1 i'Mf.fi i 'rets, especially of turkeys.
o ii-:0,ie ,i-.,o.,n,,n ,,r (i,p ,prrn.,.t cc- 1 iion't Use an Incubator lamp that's
ie'!.i" i""i' i"o..Js., yood a chronic smoker. Hut study the Hume;
' ''' perhaps you're to blume.
L j 1
POULTRY
NOTES
BY
l.MIURNTTZ
wvrusiDE
o .
rTWiEraitNTrjrt
SULItlTEO
,nw "" " mu.ir.inon. mux not
', "
I ... .
PIGEON NESTS AND NAPPIES.
Much of the success with siii.'lui de
pends on how the birds nrv nested, and
it is strange how many do sin k to the
old style stationary nest when the M.v It
no show is so easllv made, moved aud
cleaned.
Here the nests are arranged In bat
teries set up like a Iwokcnse. the slie
it .T- :-
5' v
t. . - fflt .Vj v - T
c . ."V- - f j i .
k . "v.'.-' i i
ft 'I ;
' -it t ' 1 r (
(1 :-V' ; f
I iff: , :' f
"3
.
1
I'llutu by C. M. Itarnlts.
SI.ST 1IATTKHV.
of the nest box made to fit the nappy,
different slz.es of the latter being made
for limits. I'jirneaux and Homer. The
bottom of the nest box pulls out like a
drawer, and the whole arrangement
can be removed tier by tier ami pi. kly
cleaned and sprayed Ith bug killer ntnl
the walls of the loft may be white
washed.
Thorough cleaning is lmsslli!e with
the old style nailed up nest boxes, and
bugs, espis'taliy the bhkidsucklng ticks,
can hide iu safety behind them, where
no spray can reaeh.
Then. If it Is desired to remove tin1
birds to another building it Is no ta-k
"ie tr""l,le "f rll ' "" "' ol''
! or knocking up new The earthenware
nappy Is a great convenience.
' It holds the nest material right In
; place, and the eggs ami sounds do not
j I'hoto by C. M. Uamltz.
j BtjI AIiH AND NAPl'V.
1 tumble down on to the lloors us with
the old careless way, where eggs are
so often broken and squabs fall down,
, get killed or chllhsl or mixed up.
j The parent birds like the nappy and
! are not so apt to nest on the floor or
: tear up some other Homer's nest. They
j sthk to the clean, roomy nest. ind
i there are no bugs to drive them out.
The squabs stick to the nappy and
are not compolb-d to sit on a hard,
j dirty board and thus get sore, swollen
; hocks and crooked toes.
Then the nappy Is so easy to clean
! .lust a dip In scalding water and all
: filth and vermin are washed away.
: These two conveniences cost but little,
but count much for success.
DON'TS.
Don't have eyes and sec not and ears
and hear not. Nature now Is nt her
loveliest. To love nature is to become
lovely and to love nature's find.
iJon't exiMH-t fertile eggs from over
fat breeders. Feeding much corn
few chicks born.
Iion't pack eggs too tight In the In
cubator. If you equal the rapacity ad
vertised you do well, for they are often
a sell.
Iion't give the cluck more eggs than
she can cover comfortably. If you
crowd the cluck you have bail luck.
Iion't pile eggs on top of each olhor
ln ' lr,y- Tll-' l"l 'ggs over-
m
i fir, v .jMrpi
"J would rather
sell you
Wlirn your dealer tcIU you that yo j know
he'a Itonest.
! Ie may hnvt cheaper wnona iit stock, but he
noil's the Stude Lukcr is the best.
And so do you.
I le wants to give such pood wnRon value
thnt you will come back and demand a buggy
mude by the same people.
Stuilcbalkprs have been build inn wngons for sixty
years ami tlicy hnvo won the confidence of dealer and
famirr by building nut the cheapest but the Ao
wagons.
Whether you live in city, town or country, there's
n Studebaker to fit your needs. Farm wagons, trucks,
business and delivery wagons, surreys, buggies and
runobouts, with harness for each of the same high
quality as Studcbukcr vehicles.
k
5 eur Dtultt or writt ut.
STUDEBAKER South Bend, Ind.
