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About The Stayton mail. (Stayton, Marion County, Or.) 1895-current | View Entire Issue (March 6, 1913)
THE STÄYT0N MAIL PART TWO STAYTON. MARION COUNTY, OREGON, TIIi:RHI)AY. MARCH 6. 191-1 FOUR PAGES Spring Spraying Highly Important Use of Proper Methods Goes Far to Protect Orchards Against Insect Pests and to Make Good Crops Certain T IH nut accessary that on« know all abeut all the many different kind» of sprays, coininrr.-ial and horn« made, or that our hr a scientific expert in entomology ami |>laat path utugy in ordrr to wag« a successful warfare against tho host* of orrhard and garden poet« which marehal their foraan in the apringtlme. If one un daratande the uaafulneea of three or foar af the etandard »pray«, geti a good loimp, aad goee to work with a deter miaatioa to do the thing thoroughly, the odila are all again*! the pests. ilot fin t, o f courea, it i* understood that epraymg i* not an abaoluta euro ail far every III that trees are heir to. Many diseases and some insects as wall sannot be reached in this way. Meet of the mom important ones can be hold in check so, however, if the appliaation is made at the right time. And sprays that are good for one d iffi culty may have no effect whatever in the control of another, even If used at the proper time, just as the right spray will do no good if used at the wroug time of year. Knew the pests rifs in your particu lar neighborhood and those to which tho crop you are tryiug to grow la par tieularly prone, and then learn the •prays that are best adapted to their control, and the use of them. I Classes of Posts Moot of tho insoct pests may be di vided roughly into two classes, those that shew and those that suck. To overcome the former a poison applica tion must be used—something they will swallow—while for the others a spray mast bo used which will kill by direct contort with their bodies. For the codling moth, for instance (oao of the “ ehewers” ), the usual poison is arsenate o f lead, and many reasonably pure commercial brands are to bo bad on the market. These, how ever, may be divided- into two clauses, for general purposes,—The acid arse natmi and the neutral, or normal arse nates. It seems better, from experi ment, to use the neutral rather than tho acid arsenates with a lime sulphur •pray. Usually the directions given say three pounds of the arsenate of lead to 00 gallons of water, but la dry climates, such as that in eastern Ore gon, equally good results are obtained in spraying for codling moth when but Poet Joaquin Passes Away Writer W ho Immortalized the Sierras Comes to the End of His Life in c in n a t i ;« h e in e m il l e r , C to famo as Joaquin Miller, tho ' ‘ I’oet o f the «terras,” is dead. He died ns be had lived, in the romanco o f the west, his last days boing spent in a cabin in the mountains, lie was dis tinetly a product of tho i ’acific bor der, only 10 years of his boyhood hav ing boon spent east o f the Rockies. His paaaion was the mountain land; he lived in It and o f it, sang o f it, made it stand out in stencil boldness in Weird tales. Us waa born in 1841 in Indiana and in I860 came to Oregon with his fa ther. Ho attended school for a while and at the age of 111 was a miner in «haata county, California. He was in a battle with the Indians at Castle craig and w iis wounded twice. A fter ward he lived three years with the In diana. Later he went back to Oregon, attending school at Eugene. He stud iod law and was elected a judge in Clraat county. While on the bench, he published a book, “ Joaquin et A l.” la 1870 ho left Oregon, going to San Francisco, and, finally, to London, where he produced his “ Song* o f the Sierras." From 1870 to 1880 he wrote and published his “ Songs o f Italy,” wrote the play, “ Danitos, Forty Nine,” the prose book, “ Unwritten History, or Life among the Modoc Indians," and a novel, “ The Destruction of (lotham.“ From 1880 to 1800 he wrote “ Hoaga of the Mexican Seas” and “ Building the City Beautiful.” In 1H83 ha went hack to San Francisco, amoeiating himself with Herr Wagner, then editor of the Golden Era maga zine. Ho bought a hundred acres on the hills above Oakland, where he built a small cabin, planted thousands of trees and made his permanent home. From 1804 to 190.3 Joaquin Miller was on the lecture platform, with the excep tion o f one year, 1897, when he went to the Klondike and made a remark able trip of 400 mile* by foot. In 1900 he published his couplets poems. a third a» much arsenate is used. If gus pests as well. It may be used, in J drawn o ff and stored for future use or because his orchard is usually teas se- one wishes to bit both inserts and fun proper dilution, either for winter or diluted and put at once on the trees. r otisly infested owing to the better gus posts with oue spray, the arsenate summer »praying. The lime sulphur It i» important to know the strength care it has received. uf lead may tie combined with a Bor spray rnay be applied in the spring to of the solution, aa injury to the or “ An almost universal practice in deaux or a lime sulphur solution as peach rree» a» a preventive o f the chard may occur otherwise, if the spray Oregon—and a good oae—is to spray though the latter were water. peach leaf curl, ami it will also be i* too weak to do the work or so the orchard whatever the kind o f fruit, Kerosene (coal oil, aa it ia commonly likely to kill o ff the hibernating lar «trong as to cause lime-burn. I f one with lime-sulphur at some time when known) ia a vary powerful weapoo vse of the bud moth. intend» to prepare his own spray he the trees arc dormant. While this ap against the sucking insects, but if used plication is made primarily for Ban undiluted will cause serious injury to Jose scale, we believe there is no other the plant*. By makiug an emulsion which has such a generally beneficial These Men Jlre Helping Fruit io Become Healthy (soap ia usually used) it can be diluted result, it ia tbe annual ‘ house-clean with water easily, the common combi in g’ of tbe orchards. “ nstiun being two gallons of the oil to A Good Time a gallon o f water and about half a Just before tbe buds open in the pound o f soap. Whale oil soap is best, spring is n good lime for this spraying, but others may be used. in cane there is a serious infection of To make such an emulsion the soap the scale. Bince spring and fall spray should be dissolved in the water by ing with lime-sulphur for apple eeab boiling it, and then added, while still and anthraenose was introduced, there boiling, to the oil. A spray pump is has been far less need of winter spray the easiest sod most thorough rnethud ■ ng, which may, indeed, be omitted ea of churning the mixture into the pro|>er tirely in accb cane, except where the consistency, a thick, creamy mass on orchards have been neglected for a which the oil will not rise, even when long time. left standing some time. It may be The young orchard should be given a used at once or kept in stock, as on« »pray with summer-strength lime-sul chooses. Eight or ten parts o f water phur mixture just at the time the trees to one of the emulsion is the right di are coming into- bloom. I f the aphis lution fur the final spray solution. For in any form ia troublesome, either of green aphis, woolly aphis, red spiders, the black-leaf preparations may be mealy bugs and some scale insects this added. A bearing orchard ought to be is a good remedy. »prayed just as the blossom buds begin Rome o f the sucking insects •” just to show eolor, or even alightly before. ce n ’t stand tobacco,” and in that they This ia the firat spray for apple scab. resemble the elephant and the monkey. I f tbe bod moth is found, or other leaf- Therefore “ black leaf ” and “ black- eating inserts, two pounds of arsenate leaf 40“ are too well known inaecti- of lead may be added to every 50 gal eidea for use on tha plant lice, leaf lons o f the spray. In cane of aphis bop|iera, apple tingia and others. The troubles, the black-leaf may be uaed. former is used with six times aa much Orchards badly infested with tbe ap water or lime-sulphur. Tha latter, ple scab should have a second spray however, ia extrouiely concentrated, ten days or two weeks after the first. and as such ia considered much cheaper. This is the time, too, to spray for cod It is used with 800 times as much water ling moth, using two pounds of tbe ar or lime sulphur mixture. senate of lead to 50 gallons of lime The part of fungus pests which ab sorbs the food materials for their growth develops under the surface tis sues o f tha fruit or leaf, and thus can Working in an Orchard not be reached by fungieidea. «pray ing is, therefore, a preventive rather than a cure, the object being to destroy :s I'ommercial lime-sulphur sprays to should have a Heaume’s acid scale hy the activity o f the germ before it pen which one need only add water to make drometer, which costa not more than $1 etrates the surface. Î - ’î K - Â , V--V- them ready for use are now to be had and gives one a simple, convenient way By combining the sprays for insect and fungus pests often it is possible on the market in variety, and most of o f testing the spray. them are fully equal tc tbe old home “ General directions as to bow many to nave time, money, and annoyance. made sprays. They are expensive, how times to spray and when tbe applica Appln scab and codling moth, for in ever, being |7 to $10 for a 50-gallon tions should be made are at best un stauca, are often controlled with a sin barrel. The same amount ran be made satisfactory,” says a recent crop pest gle spray mixture, a combination of at home at a eoat of $3, and it will do bulletin published by the Oregon Ex- I l ’aris green or arsenate of lead with the work just as well. A 110-pound sack périment 8tatioa. “ The answer to ; the Bordeaux spray. Scale insects, of the best finely ground sulphur, 60 both questions depends not only upon plant lice and other sucking pests, pounds o f the best grade of unslaked the variety of fruit to be sprayed, but however, are nut touched by this com lime, and enough water added to make also upon the conditions prevailing in bination. 