THE ONTARIO ARGUS, ONTARIO, OREGON, THURSDAY, AUGUST 4, 1921.
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0. 1 C. SPECIALIST PRESENTS INTERESTING
REPORT ON EXPERIMENT IN RECLAIMING LANDS
CONBTIIUOTIO 01-" IHtAINAOR IHTCIIKH lV Hl.UICINO Mr.TIIOI)
i)i:ci(A!u:i) piiAcncAi undkk huitaum: ooNihtionh
WOUK HKCUIIKI) TllltOUOlI KAItM ISUItKAU
W. W. Johnston, gives Intorest
Ing account of Experiments to Ho
claim Alkali Tract by drainage, ac
companied, by various hoII treat
ments and cropping plans.
In a letter to tho Coiinty Agent,
W. W. Johnston, Assistant professor
of soils at tlio Oregon Agricultural
College, who was assigned to havo
chargo of tho ryioperntlvo oxpcrl
monts In dralnngo and alkali remov
al on -tho tract which was started
last spring near Vale, as n rosult ot
Farm Bureau nctlvlty In Interesting
tho experiment station In such work,
raising funds, etc., tho following In
teresting Information Is given:
Tho following Is a preliminary re
port on tho building of a farm
drainage ditch on tho Hurrollo ranch
near Vale, Oregon. Tho work of
building tho drain was dono by Mr.
Hurrollo, tho methods being worked
out In cooperation with tho writer.
Tho drain was built nr a part of
an experiment conducted by tho Ore
gon Experiment Station In coopera
tion with local Interests for tho pur
poso of determining tho'hest method
ot reclaiming alkali lands In Mal
heur County.
Condition of lnni1 to Im Drained
Tho land solectod for the experi
ment and that It was doslrcd to
drain Is or a typo known hh "fJreaso
Wood" land. This noil naturally
contains a largo amount of alkali
and In this tnitnnco tho aJknllno
condition had been aggravated by
poor dralnngo. Tho field Is situated
on tho bank ot, a doop slough and Is
within a aunrtor of a mllo of the
rlvor, liolng at least 1C feet abova
tho wator lovol of tho rlvor. A need
for drainage would not usually bo
oxpocted uuder tliosa conditions, but
nu bxamlnatlon of tho sub-soil with
n.Holl nugor rovcaled tho prcsonco
of jriorlos of hard-pan dykes run
nlngpfirullol with tho rlvor anil In
tho ease' of tho first one oxtondljig
to a dopth of about ?.! feot whero
It connactod with n layer of almost
Imporvlou putty llko clay, a condi
tion .which of courKQ prevented tho
(propar dralnngo of tho land. Tho
romatudor of tho tlold was found to
bo undorlnld with strcakn ot hard-'
pnn running parallel to tho first
which occurred from 214 to B foot
from the surfaco nnd varied In
thickness front 2 inches to 2 feet,
fjomo placos woro entirely free from
hard-pan. Tho drain wus thoroforo
located so ns to cross thoso hard
pan streaks.
HlulcliiK
At tho suggestion ot Mr. C. I..
Dutcholdor, of tho Warmsprlngs Ir
rigation district and others, it was
deeldod to attempt to romovo most
of tho dirt by sluicing. Since It
was consldorod doslrablo to liavo
Home dirt for rofllllng, In caso tllo
woro to bo put in lator, anil In or
der to havo n good basis for sluic
ing operations, ditch 214 feot deep,
0 foot wlda at tho top, and 8 feot
wldoat the bottom was built with
n frosno and a groove, 0 Inches
deop nnd tho width ot n slip scrap
por was mado In tho bottom in or
der to confine tho water to a narrow
channel.
It wus first plannod to sluice by
koopliig the water falling with a
straight' drop of five feet or moro
and to loosen tho dirt by working
on tho porpendlcular surfaco ho
uouth tho falls with u long bur,' tho
Idea being that tho dirt would bt
broken oft In largo place which
would bo turthor broken up and
put Into suspension by the forco of
tho fulling water. With this end In
view 70 foot ot the outlet whero
tho ditch crossed a shallow slough,
was taken down to grade with
scrapers leaving tlio uitcn witu u
perpendicular drop of about 10 feot.
A head ot about 3H socond foot ot
wator was then turned in tho ditch
and a bar, made by welding a shur
pei)ed ploce ot steel on tho oud, of a
pipe, was usod to pry the dirt loose
below tho falls. This system was
fairly successful but the system that
gave tho best results and which was
finally udoptod was to loosen tho
dirt with a shovel nnd Instead ot
using tho straight drop, the ditch
was sluiced back in a series of lay
ers, about 16 Inchos and about 40
feet long, bo that tho ditch was
taken to grade as the work pro
gressed.
When hnnf-pan was oncduntorod
It was found necossnry to break It
up with a pick, Small quantities
sluiced were found to sluice out
without difficulty but when nn ox
tended amount was encountered, tho
largor particles settled to tho bottom
and It wns necessary to loosen this
matorlal up ngnn and to throw
somo of tho larger pieces out by
hand. Somo of tho worst hard-pan
layers woro removed with a pick nnd
shovel Without ho aid ot tho water.
Whonovcr It was posslblo to break
the , hard-pan up Into small pieces
It slulcod out without difficulty.
