County Jomi
COUNTY OFFICIAL PAPER, $1.50 YEAR PRINEVILLE, CROOK COUNTY, OREGON, THURSDAY, JUNE 13, 1912.
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1VOL.XVI-N0.29
Crook
na!
Demonstration Farm Work
How Best to Conserve Moisture
The recent period of abundant
ruin full has left the soil unusuul
ly well Muppll&d with moUture,'
and with the tremendoua possi
bilities of our growing season
Just begun It seems desirable to
direct attention to the most sp
proved methods of conserving
this supply of moisture for the
use of crops throughout tho dry
months. The etllcUney of soil
water tnity be measured by the
aotuul useful work performed by
given quantity of this water.
To lncrso tho eQIcleiicy und
maintain the maximum supply of
water during our growing period
requires a earyful consideration
of tho nmsons for tho Iohh of wa
ter, and of tho meant of inuln
talnlng a suituUn supply.
A greater average moisture
content may be maintained (1)
by direct addition of water in ir
rigation; ('-') by Increasing the
witter capacity; (3) by checking
tho losses of water.
Omitting the first method, the
ovipomtton per mllo wind move
ment was found to be 1 per cent,
and a three foot windbreak saved
21 per rent of the lois of an ex
posed water surface. Evapora
tion from a soil surface depends
on the above and condition and
wetness of surfuceand character
of soil. Experiments conducted
throughout tho West show that a
wet soil surface may lose mora
than a water surface, b'jt where
tho top layer of soil becomes dry
there is a saving by storing wa
ter In tho soil tank. If we call
the loss from a water surfaco 100
per cent, then the unmulched
soil tank lost 50 7 per cent of tho
loss of the water surface; a 1
Inch mulch 81 1 per cent; 8 inch.
22 per emit; 0 inch, 15 5 per rent;
and a 9 inch mulch only 13.3 per
cent of tho loss of the water freo
surface. Ue of furrows in Irri
gatiou saved 22 per cent.
Mulching Is nt present th
most practical means of checking
evaporation, but Us importance
ground bss been compacted by
spring rains, it is desirable to
u?esuch tool as the ballock
weeder. Potato ground and cul
tivated fields need harrowing and
continued, level cultivation to
conserve moist-are and keep
weeds down. Alfalft field go
through tho dry months in butter
moisture condition and make
ing and plowing for fallow should
bn harrowed promptly afterward
nd after heavy rains to kill
weeds and maintain a mulch.
Providing windbreaks and
maintaining a cultivated so 1
mulch should increase the yields
in the dry farming sections, while
irrigation of moderate amounts
applied in deep furrows where
more growth with lower per cent! possible and followed promptly
of foreign matter where they
have been thoroughly cultivated
In early spring with the alfalfa
weeder and the loose earth rolled
or harrowed down, making a val
uable mulch. Karly spring plow
oy cultivation will save water,
which would otherwise injure the
soil, to be useful in enlarging the
irrigated areas.
W. L Powers.
Supt Crook Co. Demonstra
tion Farms
The New Home of the Crook County
Bank Completed This Week
Neighbors Laughed at Sundquist
Sundquist Now Laughs at Neighbors
Significant of the progressives.
of Prineville bankers and their con
fidence in the future growth of the
city, is the completion of the hand
some new building of the Crook
County Bank. The building and in
terior fixtures are the finest in Ccn
vaults can be gained by the knowl
edge that the walls are of rein
forced concrete 12 inches thick.
The doors opening into them are of
the heaviest construction manufac
tured. These vaults are divided
into two separate compartments,
water capacity of soil may be In- is not fully appreciated and made
creased by changing the texturej
and structure Any treatment!
such as liming or tillage which
will Increase tho mellowness of
tho soil and Introduce moro pore
space, makes It possible for the
soil to absorb more of tho late
spring ruins.
Tho only way of modifying the
texturo of soil is to increase tho
organic matter content as the per
cent of sand and clay Is fixed. In
experiments couducted by the
.writer It wa.Juund thutjbo wo.;,
tor capacity of the soil was in
creased on aa average of 8 per
cent for each per cent of manure
used. After applying manure to
the Held there was gain In mois
ture about the manured strata,
even before any Irrigation or rain
water was received.
The soil's supply of moisture
is lost in three ways, vis.:
(a) Percolation can bo losson
ed In irrigation by using only
modorate amounts of water, und
this should bo much less for cul
tivated crops than for meadows.
A loose, cultivated surface will
prevent percolation of spring
rains over tho surfaco.
(b) Transpiration is the pas
sage of water up through the
plant and out through the pores
in the leavos and will vary some
what with tho drought resistance
and water requirements of differ
ent plants. The loss Is greater
In proportion to the amount of
energy used In securing tho wa
ter. Lifting water from depths,
poor cultivation, poor fertility
conditions, arid weather, ele
ments, all have some effect on the
water cost of dry matter.
