B A B C O C K M ILK T E S T .
TTiat Is the name. Miss Harston It Is, Whether I do or not may d«qx*n<l upon
sure enough.”
you."
“ It is a lie— an lufatnous lie !” Tom
Rebecca Tuvlforth started and uttered S im ple, Accurate and Easily M astered
an exclamation o f surprise. “ How cuu
cried, hotly.
With Little Study
“ So it may be,” Von Bamnscr answered it depend U|xm me?" she asked eagerly.
Ujr J. H rism lM n. I’ rofMeor o f Palrxtng.
serenely.
" I do but say what 1 have
"W e ll," xaid Ezra, In a hesitating way,
U 'u v . n ty o f Itinho. Moscow.
heard, and heard more than once on good “ it may depend upon whether you are a
authority.”
good girl, and do wlmt you are told or
A great deal has been w ritten about
“ I f it is true there is villainy iu it,” not. 1 am mire that you would do any testing m ilk and a I a rte numlier of
cried Tom, with wild eyes, "the blackest thiug at all to serve me, would you not?” farmers a lria d y use the Babcock te s t;
villainy that ever was done upon earth.
“ You know very well that 1 would, Mis but en< u th inquiries have c i n e to the
■ 1'il go— I ’ ll see him to-night.
1 shall ter Ezra. When you want anything done w riter to w airant the assertion that tl e
know the tru th!”
He rushed furiously you remember it, but if you huve no use
subj ct Is not yet lo lly u m leis tis d .
downstairs and through the bar. There I for me then there is never a kind look
Many seem to have the idea that the
was a cab near the door. "D rive into on your face or a kind word from your
Bahcork test Is a com plicated, and at
London !” he cried ; "till Eccleston square. lips.
1 could stand your harshness. I
beat an unreliable a ffa ir. Tliia la an
I am on tire to be th ere!" The cabman < mu Id stand the blow you gave me, and
sprang on the box, and they rattled away forgive you for It, from my heart, but oh ! erroneoua Idea and abould not be a l
ax fast as the horse would go. Long be it cut me to the very soul to be standing lowed to p reva il. Th e test is sim ple,
fore reaching No. (H> he had ojK'ucd the by and waiting while you were milking accurate and easily mastered bv anyone
door and was standing upon the step. up to another woman. It was more tliuu w iio w ill give the matter a little care
ful study and attention. It must be
The iustaut that the cab pulled up he I can lx*ar.”
sprang off, and rang loudly at the great
"N ever mind, my girl," said Ezru in a borne in m ind tiia t the accuracy and
brass bell which flanked the heavy door.
smithing voice. "Th u t’s all over and done value of the teat depend not alone on
" I s Mr. Girdlestone in?” he asked, as with. See what I've brought you.” He Hie test, but quite aa much on the
I f that
rummaged in his ixx-ket and prmluced a pr -per taking ol the sample.
a maid appeured at the door.
little pan-el o f tissue pa(x-r, which he is im p roperly done the n su its are of
"N o, sir.”
little value.
For exam ple, the w riter
"M iss Harston, is she at home?” be handed to her.
It was only n small silver anchor, with has known ot cow-uwneia who, when
said excitedly.
"N o. sir. They have both gone aw ay." Scotch |x*libles inlaid iu it. The womun's derirln g to te»t ttie m ilk of an in d lvid
eyes, however, flashed ns she lixiked at it, hi *I cow, have taken the sample by
"Gone away !”
"Yes. Gone into the country, sir. And and she raised it to her lips and kissed it m ilk in g d irectly into the sam ple boi
passionately.
Mr. Ezra, too, sir.’
tie.
W hen it is known that the flri-t
"W h at ain I to do down at Beds-
"A nd when are they coming back?” he
part of a co w ’s m ilk is largely water
worth?” she asked.
asked, in bewilderment.
and the last part of str pplnga ia very
“ I want you to lie Miss Hurston’s com
“ They are not coming back."
rich In fat, it is self evident that such
panion.
She'll
be
lonely,
and
will
need
"Im possible!” Tom cried in despair.
a
sam ple would yield results of little
si me other woman in the house to look
“ W hat is tlieir address then?”
value so far as determ in ing Die actus)
after
her.”
“ They have left no uddress. 1 am sor
lichneaa of ttiat p ir lic u la r cow ’ s m ilk.
ry I can't help you. Good-night, sir.”
