-qp Mr*** ^ ~ * f * j l ¿ l j L , r~ ■T > * * - i ^ * m * ‘ V ' ' I » . . w % % «■ **ÄL«. * * V * lß - S tandardization CUTS FLEET C0S1 I --------------- ¡Ships Built Cheaper Than Wa: Believed Possible Before the W ar. TAKE THEIR REST ON FLOOR Russtan Peatgnt* Have Bed« That Ara Co&tly. but l'ney Do Not Slum­ ber on Them. In the home of a Russian peasant Penis Oars tin discovered the great bod. according to the Youth'a Com­ panion. The is Him, says Mr. Garstln, was small, scrupulously tidy and ooiVtvd with ornaments. The walla were en­ tirely bidden with Ikons—some .'!•' of them— sacred pictures, cheap litho­ graphs o f die czec, czarina and their cliliui-u, calendars decorated with saints alid lovers nnd crude photo­ graphs e f their owu family taken Ht a fair. But by far the most Imposing article, dogiinutli g ever all in the room and insisting on a»! o'»s» rvasice, was the tied. It was a massive creation iu Itself, made still more imposing by layer on layer o f bedding and amttresses ami pillows reaching high u;> the wall and covered with black and red embroid­ ered counterpanes. It was a monu­ ment of lyusstut. iieus.iut respectability rather than a suggestion o f any repose. I was marveling ut it when tbe baba returned, laden with title» |«>iato pasties and wine aud fruit. W e sat down to eat and tuy companion ex­ plained who we wore aud gave tin* mes­ sages. Tlie old woman nearly em­ braced us in her effusive welcoming. A boy was sent to cull in the husband, who was out on the hillside gathering fagots. A little girl went toddling down the village to round up all the relatives she could find, uud soon we were fhe center o f a crowd of rough peasants, who tried to cover their shy­ ness by pressing us continually to eat. The husband, a shock-headed old peasant, came last. Ills wife jioured out all the news to him, referring every moment to us for confirmation of euoh detail, and whenever we said "truly" to her remarks he turned his hut round in his hands and said: "Thank Clod, but eat aud drink some more.” “ You have a very flue house," I s.tid to him. He stuVed at me. puzzled l>y unusual “ you." "Yes," he said finally, struggling In­ to the plural, "we b:.ve. Tell Lukyan he must come to visit us with every one. There is much room.” “ But only one bed?" I said. Again I puzzled him. "Yes,” he said, “ there is a bed, of course.” My companion nudged me. “ No one sleeps in a bed,” he whispered. The baba, glad o f any reference to that piece of furniture, had stripped off the covering. "See,” she said, “ one, two, three, four— 15 mattresses. That is enough for every one, is it not?” "They all sleep on the floor," said my companion. “ My grandfather u-ed to. tis>, when he was staying In the country.” LOSE DUKHQBORS / / Peculiar Scot in Canada Going Back to Russia. Their Departure a Few Veer« Ago W ciid Have Been Hellei. With Delight, but Sentiment Mae Undergone a Change. The announcement that Peter Veri­ gin, the leader of the 10.000 to 11.000 Russian Dukhobors. or Dfikhobnrtay, basMlednml his Intention o f returning to Russia with hip follow er* hast caused Great Saving in Cert and Meinteipnc r mild setisatlon In Canada. Fifteen of Ships by Adopting Standard years ago « simllnr announcement Size* snd Patterns— tong weald leave been received by tlie pet»- Hauls Cut. pie of woelerti Caiuid’n with etpres- st>.1 is o f devout gratitude. 'the Il­ Washlnittno.—An Item »Mc?i even literate pennant “ splrlt-wrestlera," as nally will appear iu treniomlons H-. the^r name Iinptle’, \vs»rr disliked a* ur«*s on tl:e ert“ !!t side of the cr m religious fanatics, who herded tie w rr livl^er to help 'Net some o! th g»tner in community houses, and sttwseriujr figure' * the debit side wil though iieaeenhle and Industrious in* the added we h to the nation < peasants, refused to conform to Cana­ « moroltaui lie« . tti«* lingo Amor dian laws nnd regulations or to ac­ ■ of the war luivi »lil. li the domn cept nationality. But now everywhere brought into osisun co mid which, pes 1« western Canada they ore Recognized siioists to th* contrary notwIlUsimi1 a* remarkable colonists, even If bad iug. will not lias« with the passing o citizens, while Peter Verigin Is m*- hostilities. knowledged to be a genuine lender o f The Tnlted States Is turning out a men. this time not only many more ship» The Dukhobor