(c) Evaporation is responsi
ble for the greatest waste of soil
moisture, and it Is this loss that
must be understood and con
trolled. Evaporation consists of
the absorption of water in the
form of vapor by the air. The
capacity of tho air for vapor de
pends on temperature percentage
saturation of tho air, wind move
ment and other atmospheric con
ditions. Evaporation from a
water surfaco is a good indicator
the mean oftoct of all weather
conditions upon evaporation of
soil moisture. Measurement of
evaporation is as important as
measurement of ruin fall. The
annual evaporation here from a
water surfaco is somethiog like
tour foot. We find by sxperi
mont that wind movement has
more effect on evaporation than
temperature and humidity com
bined. The mean increase in
tral Oregon, while the interior j having one aoor leaaing irom me
e.aipment is considered finer than j special customers' room to the safe
anvthlnsr In any city in the United deposit vault, wmcn is equippea
Suites which is not on a railroad.
uss of. Mulches absorb rainfall
and lesson runoff; lesson capil
lary rise nnd evaporation; aid
ventilation; encourage deep root
ing und make plants more
drought resistant.
The mulch must be provided
promptly to be most effective,
and the aim should be ta stir the
uooer stratum which Is to form!
the mulch so that It will dry out
rupidly and it will then interrupt
upward capillarity from below.
Tho kind of mulch which Is most
effective Is one that contains a
good proportion of crumbs from
the size of a pea to that of a wal
nut, and is kept dry by cultiva
tion throughout Its entire depth.
To provide such a mulch it is
necessary to cultivate when the
soil Is yet moist enough to hold
together in small lumps. In cul
tivating the soil should be turned
but not pulverized to a dust.
Tho time to cultivate must be
modified for each particular soil,
but in general, levol cultivation
every twelve or fifteen days to a
depth of - or 8 Inches gives the
most effective and economical
kind of a mulch. Cultivation
must bo most frequent early In
the season and should bo given
after heavy ruins to prevent
crusting. The depth of cultiva
tion should be varied slightly and
a sandy soil that Is naturally
mulched will lose more moisture
if tho mulch is fined or inverted
so as to expose moist soil unnec
essarily. In places whore tho
grain wos put in early and the
Architecturally the building is
very massive in appearance. It in
two stories hiirh and is constructed
of a dark bassalt stone. It was dc
signed so as to allow spacious quar
ters for the bank on the first floor, j
and has well-appointed offices on the
second floor.
The interior fixtures are very
beautiful. They are a combination
of marble, bronze and mahogany.
The entire front of the counter Is of
verd antique and Toheen Alaska
marbles, surmounted by a solid ma
hogany top screen with bronze pan
els, while the partitions forming the
directors' and safe deposit rooms
are of mahogany with beautiful
panels of art glass. The main lobby
is of tile with wainscoting of verd
antique marble.
An idea of the security of the
C. J. Sundquist was in Monday j
making; arrangements to prove up on
his homestead seven miles north of
Prineville. This is the place that
Sundquist was laughed at by neigh
bors for filing on a few years ago.
Now look at it. He has a big
stand of rye 6 feet 10 inches high.
He has wheat 3 ffet high. He
has 20 acres in beans. Thirty
acres in potatoes. Seven thousand
head of cabbage. He has water-
melons, cantaloupes, muskmelons,
and a few strawberries. He tried a
new scheme of covering his straw
berry plants but it didn't work. He
will know better next time. His
fruit looks fine, he say?. When
asked to name the different varieties
he explained that it was just a
regular family orchard. He was
r.ot going into horticulture just yet,
but he would have loads of apples,
peaches plums, prunes, etc., for
family use. He has tomatoes
"just say you cannot mention any
thing I cannot raise on my place in
the vegetable line. And mind you,"
said Mr. Sundquist, "people thought
I was crazy when I took it up. ' To
day I wouldn't trade it for any
ranch in Lrook county. I came
here with nothing but a big family
and had hard luck in breaking my
leg freighting, but I stuck to it and
I'm mighty glad I did."
Mr. Sundquist is but one of
many farmers that are made glad
they came to Crook county and
stuck.
Suplee Hometeaders are Delighted
With Eastern Crook County
with the latest styles of safe deposit
boxes for the convenience of cus
tomers, while the other door opens
into the working space which is se
curely guarded from the public.
This vault is used exclusively for
books and the home of the burglar-
proof coin safe.
The Crook County Bank was
founded in November, 1904, by W,
A. Booth, Fred W. Wilson, D. F.
Stewart and C. M. Elkins. The
present officers are W. A. Booth,
president; D. F. Stewart, vice
president; C. M. Elkins, cashier; L.
A. Booth, assistant cashier. The
bank has a paid up capital of $36,-
000 and a surplus of $14,000. The
popularity and growth of this insti
tution is evidenced by its progres
sive spirit in giving to Prineville a
bank with facilities and equipment
equal to any city bank.
Big Irrigation Dam
Finished hy August
The State Land Board in a meet
ing recently at Salem has approved
and accepted the 125,000 bond of
the Central Oregno Irrigation Com
pany, which is now building a large
dam and canal on the river near
Deschutes, in Crook county. The
work will be finished by August. The
total expenditure on the dam and
canals, which will feed thousands of
acres, will be $150,000.