"Y ou are still thinkhig of her. then!
Th e m ilk to tie texted should lie
Tom Diuisdale stood upon the door She must have this; she must have that!
[i lured from one can into another aeve-
step looking blankly iuto the night. He Everything else is ns dirt before her. I'll
felt dazed and bewildered.
What fresh hot serve her so there! You can knock tal tim es or carefu llv stirred w ith a
stirrer until it is of a uniform m ixtu re
villainy was this?
Was it a confirma me down if you like.”
tion o f the German's reiiort, or was it a
“ Rebecca,” said Ezra slowly, "do you Th e sam ple is tiien im m ediately taken,
preferab ly with a sm all, long handled
contradiction of it?
Cold beads stood hate Kate HarstonV"
upon bis forehead as be thought o f the
"F rom the bottom of my soul," she dipper. I f the testing cannot be done
soon after the sample is taken il must
possibility o f such a thing. “ 1 must find answered.
he p'aced in an a iitig h t jar and some
her,” he cried, with cleuched hands, and
"W e ll, if you hate her, I tell you thn
turned away heartsick iuto the turmoil I hate her a thousand times more. You preservative added to ke>p it sweet.
and bustle of the London streets.
thought that I was fond o f her.
A ll
Th e Babcock test bottles are gradu
that is over now. and you may set your ated on the supposition that sn 18
mind at ease.’’
C H A PT E R X III.
gram sam ple ia taken.
M ilk varies
"W h y do you want her so well cared very little in ita specific gra vity and a
Rebecca, the fresh-complexioned wait
ing maid, was still standing behind the for then?" asked the girl suspiciously.
p pette graduated to hold 17.6 cubic
“ I want some one who feels towards ceutimetera w ill d eliv er approxim ately
ponderous hall door, listening, with a
smile upon her face, to young Dimsdale's her as I do to be by her side. I f sh« 18 grama of m ilk .
W hen the sample
retreating footsteps, when another and a wi re never to come hack from Bedsworth is r-ady for testing, the jar containing
brisker tread caught her ear coming from it would be nothing to me.”
it should be placed in warm water and
“ What makes you look at
me sc
the opposite direction. The smile died
slow ly heated to a tem perature of about
away as she beard it, and her features strangely?" she said, shrinking away from
70 degrees Fahrenheit.
hfix the sam
assumed a peculiar expression, in which his intense gaze.
ple w e ll; especially see that any cresui
it would be hard to say whether fear or
"N ever mind. Y'ou go. Y'ou will under
w hich may have gathered on the side
pleasure predominated.
She passed her stand many things in time which seem
of
the jar is carefu lly m ixed w ith the
bands up over her face and smoothed her strange to you now. A t present if you
hair with a quick, nervous gesture, glanc will do what I ask you will oblige me other part of the sample. T h s measur-j
ing p p -tte is now filled to the mark.
ing down at the same time at her snowy greatly. W ill you go?"
This is done bv sucking the m ilk up
apron and the bright ribbons which set
“ Y’ es, I will go.”
it off. Whatever her intentions may have
"There's a good lass. Give us a kiss, into the p ;pette above the m ark; the
been, she had no time to improve upon my girl.
Y’ou have the right spirit in dry forefinger is im m ediately placed
her toilet before a key turned in the door you.
I'll let you know when the train over the top of the pipette to prevent
By gen tly
and Ezra Girdlestone stepped into the goes to-morrow, nn3 I will write to my the m ilk from escaping.
hall. As he saw her shadowy figure, for father to expect you. Now, off with you, releasing the pressure the m ils is a l
the gas was low. he uttered a hoarse cry or you'll lim e them gossiping downstairs. lowed to flow out until level with the
of surprise and fear, and staggered back Good-night !'*
mark on the stem of the p pette.
The
wards against the door post.
"Good-uight, Mister Ezra,” said the p ip it t * now contains the 18 grams.
“ Don't be afeared, Mister Ezra," she girl, with her hand upon the handle of
The sample is now em ptied into the
said in a whisper; “ it ’s only me.”
the library door. "Y'ou've made my heart test bottle.