has never been a wan­ than ever before In the history of tin derer of Ills own free will. He 1ms nation, bur many more thau any olhei moved from place to place In Europe nation ever turned out in the sam« ns the rv«ulf o f consistent iwsecutlon. ‘ apace of time. And. too, they are be Church uad state went for him "hnm- ing built cheaper than before the wai na r and tongs,” the one telling him that all religious sects must lie brought it was believed within the range ol it to conformity with established Greek possibilities. And the great secret ol Catholicism, the other that he must 1 this rapidity of construction and econ­ lieconie a soldier under the conscrip­ omy o f cost Is summed up iu one wore tion act o f 1NS7. At first he complied —standardization. with the military law and wont off to In times o f peace the building ol battle, but with the distinct under­ nierchaut ships in the United State? standing between him and the elders J was not quite a lost art. but it certain­ that If he were compelled to discharge ly »a s far from being one of the great his rifle he would Are it In the air. and important industries here. The For he has always been a consistent 'United States pevernment was keep bonreslxtant. and so consistent nn op­ J Ing hands off iuid there was little eu- ponent of war o f all kinds that, in exile ieouracoliuut for private capital to gc lr the Caucasus, th** community threw I into the enterprise. But when the war away the weapons thut had been con­ • came all was changed. A great fleet sidered necessary to protect Us mem­ ¡of merchant ships became necessary bers fr"tn wild animals. ¡for the successful prosecution of the In the first year o f their settlement i war, for the conveyance o f troops and In Canada, the men scattered In ordej j supplies to the eouutries overseas. The to earn wages on farms, on railways, Uidted States government undertook nnd sawmills. Meanwhile, the women the task. Time became an important built the future residences and. luck­ ¡factor and then it was discovered that ing horae«, plowed the land by har­ laek of standardization Vas a serious nessing themselves. 12 pairs of wom­ handicap and must be overcome if rap- en to a plow with one plowman to >id progress and economy in cost were drive them! |to be considered. Standardization was Brilliant, In British Columhln. is one necessary and standardization was put o f t ie great Dukhobor centers and the into practice. socialist's Utopia. Here tlie commu­ Benefits of Standardization. nity is wholly self-contained and has t The manufacture of clothing, hats realiz'd something of that equnlttss of and shoes is largely stuydurdiz-'d us It.« eomimnent citizens for which there to aiz -s and patterns. For th rea­ is so mueh striving in the world to­ son a standardized suit of clothes or a day. In contrast to the modern city, pair o f shoes costs much les.« than so- Thought Curb a Pantomime. there are no anxieties concerning the called made to < rdtr apparel. It is be­ Tw o English orticers, accompanied source o f the next day’s needs. There cause standardization permits of the liy uu American lieutenant, were >ut are evidently no divisions between use of labor-saving machinery, plus sight-seeing the other afternoon, and “ mine" and "thine" no Jealousies or en­ quantity of production. Other familiar bs they wended their way dow n Broad vies over the possession* o f another, for examples of su< • < **ful standardization street were amazed at the crowds r.o man is richer than Ids fellow. No are found in tie dollar watch and the *• ¡Hiding in front of the subtreasury, money Is in circulation. One member corresponding flung in automobiles. where the glee club of the police de­ of the executive does all the outside America's problem, then, is to make partment was giving a concert us u selling and buying, and nil moneys a dollar ship, «o to speak, or, if you part of an effort to sell ti. ¡lets for the received are turned over to the p •■fer it, a seagoing “ flivver," some- police lield day, the New York corre- ttensury. Money, In fact, has no .. g easily replaced in whole or In sp indent of tlie Pittsburgh Dispatch purchasing value within the commu­ p. rt, but at the ■ nine time a thorough­ writes. A little farther down was an nity. Ail the necessaries of life are ly sound proposition from the