WILL NOT FEED INDIGENT MEN Army of 1150 Hikers Refused Aid by Sacramento. Police and Deputies Keep Guard, Hut 200 Escape From Camp and Heck Food in City. Bacrsmento, Cal.—Th« first install­ ment of th« army of unemployed, the “insurgents,” arrived in Sacramento from Davis 470 strong. Piling off the train which had carried them from Yolo county they marched to an en- cloaed tract near the Southern Pacific elation. Four houra later the vanguard of General Kelley’a army poured Into the city. There were 180 of them. In two houra more 600 more of the regu­ lar« arrived. Nine hundred more were expected on the flrat morning train, malting the total about 2000. The armies camped under the eyea of a squad of 40 policemen and ten deputy aheriffs. The authorities made no attorn pt to dlaperae the men. Chief of Police Johnaon'a only order« were to prevent them from eacaplng from the encloaure, which la aurrounded by a high board fence. Despite the vigilance of the police 200 scaled the fence and got Into the city. The city commiaaion of Sacramento will take no atepa toward feeding the men. and probably will refuse them transportation farther. The deter­ mined stand was made when the gov­ erning committee of the “insurgents” called on the commiaaion. The city commiaaion told the “in­ surgent committee” it would do noth­ ing but provide for the safety and health of the men and maintain order. The visitors were told the city had no indigent fund and advised to go before the county authorities. “We need supplies as soon as possi- ble for our supper.“ said the commit ' tee. Aid was again refused and the committee left. The provisions which were left over from morning served as an excuse for a scanty meal and shortly before the arrival of the second division of the Kelley “army” mutterings of discon-1 tent caused by hungry stomach« were manifested. Benicia Pays 1376 Fares. Benicia, Cal. — Benicia 'handled its unemployed problem by transporting 1376 jobless men of the rank and file of the factions headed by “Major” W. A. Thome and “General" Charles F. Kelley to Sacramento by the expedient of paying full fare for each man on trains of the Southern Pacific com­ pany. The last contingent departed in seven cars, and as the tall lights of the departing train vanished in the direction of Sa«ramento the entire population of the town gave a sigh of relief after a day fraught with various complication«. Twelve Big Railroads Control 606 Small Ones England Will Not Force Intervention In Mexico Washington, D. C.—A pronounce­ ment by Great Britain through Sir Ed- ward Grey that the United States was in no way responsible for the recent execution at Juarez of William 8. Benton, a British subject, and that the American government would not be asked to resort to force is a result of the incident Is now the chief fea­ ture In the Mexican situation. President Wilson in a conference with Sir Cecil Spring-Rice, British ambassador, sad Sir Lionel Carden, British minister to Mexico, Is under­ stood to have expreesed his approval and appreciation of the friendly sen­ timents uttered by the British foreign secretary in the house of commons. Tension which had been felt over the killing of Benton arose largely be­ cause It was believed Great Britain might press the United States into taking drastic steps to secure repara­ tion. The British view that the Unit­ ed States is not obligated to demand reparation for Great Britain relieved this tension to some extent, although It la clear that the Benton Incident has developed an intention on the part of the American government to take a more aggreesive attitude toward the contending factions in Mexico. i ORCHARD FARM Nott» and Instructions from Agricultural Coliogt» and Experiment Station» •t Oregon and Washington. Specially Sult able to Pacific Coati Condition» ....... ■ Family Orchard Would Pay for Better Care Oregon Agricultural College, Cor­ vallis—Family orchards, which ought to be the ideal means of securing fresh fruit of quality during most of the season, are often so poorly handled as to be called a menace to the fruit in­ dustry by those who depend upon fruit growing as a business. “1 have felt that we can learn a very profitable lesson from past ex­ periences with family orchards,” says Professor C. I. Lewis, head of the Oregon Agricultural college Horticul­ tural department. “The average family orchard ia too large and gen­ erally but poorly cared for. It pro­ duces more fruit than the family can use, and thia 1« often of inferior qual­ ity. “I believe we can establish family orchards that will be much better than any we pow have. Indeed this is nec­ essary in the opinion of many people. If the ’family orchard is to be pre­ served. Certain commercial growers are already saying that the day of the family orchard is about up. Unless New York — An extensive