60 gallon* will do tbe buaineas ordi the orchard to be sprayed, and the rela Lime Sulphur narily. F'irst the lime is slaked, the tive importance of the orchard crop to Borne four years’ experiment and test sulphur mixed into a thin paste with other crops. The orebardist can afford by the Oregon Agriculaural College ex water and added to the lime, and tbe to do more spraying than can the far perts on orchards in different parts of water is then added. It should then be mer, but usually obtains satisfactory the state have proven the lime sulphur boiled hard for half or three-quarters results with fewer applications— firat, sulphur. Where there is no scab, but spray excellent, in combination with of an hour, with constant stirring. The because he is ordinarily better equipped there is trouble with leaf-eating in arsenate o f lead, for combating both sediment is then allowed to settle, and for the work and has a better knowl sects, water may be used instead of sucking and chewing insects and fun- the clear, amber colored liquid is edge of wby he sprays; and second, tbe lime-sulphur with the poison. Aa was mentioned before, the most important spray for (teaches is that just before the torminal buds begin to show green, to prevent the peach leaf curl. If there has been serious trouble with peach spot, after the fruit is set a spray of self-boiled lime sulphur may be used, in the proportion of 8-8-50. It will have to be applied about May 10 in southern Oregon, and correspond ingly Inter ns the orchards are further north. Ord.narily, however, spring »prayings for fruit spot will be neeee- sary only where tbe orchards have bee* badly neglected. I f brown rot in prevalent ia the prune and plum orchards, threa or four weeks after the petals fall the trees should be sprayed with Bordeaux mix ture #r lime-sulphur, in su m m s r strength, with a repetition three weeks inter and again a month before tbe fruit ia ripe. Cherry rarely need spray ing except just when the buds begin to swell, but in regions afflicted with the shot bole borer they may be sprayed s month before blossoming time with Bordeaux (3-4-50), linae-sul phur (1-40 with a basis of 30-degree Beau me stock solution), or self-boiled lime-sulphur (10-10-50). Knowledge Needed “ In considering the coot o f spray ing,” says Professor C. L Lewis, of the division o f horticulture o f the Ore gon Agricultural College, “ it seems to me that the waste could come aader the following heads: Using the wseag mixture; spraying when it is not nec essary; mixing sprays that do not com bine well; abandoning fairly satisfse tory mixtures for new, untried prepara tions; carelessness ia applying; and using the wrong apparatus “ Each grower should understand thoroughly whether be is trying to de- With a Spraying Outfit stroy a pest that is already present in his orchard, or whether he is trying to prevent the spread of a disease to (Continued on page two) known The Spirit o f 1 9 1 5 W elcom es the Great Northwest • wihi/// / G/?* X w rs n t § To Be Better Surgeon Aids Operating Knife Is Called on to Straighten Out Crooked, Minds and Bodies U NDER the hot sun of the south, many a man has been trans lated through tbe knife and under tbe steel-cold stars of the north has the knife served the murderer’s will. But now, instead of sending him hurriedly through the pearly gates, the knife is being made to serve to make man good on this earth. That is to say that tbe ocalpel of the surgeon is now recognized as an agent o f morality, as an accessory in science's new proeess of making men better as well aa more healthy. Ton all know the bad boy, the incorrigible youth, the lad who will not learn in school nnd who cannot be controlled by parents or teachers. It >s no longer tbe fashion to consider the case of a boy like this as being hopeless, as a problem tor punitive measures, bat it ia the fashion to find out what phys and moral delinquency, ical imperfection is causing this men goon is appealed to and Bo, the sar- throagh him is restored the balanee that m* ity, intelligence, decency. boy Men who know say that the who is bad is usually suffering froi result o f some childhood injury, aeeident seemingly so unimportant at the time of its happening that it marked no date on the calendar af baby life. The «hild may hava in jured his head in some manner. p aren tf, this injury has hnd no «Meet; (Continued on page two)