stand­ orator selling W ar stamps, while over doled out without It by the various point of utility and economy. This on Broadway Uie party was entertained Everybody mei.ii . standardization all along the by u man climbing up the side o f a departments in charge. has the wherewithal, which Is not o f line, i'he mor< nearly the fabricated building. Then they came to tbe curb silver and gold, and there Is no theft, shapes for hulls and all ship machinery market and naturally thought this was any more than there Is visible machin­ and ship equipment conform to further entertainment. " I say,” re­ ery o f government. The govern­ standard sizes or patterns, the greater marked the elder o f the Englishmen, ment is the people. Once a week they will be the saving in initial cost and “ I can understand the chap going up crowd Into the latge assembly ball and maintenance o f ships. the building and the ‘bobbles' singing, discuss the affairs of the commu­ It Is the purpose o f the United but I cawn’t get the Idea of this pan­ nity, and the managers of tlie sev­ States Shipping Board Emergency tomime.” The American officer has­ eral departments are given their 'n- Fleet corporation to effect this, some­ tened to assure his guests that this structions according to popular sen­ thing it has already accomplished with was not un entertainment, but the seri­ timent. The Dukhobors possess the respect to many things. The fact ous business o f trading in stocks. system of initiative, referendum and that no such thing existed when "Now stop your spoofing,” said the recall in an admirably simplified emergency shipbuilding Ix-gan made Englishman. "Don't I see u chap made form ; their officials and tempo­ early progress slow. There were not up like Ht-my Irving?” He had seen ral representatives hold office us only the p.obums o f organization, but Percy «iuard. dean of the curb brokers. long as they do their work well. the further complications always at­ In the crowd. What is the explanation of these tending large construction enterprises peculiar people who live so simply before materials and methods have Columbus’ Name Perpetuated. on n farm or ranch which may become fully standardized. Cristobul-Colon, the Joint city of stretch for miles along the road and Long Hauls Eliminated. Colon in the republic of Punaina. and stately Columbia river? Apd can Under standardization it is possible Cristobal in Hie ennui zone, is the Canada afford to lose the "sisters” to let contracts on u geographical as Spanish name for Christopher Colum­ and "brothers” o f a community who well as cost basis, thus eliminating bus, the first limn who sought an all- have budded better than they knew, long distance hauls. Under tbe old plan water route arrow the isthmus, in tils who have created a unique «fate in It was sometimes necessary to ship quest for a new patli to Asia. But the midst of the wild?— Christian boats and rafts from Vancouver, history shows that Columbus never I Science Monitor. Wash., to Bristol, i’ a. This meant bore that name while living. He was high transportation cost. born of a family known as "Colombo” Lest ef Kin ef Great Novelist Dies. In the early days blocks came iD and when In- entered the Spanish serv- ! William Dickens, the last kin of ¡¿00 different sizes. Blocks and fittings ice he changed his name to “ Cristobal the great novelist, Charlex Dickens, have been so < ut In size as to increase Colon," yet we insist on calling him d‘ed recently at his home In Hamilton, plant facilities about 35 per cent. “Columbus.” The Panauian and Out. Mr. Dickens w h s born in Hiuiin- Manufacturers are now concentrating American cities o f Colon and Cristo­ stone, England, where his father, on production »h e re formerly a large bal, situated at the Atlantic entrance George Adams Dickens, kept the Ad­ part of the business included the mak­ to tlie Panama canal, are so nutned In miral Nelson, an old public house. ing o f new dies with attending in­ recognition of the great explorer, and William Dickens came to this country crease in cent. a massive bronze statue represent ing about ten years ago, accompanied by In the case o f costly machinery, Columbus presenting before the court his wife, Etnily Ktennes, and his young­ such as boilers and engines, standardi­ of .Spain one of the native Indians of est