opium their owners take better care of them smuggler conspiracy, unearthed by they will be legislated out of exist­ government investigators, came to ence. It would be a great mistake to light here Wednesday, and a Hoboken allow careless methods and harmful hotel keeper and two Mott street practices to crowd out the growing of Chinese were placed under arrest. the home orchard on Oregon farms. Opium, alleged to have been smuggled Few things indeed contribute so much from Germany, was seized in a bouse to the delights of farm life as the in Chinatown. home orchard. The custom house officials learned “1 would reduce the number of that ramifications of the alleged plot trees planted quite materially. In­ extended through Germany to Persia, stead of planning to have a whole tree where the opium was grown. The for every variety you desire it is bet­ method used by the smugglers consist­ ter to plant a less number of trees and ed In employing a stevedore in Bre­ later graft four or five varieties on men, who carried the opium on board each. Many varietes of fruit are de­ ship concealed in life preservers. sirable for the home orchard but do There it was given to a member of the not need the room and strength furn­ crew who acted for the smugglers. ished by an entire tree. By setting On arrival at New York an Ameri­ out a fewer number of trees and using can longshoreman was employe 1 to more varieties on them, fresh fruits take the opium to the hotel in Hobo­ can be supplied for practically every ken, whence it was removed to Yee month in the year. Having a smaller Sang’« shop in Chinatown. orchard one is encouraged to take bet­ The discovery of 18 pounds of the ' ter care of it. drug concealed in a secret panel in the ”Sinc£ there is plenty of room on shop led to -he arrests. It is believed ■ the farm the trees should be headed the conspirators figured on realizing low, and planted ao as to'give them more than 31,000,000 annually. plenty of space. Apples should be given at least 80 feet, pears 26, sweet cherries 35, walnuts 50, prunes 22, and peaches and sour cherries 20 feet. “The trees should be planted a lit­ tle deeper than they grow in the nur­ Budapest, Hungary—Sentence was pronounend on 32 Ruthenians charged ' series, and then I doubt whether it with inciting rebellion against the makes much difference whether the trees are planted in late fall or early Austro-Hungarian government. The principal prisoner. Father Alex­ spring. “In choosing varieties for your ius. a Russian monk from Mount Athey, was condemed to 41 years' im­ home orchards there are several points prisonment. He was said to be the to be kept in mind. First, grow only leader of the movement and was al­ varieties which you and your family leged to have carried on the propa­ personally like. Personal preferences ganda under the guise of efforts to should mean much in the selection of convert the Ruthenian peasantry to varieties for the home orchard. Sec­ the Russian faith. The movement ond, choose your varieties sc that you was said to have been financed in can have fruit through the entire year. Third, it is not necessary to confine Russia. that can be The other 31 convicted persons were yourself to varieties sentenced to terms ranging from six grown to the highest degree of com­ months to two and a half years. mercial perfection. Many varieties that do not come up Twenty-three others were acquitted. Evidence was given in the course of to the commercial standard of color, the trial to the effect that it was Rus­ size and form, are because of their sia’s intention eventually to absorb a eating or cooking qualities, very de­ sirable in the family orchard. great part of Hungary. “The first variety I would include Is the Yellow Transparent It has fair eating qualities, is a good cooking apple and the earliest good apple we have in the state. The Gravenstein Paris — Tuberculosis has a little should be of course in every home or­ more than doubled in France since chard. The King of Tompkins County 1887. according to figures supplied to is the best eating apple that can be the Tempe by Henri Schmidt, a Re­ grown in the fall in the Pacific Coast publican-Radical deputy, who ia one valleys. of the leading figures in the temper­ “Grimes’ Golden is not only one of ance movement in France. the best home orchard apples, but 1« Deputy Schmidt traces statistically rapidly coming to be regarded as one the effects of drunkenness on births of the beet commercial apple«. It and on the lives of children whose par­ is a splendid eating apple, a good ents have been intemperate. cooker and in the Willamette valiey Infantile mortality in Normandy; ia good from the first of December to where women drink excessively, is the first of February. The Jonathan just double what it ia in the temperate develops splendid quality in the val­ department of the Gore. ley. The Wagoner, Northern Spy, Infantile mortality is at its height Rome Beauty, and the Yellow New­ in districts where absinthe drinking is town are excellent varieties that prevalent. should be provided for in the family The writer assembles figures show­ orchard.” ing that after the age of 60, sober men have one-third greater expecta­ Telling the Fortune< tion of life than intemperate men. Big Smuggling System Unearthed In New York Monks (Jo To Prison For Inciting Rebellion Washington, D. C.