JULY 7, 2017, KEIZERTIMES, PAGE A3
WAR,
continued from Page A1
That alone was a tricky
prospect
because
patients
could only ingest so much
without becoming poisoned.
A smaller tool, developed by
a Confederate surgeon, was
inserted into the nostrils and
would have allowed for longer
sedation because the patient
could still draw oxygen through
the mouth.
“But it was discarded after
the war because it was assumed
that the Confederate surgeon
didn't know the job well
enough,” Cross said.
Given the nature of the
tools available and the horrifi c
injuries suffered on the
battlefi eld, Civil War surgeons
have a bad rap as “butchers”
who didn't care. Reading the
diary of a surgeon returning
home from the battlefront
changed Cross' mind.
“He was going home from
Gettysburg after spending such
a long time in the fi eld that
he couldn't open and close his
hands anymore. His assistant had
to put tools in his hand and close
his fi st around them,” Cross said.
“He said he did it because he
wasn't sure who would do it if
he wasn't in the fi eld. This was
someone who really cared.”
Many
re-enactors
are
encouraged to read letters from
the time period, but Cross
fi nds diaries to be much more
illuminating because the authors
never expected them to be read
by family members.
Cross said he spends a lot of
time in libraries researching the
time period, but he was greatly
helped by reproductions of
actual surgeon manuals given to
Union and Confederate troops.
“They're written in such
a way that even if the surgeon
hadn't performed the procedure
before, an assistant could read it
to him while he was working,”
Cross said.
Corporal Tim O'Neal,
with the 116th Pennsylvania
Volunteers, also found his calling
off the battlefi eld. After starting
as infantry in 2013, he and wife
KathyJo are now artifi cers in the
engineering corp.
“Basically, it means we can
go out and tell 100 other people
what to do,” Tim said.
Tim and KathyJo are working
on a Cumberland pontoon,
a folding bridge capable of
spanning a large divide such as
a river. Tim made his way to
the engineering corps because
he could put his carpentry and
metalworking skills to use.
“I just kind of got tired of
shooting at each other. I prefer
to build than anything else,
so I busted myself down from
sergeant to artifi cer,” Tim said.
Artifi cers were the skilled
workers with specialties like
carpentry or blacksmithing who
worked closely with offi cers
that were frequently graduates
of West Point. Tim joined the
116th Pennsylvania because his
family hails from New Jersey
and Pennsylvania. Tim's third
great grandfather served with
the 15th New Jersey during the
Civil War.
“Re-enacting gives you a
real sense of what they went
through,” Tim said. “Even the
tools we use to make things
are the same ones I remember
seeing and working with
alongside my grandfather.”
KathyJo started as part of
the cooking unit with some of
the other wives in the troop,
but found she liked working
alongside her husband better.
Tim handles the woodworking
and cutting while KathyJo
coats the wood in linseed oil
and paints. During the past fi ve
years, they've built everything in
their campsite from tables and
chairs to the metal stoves.
“We built it all, we don't buy
anything,” KathyJo said. She
wants Tim's next project to be
a wagon to haul it all into camp.
A
B
C
D
E
A: Andrew Heely, William
Coito and Spencer Mueller
muster for a photograph.
B: Union offi cers inspect their
troops.
C: Karen Bell, of Corvallis,
shelters from the heat under
a parasol.
D: Confederate soldiers fi re a
cannon.
E: Confederate soldiers are
shot while making a charge
on the fi eld.
F: A Union regiment lost
several
soldiers
while
capturing a Confederate post.
F
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