daughter. Mr. Dickens was seven­ zation has eliminated many intermedi­ the new land he find di-o-nvered waa ty-five years o f age, nnd |s>»seesed a ate sizes. Nautical Instruments, ereeled many years ago on the s< a n net interesting character, resembling plumbing flxtnrcs, winches, wlndluvxe* front of Cristohnl-Colon, and still In some wavs Ids great cousin. When —In fact, all of the thousand snd oo< stnnds as n monument to the memory Charles Dickens was passing through things tilt*« go to make a fully equip­ o f one o f the world s most Intrepid ex­ the little town of Braudetone he ped sh p— will be entirely standard­ plorers. stopped at his cousin's Inn, and. no­ ized whenever It Is possible to accom­ ticing the little bright-eyed hoy, patted plish it. Standardization has Invaded Sheep end Wool for Japan. him on the buck and f assist mis aiid h irt< .. The plan through th“ l(|r If If I- to he inain- faith tin* Indian and Crimean wars of aeti.n outlined alii require ten fid'xd aloft, and a maxim un air speed ls>nl ituihven Joined tip the day war years to work nut, hut It i- the inten­ lr cg'-es« of which it cannot “ iifely he nun declared and has been s< rving tion to make Japan m ¡f-sup|w>rtlng n* nres -dlvcd for tlie various components »luce « an extra king's messenger f i r as the country'.- wool requirement* • .ill n< t -rend tlie strain beyond a cer­ end assistant provost marshal In Lou me coucerucd. , tain given point. r-'O. ll* i ilghty years old. ÂB3S WEALTH TO NATIO! »V , I '*11 y> \ A - {{S a «SO»—- « : - W hen the Engine Stalls on Dead Man’s Curve! H E Y climb nboard their loaded truck at sundown, fitteen miles behind the lines. T h ey rv.-nbia through the winding streets, out on the white road that leads to Germany I T T h e man at the wheel used to be a broker in Philadelphia. Beside him sits an accountant from Chicago. A news­ paper man from the Pacihc Coast is the third. N o w they all w ear th j uni­ form o f one o f these organizations. "W h -r-r-o o m !” T h a t one w*»s close fceh»nd. T h e fragments o f tlie shell a rj rattung on the truck. N o w shells are falling, further bnck along the road. And the driver feels the summit as his wheels begin to pick up speed. Straight down a village street in which the buildings are only skeletons o f buildings. H e wheels into the court­ yard o f a great shell-tom chateau. T h e road sweeps round a village and on n tree is nailed a sign: “ Attention! I/Ennem i Vous Voitl * T h e Enemy Lees Y o u !" “ W ell, you made It again I seel" says a smiling face under a tin hat a face that used to kx>k out over a congrega­ tion in Rochester. T h ey »¿lance far up ahead nnd there, suspended in the evening light, they bee a Hun balloon. “ Y e p !" says the driver glancing at his watch. “ And w e came up Dead Man's Curve in less than three minutes — including one stall!” “ Say. w e can see him plain tonight!" murmurs the accountant from Chicago. “ A rd don’t forget,” replies the Phila­ delphia broker, “ that he can see us just cs plain." T h e packing cases creak and groan, the truck plods on— straight toward that hanging menace. T h ey reach another village— where heaps o f stone stand under crumpled walls. Then up they go, through the strange Bilence broken only when a great pro­ jectile inscribes its arc o f sound far overhead. T h ey reach a turn. T h e y take it T h e y face a heavy incline. For half e mile it stretches and they know the Germans have the range o f every inch o f it. T h e mountain over there is where the big B o d ies’ guns are fired. This incline is their target. » T h e three men on the truck bring up their gas masks to the alert, settle their Bteel helmets closer on their heads. At first the camion holds its speed. Then it slackens off. The driver grabs his gear-shift, kicks out his clutch. The engine heaves— and heaves— and stalls! “Quick! Spin it!” calls the driver. The California journalist has jumped H e tugs at the big crank. “ W h-r-r-r-r-r-r-room l" The shell breaks fifty yards behind Another digs a hole beside the road just on ahead And then the engine comes to life. . It crunches, g ro a n s and an sw ers. Slowly, with maddening lack of haste, it rumbles on. Later that n!ght tw o American boys, fresh from the trenches bordering that shattered town, stumble up the stairs o f the chateau, into a sandbagged r