—Evidence sub­ mitted to the Interstate Commerce commission by Frank Lyon, represent­ ing the Pittsburg Coal company, and compiled by Frank J. Warne, from the commiaaion*« records were intend­ ed to show that the hundreds of rail­ roads in the East were controlled as to their financial operations, rates and practices through ownership by a few great systems. It was Lyon's con tention that such control was inimical to the shipping public because, he as­ serted, it practically eliminated com­ petition. In the Eastern territory there are approximately H97 separate railroad companies. Of these the table« showed 606 are controlled by 12 sys­ tems. The control of the other roads, Warne said, was in the hands of “nominally independent lines, some of which are comically dependent on the larger system«.” The total number of transportation companies in which the New York Central exercises a majority or minor­ ity interest through stock ownership or through lease, contract or agree­ ment, is 204. The total number of transportation companies in which the Pennsylvania has a majority or minority interest Third Medal Presented. through stock owqership or through New York—The medal of the Na­ lease, contract or agreement, is 245, tional Institute of Social Sciences was of which 188 are controlled through majority interest and 107 through presented to Colonel George W. Goe- thals, this making the third token of minority interest. the kind the builder of the Panama Canal has received in as many days. Brazil’« Capital la Calm. The presentation took place at a Washington, D. C.—Advices to the dinner of the Economic Club, at which Brazilian embassy from Rio Janeiro the colonel was the guest of honor. ‘‘Those who said the capital was quiet and that Colonel Goethals said: there was no ground for alarm !on ac­ worked with me In the building of the count of the disturbance« which had Panama canal have done their work caused a proclamation of martial law. well. I accept the honor in the name The government, Ambassador da Gama of them all.” announced, was in control of the situ­ Unemployed Start Hike. ation. , The latest dispatches to the State department said the American San Francisco — The unemployed embassy did not regard that the lives broke their camp on a vacant city lot or property of American citizens, at 1 o'clock Wednesday and started on either in Ceara or in the cities under their march on Washington, D. C. martial law, were endangered. There are 24 companies of 90 men each and the men have all of the offi­ Miners to Resume Work. cers of a military regiment—except a Vancouver, B. C. — Seven hundred paymaster. miner« of Nanaimo have unanimously Shark Saya Early Spring. accepted a new «chedule with the Weetern Fuel company, and work on a Boston—An early spring was pre­ large scale is to be resumed in the dicted by Boston fishermen, when they mine« of that concern. A strike called learned that a shark had been hooked by the United Mine Workers closed off the Middlebank. It was said that the mine« May 1 last year. The new the appearance of sharks in these wa­ •chedule provides for an increase In ters in a sure sign of an early macker­ wages of 10 per cent. el season and of spring. Rebellion in Brazil Threatens Government France Believes Liquor Affects Mortality Rate ■■ I X *‘A whole community can have rec­ ords kept on their cows by placing a Babcock tester in the school house where the milk can be tested for but­ ter fat, after having been weighed by the boys and girls at home. For five or six contestants having milk tested an eight-bottle tester is large enough. For ten or more students a twelve­ bottle teeter will give better satisfac­ tion. The entire equipment will cost from ten to eighteen dollars for each school.” The circular contáins directions for making the test and a list of the nec­ essary equipment. The instructions are accompanied by many illustrations of apparatus and methods, and by de­ tailed plans for carrying on the work during school vacations. The bulletin is listed as Extension series 8, No. 1, and may be had by addressing R. D. Hetzel, Extension director, at Cor­ vallis. Hotbeds Are Valuable in Every Farm Garden Oregon Agricultural College, Cor­ vallis—Hotbeds are artificial means of giving seed and young plants the ben­ efit of