To do this the test bottle
"W h a t makes you stand about like glad this night. I live iu hope— ever in should lie held in a slan tin g position,
that? Y'ou gave me quite a turn.”
hope.”
the ptessure on the pipette released, a l
“ I didn't mean for to do it. I ’ ve only
“ 1 wonder what she hopes about,” the low in g the m ilk to slo w ly run into the
just been answering of the door. Why,
young merchant said to himself as she bottle in such s way as to allow the air
surely you’ ve come in before now and
closed the door behind her. "Hopes I'll to gradually escape from the bottle.
found me in the hall without making
nmrry her, I suppose. She must be of a
Th e next step is adding the acid.
much account of it.”
very sanguine disposition.
A girl like This is measured in the acid graduate;
"A h, lass,” answered Ezra, "m y nerves that might he invaluable down at Beds-
the exact amount to use w ill depend j
have had a shake of late. I've felt queer worth. I f we had no other need for her,
largely on the strength of the acid, the
all day. Look how my hand shakes.”
she would he an excellent spy.” He Illy tem perature of the sam ple to be tested,
“ W ell, I ’ m blessed !” said the girl with for some little time on the <-oueh with
If ordin ary com m ercial sulphuric
a titter, turning up the gas. “ I never bent brow and pursed li|is, musing over etc.
acid is used, 17 6 cubic centim eters
thought to see you af*ard of anythiug. the ¡xiKsibilities of the future.
w ill be found approxim ately correct.
Why, you looks as white as a sheet!”
While this dialogue had lH-en going on
“ There, that's enough!” he answered in the library o f Eccleston square. T o w W ith a little in dividu al experim en ting
roughly. “ Well, are they gone?”
Dimxdale was still wending bis way home- the tester w ill soon notice the proper
“ Y'es, they are gone,” she answered, words with a feeling of weight in his amount to use. T o prevent the burn
standing by the side of the couch on mind and a presentiment of misfortune ing or ch arring of any part of the m ilk
which he had thrown himself.
"Y o u r which overshadowed hix whole soul. Iu the acid is poured slo w ly down the side
father came about three with a cab, and vuin he assured hTmself that this disap of the bottie until a ll has lieen ad led.
took her away.”
pearance o f Kate's was but temporary, Now g iv e the bottle a gentle rotary
“ She didn't make a fuss?”
and that the rumor of un engagement be m otion, thus giv in g the acid a chance
“ Make a fuss? No, why should she? tween her and Ezra was too ridiculous to to act equ ally on a ll parts o* the m ilk .
There's fuss enough made about her, in be believed for a moment. Argue it as he Then let it stand three or four minutes,
all conscience. Ob, Ezra, before she got would, the same dead, horrible feeling of after which it is given another rotary
between us you was kind to me at times. impending trouble,weigh<-d ii|sm him. Im m ovem ent and then placed
in the
I could stand harsh words from you six possible as it was to imagine tliat Kate
tester.
days a week, if there was a chance o f a was false to him, it was strange that on
Th e bottles are placed in the tester
kind one on the seventh.
But now—■ the very day that this rumor reached his
in such a position as to keep the m a
now what notice do you take of me?” She ears she should disappear from London.
Th s bottles should
began to whiuqier and to wipe her eyes How bitterly he regretted now that he chine balanced.
with a little discolored pocket handker had allowed himself to lx- [x-rsuaded by ; now be w h irled for five or six minutes
at such speed as is gen erally marked on
chief.
John Girdlestone into ceasing to communi
the m achine. The m achine is now a l
"D rop it, woman, drop i t !” cried her cate with her. He began to realize that
lowed to flo w down for the purpose of
companion testily. “ I want information, he had been duped, and that all these
Enough
not sniveling. She seemed reconciled to hj eciotis promises as to a future consent adding water to the bottles.
water
ia
added
to
bring
the
contents
up
to their union had been so many baits to
go?”
to the neck of the bottle, after which
amuse
hitn
while
the
valuable
present
wus
“ Yes, she went quiet enough,” the girl
slipping away. What could lie do now to the machine is again started ami run
said with a furtive sob.
“ Did you hear my father say anything repair the past? His only course was to for tw o m inutes; again stopped and
wait for the morrow, and see whether the sufficient warm water added to bring
as to where they were going?”
“ I heard him tell the cabman to drive senior partner would apix-ar at the offices. a ll the fa t contents up into the gradu
A fter another
I f he did so, the young man was deter ated part of the bottle.
to W aterloo station.”
mined to have an understanding with him. w h irlin g o f one m inute the samples are
"Nothing more?"