W:Y YORK
MI.NNSAIMU
ClltCA lO IUU
sali iaks cur
D. P. Adamson & Co.,
Druggists
For Drugs, Patent Medicines, Chemicals
Lowney's Candies, Ice Cream Soda, Sta.
tionery and Prescriptions see
D. P. Adamson & Co.
DeLAVAL
Cream Separators
Sold on Easy Terms
Pioneer
Prineville, Oregon
NIGHT TRAIN SERVICE DAILY
Through Between
Cent'l Oregon! Portland
Beginning Sunday, June 22d, 1913
Tourist Sleeping Cars and First Class Coaches
This cervire in in lion of the day trainn run heretofore. Tlio
train will lenvo LJ.;nI ut 8:30 p. m.; DuHchuteH, 8:48 . ir..; Retl
mond, !):10 p. m.; Terrebonne, i):24 p. in.; Culver, 10:0'.! i, in.;
MutoliuH 10:20 p.m.; Madran 10:H0 p. tn.; Mecca, 1 1 :08 p. m.;
Maupin, 12:40 a. m ; Sherar, I ;08 a. m., arrive Portland 8:10 a. in.
Leave Portland 7:00 p. m., arrive Kliorar 3:011 a. m.; Mau
pin, 3:2( a. .ti.; Mecca, 5:18 a. in.; Madras, 0:00 a. tn.; Mntolius,
6:l.'i a. rn.; Culver, 0:28 a. m.; Terrebonne, 7:08 a. m.j Redmond,
7:2,3 a. in.; DenchuteH, 7:43 a. m.j Ilend, 8:00 a. m.
ConnoctioiiB are inudo in Portland to and from Willamette
Valley and I'uget Sound poinm.
Fares and schedule and 'detailH will be furniHlied on
applicatioii or by letter.
W. C. WH.KKS,
Asst. Gen. V. ife P. Agent.
U. J'AUKOL, Agent, Redmond, Ore.
a Studebaker
- AS KANSAS CITY t N
us rususm roTUNn.o.
Cream Co.
CENTRAL DREGQN LINE
R. II. CROZIER,
Asst. Gen. Pass. Agent.
G 19-tf
HAVE YOU
Filed ymir Peed? Of Course.
HAVE YOU
An Abut rod?
(Vrliilnly i i-h mm Inn an slolrsot now.
I n on know wIhtk your coiners urn,
Uvil, No, Nol viai'll),
Brcwiter Engiaecring Company,
I'lliirvillti, (iivguii, will liM'Mtii ilitiii tir
) mi siul Kiii.isiiti tin work. Survey
Inn, I'lniilnii, Iriinstluii I'.iigliii-itriiin,
I'lllillS I'lolircr IMl.
r
rJh A A A A A A A A A s
" RECEPTION " i
4
!
Champ Smith, Propr
4
4
Imported and Domestic
Cigars
" Famous Whiskies
Old Crow; I Irrniitngr; Kcd
Top Hyc; Yrllow Stone-;
C'amulmn Club; Crrntn
Kyr; Jamrs 1:1. IVpjMT;
Mcxirc'i Malt.
Porter, Ale and Olympia
Draft Beer on Tap.
! H
I M
2r
Imported Wines and
Liquors.
The Brosius Bar
Finest Brands of Wines,
Liquors and Cigars.
LACER BEER ON DRAUGHT
F. E. BROSIUS, Proprietor
Coroner's Coctail
Mix tlirw chorus (jirls with
Kb 1 1 1 it n y Hurl nml sunk in
'listnuipi until iiiiilniKht.
SiHM'.ii into an sutn. Ailil ik
il hti n joy iintl II (Irtniki'll
f ha ii ff it. Slinkn well. Servo nt
ci'Vi'iily milcH mi liimr
Ami ilo nut (uriti't tlml do
nil kin .la of photo work. 1(
.mil r wn ii t i ri (j hnving or
hiirviKtitig (lirttiri'ii, our
iricfH. Wo sro coiiHlniitly
mliliiiK iiiw niniriitiiH uml
doing heller work. See our
latent work mid he convinced.
Alimtenr IIiiIhIiIiiu ilmie iiently
nml iiilkl,v. Mull nrilera nt
lemleil to promptly. I'liotn
work exi'liiuiiceil (or wooil.
LAFLER'S STUDIO
We Strive to I'leime
Fruit Trees!
f) Central Oregon Grown
The only klml .von ein nffonl
to iilnnt. ILLUSTRATED
-.-.TALOGUE FREE. .Write
for one. 1'rleeM low enough
to HiirprlMe i on.
Lafollctte Nursery Co.
Prinrville, . It (I . Oregon
The Oregon Bar
At Ihf Old Stand
G. W. Wiley & Co., Prps
All kinds of Choice Liquors
Wines and Cigars.
Famous Ranier Beer in
Bottles and on Draft.