summer weather in early spring. Aside from their aid in grow­ ing crops that would not come to ma­ turity otherwise, they have a real eco­ nomic value. By their means enough plants for the home garden and some to sell to the neighbors can be grown at a slight cost. As designed by the garden specialist at the Oregon Agri­ cultural college, their construction is simple and inexpensive. After the first season there will be not further money cost, as the glass may be stored and kept for years. All other mater-1 ial and all labor are supplied by the resource? of the average farm. The pit may be made by excavating i a foot or two below the surface. The ' sash is three feet by six feet, and the frame is made to suit these dimen­ sions, rising eight inches above the ground in front and twelve inches above at the back, or north side. If ' the pit is made 18 inches deep it should be filled 14 inches with manure | and six inches with good loam or other garden soil. After the soil has cooled to a safe temperature the seeds are sown. For early green food, let­ tuce, radishes, and bunch onions are good. These and other similar vege­ tables may be thus grown early in the spring and late in the fall, greatly lengthening the growing season. The Most Popular Apple In Orchard and Market Oregon Agricultural College, Cor­ vallis — Jonathan apples are more largely grown for Eastern markets than any other, while Arkansas Blacks bring the highest market price, ac­ cording to market reports. A great many orcbardists, however, are graft­ ing other varieties upon their Jona­ than trees, is the comment of Profes­ sor C. I. Lewis, horticulturist of the Agricultural college. Jonathans are produced in large quantities in many parts of the country, which tends to lower the market price. About one-third of all apples sold by one district for Eastern markets were Jonathans, numbering more than 7000 boxes. There were about 6000 boxes of mixed sorts, almost 5000 boxes of Winesaps, and varying quantities of five other varieties. Stayman Wine­ saps were the fewest, numbering but 77 boxes. Arkansas Blacks brought 31-64 a box, f. o. b.; Jonathans, 31.22; mixed lots, 31.10; and Ben Davis, lowest price quoted, 90c. Ninety per cent of the Arkansas Blacks were ex­ tra fancy grade, and the remainder of them fancy. But fifty-seven per cent of the Jonathans were extra fancy. Lesa Dodder In Alfalfa. Oregon Agricultural College, Cor­ vallis—“You may be able to keep a dog for a pet that doesn't pay for its living, but you cannot afford to keep a cow that does not pay for her living.” This is what Professor W. A. Barr, United States and College Extension worker, tell« girls and boys in his in­ dustrial club circular, just issued by the Extension division of the college. The first page contains a picture of two cows, one of which, Professor Barr tells us, returned 380.83 worth of milk and butter for 338.05 worth of feed, and the other returned 3128.68 worth of milk and butter for 345.88 worth of feed. “Record keeping,” he says, “gave us these facta.” There is much less dodder in alfalfa seed grown in the Northwest states now than formerly. The number of samples examined containing dodder at the Oregon Agricultural college has decreased from almost one-half, three years ago, to about one-fourth at the present time. The tests also showed that the decrease in the number of dodder seeds in one pound of alfalfa seed is fully as great. The marked improvement in the purity of the al­ falfa seed is due to the extensive tests that have been made and the rejection of infested seed by dealers and farm­ ers, according to Miss Norma Waddle, expert tester of the co-operative labo­ ratory. Miss Waddle also calls atten­ tion to the fact that the new state pure-seed law prohibits the sale of dodder-infested alfalfa seed. Chil­ dren are being taught that when dod­ der has been eradicated from the fields home-grown seeds will be bought more largely by the farmers. This will be a great advantage to the fanners who grow the ’seed for sale and to the farmers who wish to buy seed to sow. Where Neighbors Are Far. Used to It. “Do you think it’s easier to raise children in the country?” “I find it so,” replied Mr. Bliggins. “Both my daughters are vocalists and my boy is determined to play the cornet.” “Come, let’s go and get a little bite. I know of the niftiest little restaurant right around the corner— that, is, if your don’t object to its cabaret feature.” “Not me. Apparently, old chap, you forget I’m a superintendent in a boiler factory.” of Two Oregon Cows Real Gallantry. “I am just starting out in the city,’* Overshadowed. remarked the young man. Smith—Does your wife think you’re “The world is your oyster, ” rag the best man ever lived?, gested the young lady. Jones—Of course not! I’m her sec­ “Yes; and I have found a pearl ond husband.