So downcast was Tom that, on arriv to be read. I t m ay be w ell to state
"N o .”
"W e ll, if he won’t tell you, I will. ing at I’ hilliinore Gardens he would have tKat it is preferable to use soft water
They have gone down to Hampshire, my slipped off to his room at once had he and that the tem perature should be
lass. Bedsworth is the name o f the place, not met his burly father upon the stairs. about 120 degress Fahrenheit.
and it is a pleasant little corner near the "Bed !” roared the old man upou bearing
T o read the amount of fat, take one
"Nothing of the oottle out at a tim e, hold it upright,
sea. I want you to go down there as well his son's proposition.
sort, sir. t'oiue down into the parlor. the graduated part should be on a level
to-morrow.”
Your mother has been waiting for you ull
“ W ant me to go?”
with the eyes.
Th e differen ce between
“ Yes, they need some one who is smart the evening.”
the highest and lowest lim its o f the
(T o he continued.)
and handy to keep house for them. There
butter fat colum n is the amount o f but
is some old woman ulready, I believe, but
ter fat expressed In per cent direct.
l i e « » I f e C o o l d l>o.
she is old and useless. I warrant you
"H ir,” said the irate parent as he Most m ilk battles are graduated up to
wouldn’t take long getting things ship
unexpectedly
entered tJie parlor, “ what 10 per cent, each lurge division in d i
shape. My father intends to stay down
there some little time with Miss Harston.” do you mean by kissing m.v daughter?” cates one per cent and each sm all d iv is
"And how about you?” the girl asked,
“ Excuse me,” replied the poor but ion tw o-tenths o f one per cent of butter
with a quick flash of suspicion in her otherwise honest young man, "bu t I de fat. T o illu strate the m ethod o f read
ing let It Vie supposed that the top of
dark eyes.
sired to show my appreciation o f your
“ Don’ t trouble about me. I shall stay daughter’s loveliness, and kisses are the fat column is a t 8.5, ami the bot
behind and mind the business. Home one the only things I can afford to give tom at 4 5, then the readings 8.5-4.5
This means that
must be on the spot. I think Cook and her at the present stage o f the game.” erpiala 4 per cent fat.
in 100 pounds o f this kind of m ilk
Jane and W illiam ought to be able to look
there would be exactly 4 pounds o f fat.
after me among them.”
I’ « ' » K i p r r t r n i - e .
I f the testing has been properly done
“ And I won’t see you at all?” the girl
L ittle W illie — Say, pa, w h at Is a
the butter fat column should be per
cried, with a quiver in her voice.
scheme?
“ Oh, yes, you shall. I ’ ll be down from
fectly clear, of a brownish yellow co lor;
P a — A scheme, my son, Is something
Saturday to Monday every week, and per
the lin e separating it from the acid
haps oftener. I f business goes well I may that usually fa lls through shortly should be clear and d istin ct.
Too
com* down and stay for
so ms time. a fte r you invest money In IL
«tron g aoid in apt to cause black or
I * * * * * ± ± * * * + + + ♦ * * * ♦ * * * * * * « ’ 1
The Firm of
Girdlestone
B Y
A. C O N A N D O Y L E
> - 'e - n - 3 v<
C H A P T E R X 11.— (Continued.)
“ Cut dawn! You don't mean to say
you are paid in proportion to the rotten-
u«\sx of the ships?"
"There aiu't no use niakin' a secret of
it among friends." said Mi|fp. "Th at's
just how the land lies with us. A voy
age or two bark 1 sjioke to Mr. Girdle-
stone, and 1 says to hint, says 1, 'Give the
ship an overhauling,’ says 1. 'W ell and
Nood,' says he, ‘out it will mean so much
off your wage,' says he, 'and the mate's
wage as well.' 1 put it to him straight
and strong, but he stuck at that.
So
Sandy and me, we put our heads together,
and we 'greed it was better to take tifteen
pounds and the risk, then come down to
twelve pounds and safety.”
" I t is scandalous!” cried Tom Dims-
iale hotly. "1 could uot have believed
it.”
" I t ’s done every day, and will be while
there is insurance money to be gained,”
said Miggs. “ It's an easy thing to turn
a few thousands a year while there are
old ships to be bought, and offices which
w ill insure them above their value. There
was D'Arcy Campbell, o f the Silvertowu
— what a trade that man did! He waa
sm art! Collisions was his line, and he
worked 'em well. There warn't a skip
per out o t Liverpool as could get run
down as nat'ral as he could."