The dam will be 35 feet high and
is being constructed at one of the
swiftest points of the Deschutes
near the town. The company has
recently constructed its own home,
in the heart of the business of Des'
chutes, of stone quarried within a
stone's throw of the town. The
firm is one of the most active in the
development of Central Oregon and
the arid wastes which it will make
rich and fertile will soon be classed
with the best of productive soils on
the eastern side of the Cascades.
Mre. E. J. Clark of Suplee passed j
through Prineville Monday on her
way home from the railroad. Erwin
J. Clark, her husband, and family,
came to Crook county four years
asro from the Palouse country, in
Washington. He took up a 320
aere homestead in the Suplee
country and liked it so will that
they sent for his sons-in-law to
come and do likewise, which they
did. Louis Miller filed on 320 and
so did Oscar Oberg. Miss Bertha
Clark, a daughter, also filed on a
160 acre homestead.
lhe hrst year or two were
pretty hard ones to get over," Mrs.
Clark says, but after that things
began to come easier. We had to
work out to get a start but we mac-
aged to get ahead a little. The
third year we had quite a harvest
and this year will be a bumper.
Rye is waist high. Now we have
hogs and cattle which are doing
fine. There is lots of water and
plenty of wood within six miles.
We are building a new barn. We
have a rural mail delivery and a
telephone line. We did our part in
getting both these conveniences.
They were not here when we came.
While we are a long distance from
a railroad, yet we would not take
anything for our homestead. We
like the people out there and we
like the country."
When asked if there were plenty
of homesteads to be had out there
Mrs. Clark replied that there was
lots of land. Just what kind of
homesteads it would make she was
not able to say. "One's first im
pressions of the country are not
very favorable. If we had acted on
ours we would not now have such a
good prospect for our declining
years nor for our growing boys.
''Yes, I have three boys one 14,
one 17 and one 19. Well, be sure
and send the Journal," and with
these parting words the lady left
for her Suplee home.
Special Sale.
I mutt sell all the following goods
between now and Saturday next, as I
have to move away. Team, Wagon,
Buggy and Harness, Cow, Chickens,
r'nnv. and Saddles. Oman, Kange,
Pretser, Bedstead, Springs and other
household eftvew.
LAST CHANCE. SAT., Jt'XE 15TH.
On view one dor west of Winnek's
drug store, Prineville, Ore. J. 8. FOX.
Brown Leghorns
Pure-bred Brown Leghorn eggs, $1
setting; day old chicks. Mrs. I.ki.a
Zkul, Prineville. Ore. 3 7
Three-year Homestead
Bill Now a Law
The Borah-Jones three years
homestead bill became a law last
witness that the report is untrue
and that I have in your presence
shown my belief in the wisdom of
reducing the burden upon the home
steader." As he said it President Taft smiled
broadly, and the assembled Con-
Thursday at 10, at which hour gressmen appreciated his reference
it was signed by President Taft in J to Roosevelt's recent claim to credit
the presence of a delegation of for the creation of a bureau of
Western Congressmen. After
signing the bill the President turned
to those present and said:
"Gentlemen, I am glad you were
here and saw me affix my name to
this bill, making it a law, If within
a few days we hear from a certain
place that this bill became a law
without my signature, you will bear
fx- - ; , sT
r - vU3
A v -i i - . i i-ly
1 , M . - - --- - - ...
, o m President Gomes of Cuba requested President Taft not to Issue orders of Intervention until it was absolutely necessary, declar
WCWS on&pSilOtS jng tnat Cuba could overcome the uprising herself. General Monteagudo Is In command of the federal forces and Admiral
Vffa h Hugo Osterhaus is In charge of the American fleet The German cruisers Moltke, Bremen and Stettin arrived In New York
MC W6CK harbor on their official visit to this country. Joe Dawson, driving a National car, won the 500 mile Memorial day race at In
dianapolis in 0 hours 21 minutes, creating a.ncw world's record. Mexican federals under the command of General Huerta took possession of the cities of
Jlmluea and Parral after sharp skirmishing. John D, Rockefeller was a witness In a suit brought against the Standard Oil company la Mew York.
mines, which was actually created
by a law passed when Roosevelt was
in Africa and which President Taft
signed.
Face Possibility of
Being Recalled
A Bend dispatch to the Telegram
says: "Without a Mayor since
February 26, when Mayor U. C
Coe's resignation was accepted,
Bend people have put the matter up
to the City Council in such a way
that they must elect a city executive
or face the probibility of being re
called. A petition signed by 180
men, practically three-fourths of the
voting population, has been pre
santed to the Council asking it to
act. That body has set June 18 as
the date when a meeting will te
held for the purpose of naming a
Mayor.
The citizens became aroused ioU
lowing the murder of Carrie Patter
son in the restricted district. They
asked that a Mayor be elected to
see that the laws are enforced and
and that the lid be screwed down
tight This the Council had done,
prior to the presentation of the pe
tition. For Sale or Trade.
Ohe Warrior Jack, four years old,
for sale or will trade for good horses.
Warranted. Address,
6-13-2t Neil Slt, LaPine, Ore.