—Judge. right away.’’—Kansas City Journal. London — Reports that three states in Brazil were in revolt, and that the capital, Rio de Janeiro, had been de­ clared in a state of siege, were con­ firmed here. The censorship at Rio de Janeiro, which has been exceed­ ingly striet, has kept the news of what is said to be an exceedingly grave situation from the world at large. The managing editors of three, of the principal newspapers, A Epoca, Correiro de Noite and O Impareial, were placed under arrest, while Gen­ erals Thaumaturgo Azevedo and Feli­ ciano Mondes de Moraes, two colonels and some other officers of the army also were made prisoners. The declaration of martial law in the capital itself is a measure of pre­ caution. The government’s action is taken as a preventative measure against any possible troubles. Disturbances were feared among certain elements of the population as a result of the recent insurrection in the Province of Ceara, where the sit­ uation is reported worst. The Brazilian states involved are Pernambuco, Ceara and Para. Fight­ ing is in progress in each between the local authorities and the Federal gov­ ernment troops. More than 2,500,000 people are involved. The state of Ceara at the last census had a popula­ tion of about 850,000, Para 450,000 and Pernambuco 1,200,000. The causes of disaffection were said to have been racial differences. In the last week of February a body of fanatics was reported to be marching on Rio Janeiro. The situation in the various states was reported as becoming worse, es­ pecially in Cesra. WILSON SENDS BRIEF MESSAGE Exemption From Canal Tolls Is Only Subject. Intimates That British Policy To­ ward Mexican Troubles May Be Greatly Influenced. Washington, D. C.—President Wil­ son sent to congress Thursday the fol­ lowing brief but concise message: Gentlemen of the Congress: I have come to you on an errand which can be very briefly performed, but I beg that you will not measure its importance by the number of sentences in which I state it. No communication I have addressed to the Congress carried with it graver or more far-reaching impli­ cations to the interest of the country and I come now to speak on a matter with regard to which I am charged in a peculiar degree, by the Constitution itself, with personal responsibility. I have come to ask for the repeal of that provision of the Panama Canal act of August 24, 1912, which exempts vessels engaged in the coastwise trade of the United States from payment of tolls, and to urge on you the justice, the wisdom and the large policy of such a repeal, with the utmost earn­ estness of which I am capable. In my own judgment, very fully con­ sidered and maturely formed, that ex­ emption constitutes a mistaken eco­ nomic policy from every point of view and is moreover in plain contravention of the treaty with Great Britain con­ cerning the canal, concluded on No­ vember 18, 1901. But I have not come to you to urge my personal • London—The Daily Graphic in an views. I have come to state to you a editorial praises President Wilson’s fact and a situation. Whatever may special message to congress urging the be our own differences of opinion con­ repeal of the clause of the Panama cerning this much-debated measure, canal act exempting from payment its meaning is not debated outside the of tolls American coastwise shipping. United States. Everywhere c.3E the “President Wilson afforded the language of the treaty is given but United States and the larger world one interpretation, and that interpre­ outside,” says the Graphic, a “singu-, tation precludes the exemption I am iarly impressive illustration of the asking you to repeal. loftiness and correctness with which We {consented to the treaty; its be interprets his duty as the chief language we accepted, if we did not magistrate of the republic. To do originate it, and we are too big, too right and to do it loyally and gener­ powerful, too self-respecting a nation ously, without quibble or hesitation, to interpret with too strained or refined is a lesson that sadly wants teaching a reading the words of our promises to the world of statesmanship, and just because we have power enough to President Wilson has taught it with give us leave to read them as we admirable effect.” please. The large thing to do is the The Times in an editorial, says: only thing we can afford to do, a vol­ “The striking message which Presi­ untary withdrawal from a position dent Wilson read to congress, what­ everywhere questioned and misunder­ ever its practical results, will win him stood. We ought to reverse our ac­ the approbation and respect of all that tion without raising the question is best among the English-speaking whether we were right or wrong, and nations of the globe.” so once more deserve our reputation The editorial points out that by a for