"G et run down?”
"A ye. He'd go lolloping about in the
Channel if there was any fog on, steer
ing for the lights o’ any steamers or
headin' round for all the fog whistles if
it was too thick to see. Sooner or later,
ax sure as fate, he'd get cut down to the
water's edge. It was a fine gam e! H a lf
a yard o’ print a!>out his noble conduc’
iu the newspapers, and maybe a leader
about the British tar and unexpected
emergencies. It once went the length o'
a subscription. Ha ! ha !” Miggs laughed
until he choked.
"And what became of this British
star?" asked the German.
"H e ’a still about. He's in the passen
ger trade now.”
"There’s many a way that it' done,
zir,” the mate added.
"There's loadin'
a cranky vessel wi’ grain in bulk without
usin' partition boards. I f you get a little
water in, as you are bound to do with a
ship o' that kind, the grain will swell
and sWell until it bursts the seams open,
and down ye go. Then there's ignition o’
coal gas aboard o’ steamers. T h at’s a
safe game, for nobody can deny it. And
there are accidents to propellers. I f the
shaft o’ a propeller breaks in heavy
weather it's a bad lookout. I've known
ships leave the docks with their propel
lers half sawn through all round. There's
to end o' the tricks o’ the trade.”
" I cannot believe, however,” said Tom
stoutly, "that Mr. Girdlestone connives at
such things.”
"H e's on the waitin’ lay.” the seaman
answered. "H e doesn’t send 'em down,
but he just hangs on, and keeps his in
surance up. He's had some good hauls
that way, though not o' late. There was
the Belinda at Cape Palmas. That was
five thousand clear, if it was a penny.
And the Socatoo— that was a bad busi
ness ! She was never heard of, nor her
ciew. Went down at sea, and left no
trace.”
"Th e crew, to o !” Tom cried, with hor
ror. “ But how about yourselves, if what
you say is true?”
“ We are paid for the risk,” said both
the seamen, shrugging their shoulders.
“ But there are government inspectors?”
“ H a ! h a ! I daresay you've seen the
Way some of them do their work," said
Miggs.
Tom's mind was filled with consterna
tion at what he had heard. I f the A f
rican merchant were capable of this, wliat
might he not be capable of?
Was his
word to be depended on under any circum
stances? And what sort of firm must
this be, which turned so fair a side to the
world and in which he had embarked his
fortune.
A ll these thoughts flashed
tbiough his mind as he listened to the
gossip o f the garrulous old sea dogs. A
greater shock still, however, was in store
for him.
Von Baumser had been listening to ths
conversation with an amused look upon
his good-humored face. “ A h !” said he,
suddenly striking in, “ I w ill tell you
something of your own firm which per
haps you do not know. Have you heard
that Mr. Ezra Girdlestone is about to be
married?”
“T o be married !"
“ Oh, y e s ; I have heard it this morning
at Eckermann's office. I think it is the
talk o f the city.”
“ Who’s the gal?” Miggs asked, with
languid interest.
“ I disremember her name,” Von Baum-
set answered. " I t is a girl the major has
met— the young lady who has lived in the
name house, and is what they call a
warder.”
“ Not— not his ward?” cried Tom,
springing to his feet and turning as white
as a sheet. "N o t Miss Harston? You
don’ t tell me that he is going to marry
Mias Harston?”
charred particles to appear In the fat.
This same reault may ala - he due to too
h 'fh temperature of e h 1 er t ia m ilk or
tl e u c id . Inai <1!tien i i mount of a d d
or loo weak acid or too low teui|>crature
of the m ilk m ay reault in a w hite or
cloudy teat.
Much more com plete dlrartiona ac
company each ou tfll— i he p luci pa I ob
ject of this artioie ia to linpreia upon
lam iera the sim p licity of the test and
that tl ere la nothing niyaterioua or
m yatifyin g atout it.
It ia eo sim ple
that any one cl ordinary in telligen ce,
w illin g to give it a little tim e and pa-
•i'-noe, can i-aaily maater a ll ita detaila.
W hen the fanner fu lly realize« that It
furiilHtiea him a key not only for weed
ing out hie unprofitable cow », but alao
for checking up his cream e'y man, be
w ill not be alow to make use o f the
Babcock teat.