generosity and the redemption of curious coincidence the message comes every obligation without quibble or at the same time as the memorial to hesitation. Parliament uging Premier Asquith to I ask this of you in support of the reconsider the government’s refusal to foreign policy of the administration. participate in the Panama-Pacific ex­ I shall not know how to deal with oth­ position. er matters of even greater delicacy The Dail; News styles the message and nearer consequence if you do not as one of the most perfectly-phrased grant it to me in ungrudging measure. documents of modern times. The i editorial admits that the United States ; might have an abstract right not to , impose tolls on American coastwise shipping, just as Great Britain has the Washington, D. C.'—W. O. Thomp­ right to abstain from participation in son, of Chicago, was appointed counsel the Panama-Pacific exposition, but of the United States commission on that such actions would be mistakes. industrial relations. Chairman Walsh Great Britain’s mistake with regard made this announcement with the ex­ to the exposition, it adds, was shown planation that Mr. Thompson, an ex­ by the memorial passed by Parlia­ pert on labor problems, would accom­ ment Wednesday urging reconsidera­ pany the commission and take an tion of the decision not to participate, active part in the bearings soon to be which was signed by men represent­ conducted in different parts of the ing the greatest trading and manufac­ country to develop a basis for an effort turing interests of the country. to improve relations between employ­ ers and employes. ’ Straw Thread Men on Tria!. Mr. Walsh, discussing work of the New York — A secret process by commission, said its efforts would be which the defendants maintained that centered on devising and putting into they could make linen thread from operation machinery through which flax straw at a fraction of the present labor disputes can be amicably settled. Present industrial conditions, he cost of manufacture figured in the government's charges against seven said, furnished a problem imperatively men placed on trial here for conspir­ demanding immediate solution. “Industrialism has come on us like ing through the mails to defraud in­ vestors in the stock of the Oxford lightning out of a clear sky,” he Linen Mills. The government declares added. “Fifty years ago we were an that the process was worthless, but agricultural people, living in rural dis­ that the defendants nevertheless ob­ tricts and small towns in the most tained 3L 200.000 from persons who part, and having a chance cf getting into a flrm whenever we took a job. purchased the securities. And now! Huge cities, sucking the very marrow out of the country—a Wood Looks to Students. Cambridge, Mass.—Major General change in emp'oyment from the small Leonard Wood, in describing War de­ store to some monster corporation that squats in one state and exercises ten­ partment plans for military camps of instruction for college students to the tacular activities in 20. It has come so suddenly that we have not had time Harvard undergraduates, said the gov­ to adjust ourselves to new conditions. ernment hoped to have at least 7000 “We are still going along as though college men under instruction in var­ ious parts of the country. The cost there had been no economic disturb­ to each student participating this year ance. Of course there is trouble and would be about 326, including 38 for it ia not at all improbable that this a uniform, said General Wood. Other trouble may assume the shape of re­ volution unless our industrial, politi­ expenses would be met by the govern­ cal and social institutions are changed ment. to meet the new demands.” Britain Much Pleased By President’s Message Crisis Is Threatened By Rise of “Industrialism” Reserve Board to Start April 1. Washington, D. C. — The Federal Reserve board probably will be select­ ed by April 1. In talking with callers President Wilson gave them that date as one toward which the organisation committee was looking for the estab­ lishment of the new Federal reserve system of banks. Army Aviation Gets 35,000,000. London—The army estimates adopt­ ed include 35,000,000 for the aviation branch of the service. This amount is almost double that of last year’s estimate. Huerta Plana Blockhouses. Mexico City — Talking for the first time to a few newly-arrived newspa­ per correspondents, President Huerta reiterated that he has an army of 250,000 men with which he is deter­ mined to ¡fight the rebels until they are subjugated or exterminated. He added that he was about ready to be­ gin the construction 'along the railroad of 4000 blockhouses about a mile and a half apart, in each of which would be placed ten men. Orders have been given for barbed [wire, he said, to be strung along the railroad lines.