FAM ILY H O T B E D S .
Som e G ood Suggestion« fo r tho Sm al
Beginner.
By J. H Shinn, University of Idaho. Moan»«
Home kind of a hot tied ia an essential
factor If one is to recure crops from
plants that require an exceptionally
long reason for m aturing.
A hotbed
also affords an opportunity to grow cer
tain crops, such as radlahea and lettuce,
iu advance ol the season.
Such oropa
as tomatoes, cabbage«, celery ami cau li
flower, practically demand that they Iw
started in the hotbed before they are
transplanted to the Held, especially in
the N o ith . As these crops must ever
lie regarded ss ti e staple pr<xiuct of
every well-lialanced garden, the con
struction and management of hotbeda
.is a very tim ely topic for the prospec
tive gardener to consider.
First of all, a lint bed may be defined
aa an inclosute covered with saah and
furnished with artificial heat ao that
the plants are kept in an a ctively grow
ing condition. Common «ta b le manure
constitute« the main source for «retirin g
this heat. There are several require
ments that ahould bs noted regarding
the kind and quality of manure used
for hotbeds. It ahould be practically
the same age throughout, and It should
tie of aurh texture that when packed it
w ill n rith er be flu ffy nor w ill it be
soggy.
On the other hand, it should
respond w ith springy e la s t ic it y be
neath the w eight of a man, w ithont
fluffing up when the preaeure la re
moved.
linrue manure which haa from
one-third to une-half atraw com posing
its total bulk w ill usually be found to
provide thia requisite texture.
M ore
over, thia manure abould be freeb, in
order that feim entation may proceed
la p id lly .
Th e process of faim entation ia started
before the manure is placed in the hot
bed. To accomplish thia the manure
ia usually piled in long,
sh allow ,
square-topped piles; if dry when piled,
It is moistened throughout, and if it la
apt to become w aterauaked, aa ia the
case in rainy clim ates, it should tie
piled under shelter, for w heie so much
moisture ia present manure w ill re
main cold.
The first ferm entation ia
alm est sure to be irregular, ao it is ne
cessary to fork over the pile, dlatrlhut-
ing tlie hot manure throughout the
mua«, in order to get the heat u niform
ly distributed.
W hen it la noticed
that steam ia coming from the p ile
again u niform y, il may V>e taken aa e v i
dence that the manure ia ready to place
in the hotbed.
A fte r one thoroughly understands the
Im portant details of
preparing the
manure for the purpose of heating, a t
tention should tie called to the huatiou
and construction o f the p it and fram e.
Pits are usually dug from 24 to 30
inches deep and of sufficient sice to ad
m it tho Irarnee being placed inside
th eir w alls. H j c V i pita should be lo
cated near some much-frequented path,
in order that they are sure to receive
the requisite amount o f attention.
A l
ways have the hotbed facing the south
and if such a site is a vailable, put it on
the eouth side of some building or tig h t
hoard fence or h ill.
Protection should
also he sought from the preva ilin g
winds, for winds have a decided effect
in carryin g aw ay the heat. A w ell-
d ra im d location ia also an essential re-
uirem i nt.
Hotbed sash are 3x6 feet in size and
coat about |3 each.
Frames for these
sash are made with the back 12 inches
higher than the front, the L t t e r being
10 inches. Th e number of sash and
tha size of the fiam e w ill depend upon
the needs o f the fam ily.
Usually one
frame 3x6 feet w ill afford auflicient
hotbed area for a fa m ily of aix.
Before the fram e is placed upon the
pit the ferm enting manure ia placed in
the p it and thoroughly compacted,
bringing the level of the manure to
w ithin three inches of the surface o f
the soil.
From three to six Inchta of
good loam y garden soil are distributed
even ly over the surface of the manure
in order to furnish a seed lied.
The
seed is not planled until the excessive
heat c f ttie first few days has begun to
subside.
By the use of a therm om eter
the tem perature may be accurately as
certained. Tutnatnec may be sown at a
tem perature of DO to 80 degress, cab
bage and lettuce from 80 to 70 degrees.
Railway whistles inflict torture on so
many people that the efforta abroad to
check the plague have won approval from
the people.
Austria has introduced a
system of dumb signaling to start and
atop the trains. Belgium is trying com
pressed sir whistles instead of steam, and
Germany experiments with horn*