Costs
The 070 feot ot tho ditch which
Is now completed and which aver
ages 11 feot In depth required 35316
hours ot man labor 209 hours of
horse labor, or tho equivalent of one
man working 353 H hours nnd ono
horso working 200 14 hours. This
Includes also tho labor required for
tho frcsno work for 200 feet In ad
dition to tho amount which is now
camplotod and nil tho work on tho
outlot, etc., tho cost ot which will
ultimately bo distributed over savor
nl hundred moro feot ot drain. Fig
uring man labor nt 3C cents per
hour and horso labor at 12 ',4 conts
per hour, tho cost of digging tho
drain would bo about $140.00.
Charging all tho labor to data to
tho 070 feot now complotod, tho
cost per foot ot drain would bo a
traction, over 22 conts, nnd tho cost
por yard of dirt removed would bo
nDiiroxImntely H conts. This, of
course, Includes' tho frosno work
and tho pick and shovol work nn
well as the actual sluicing. Tho
cost of sluicing whoro no hard-pan
was encountered nnd tho dirt wash
ed easily, was approximately, 0
cents per yard.
I Ionic Drawn Tools
A plow was used with somo sue
cess in losonlng tho dirt for sluic
ing but for the short ditch ' that
was mndo It was found not practic
able to go to tho oxpenso ot rig
ging up to glvo this method a
thorough trial, It showed consid
erable promote,, liowevor, nnd would
probably work best In u largo ditch
and for tho first fow foot.
A cultivator, with the handles sot
closo togothor wob used with mark
ed success. This tool was usod for
taking out tho Inst dirt after tho
ditch was practically complotod and
In the halt duy it was used tho
looso dirt was sluiced from tho en
tire length of tho drain and a cut
of about 0 Inches was mndo In ad
dition. Tho bundles wero set closo
togothor bo that It could be handed
In the bottom of. tho ditch without
difficulty nnd It was fastened by
means of a 20 foot cablo to tho
center ot a couplo of two-by-fours,
eighteen feet long, which extended
across tho ditch. A horso was
hltchod to each end ot tho lupro
vlsod doublo-treo to haul tho cultt
vat en? It was only posslblo to haul
tho cultivator dowu stream for it
could not bo hold In place when go
lug up atronm.
There Is uoed for somo Hort ot n
tool which will work without hav
ing nnyono In tho ditch to gutdo It
for whllo tho soil on tho Uurrello
ranch vsns such that a man could
work in the ditch without danger
thoro are a great many placos whero
this would not bo tho case. Mr.
Percy Purvis, who lives near Vulo,
has developed a tool, pattorned after
a threshing mnchluo cylinder, but
with specially prepared tooth which
Is designed to in net this requirement.
It is expected that this tool will at
bo be successful In breaking up tho
hard-pan in small enough pieces
that It will sluice successfully. Mr.
Purvis has not tried It out suffi
ciently to report doflultely on this
tool as yot. '
Whllo enough work has not beon
dono along this line to warrant
general recommendations and thoro
aro undoubtedly a great many placos
whero It will not prove successful,
tho work bo far dono Indicates that
whero a good head of water Is avail
able, there la sufficient fall (12 to
15 feet per mllo, or over) and tho
soil conditions aro right, this sys
torn of building dralnngo ditches
will save a great; deal of money.
"See McFall and See Better"
DR. J. A. McFALL
Eyesight Specialist, 0titi, Ore
Phone 147-J
Go to
an
Optometrist
PAROLED MEN EARM
BIG SUM DURING JUNE
IH.1 Men itclcnm-ri From I'enllcntl.
nry Paid $01) HI for Tlielr Work
In Month M! Paroled Hlnro '
11)11 III) llrcnlo Word
Telegram Salem Hurcnu
Salem, Or., July 30. (Spoclal)
Earnings In legislature endeavor of
183 paroled men from tho Oregon
ponltontlnry who woro reporting
during tho month of Juno aggrcgato
$0040.24, according to tho report ot
Percy M. Vnrnoy, stnto parolo of
ficer, mado to tho stnto parolo
board. This was an averngo of
$35.77 to tho num. At tho same
time tho avcrago earnings ot condi
tionally pardoned men woro $02.44
to tho man.
Slnco tho passage of tho stnto par
olo law In 1011 a total ot 1403 pris
oners havo been paroled from tho
stnto prison, nnd 4to ot them, or
27.40 per cont have violated their
paroles. Of this number 02.4 4 por
cont violated by committing crlmo
nnd 47.00 pr cont by fnlluro to ro
port. Crimes Ily Paroled Men
According to M. Vnrnoy tho
crlmos committed by paroled man,
which havo caused them to bo re
turned to prison or to put thorn In
tho fugltlvo status, aro usually ot
minor nnturo. Ileally serious crimes
that havo beon committed by thoso
men, henvors, could bo counted on
tho fingers of ono hand,-nnd tho of
fense committed by I.uthor Clngan
at Hood' Hlvor recently In kidnap
ing two women and a boy, resulting
In tho killing of Fagan by a posso,
Varuey says Is tho most serious
crlmo that has been committed by
n paroled man. Ono or two rnthor
sensational cases of forgory and ob
taining raonoy by fnlso prctoiiBcs
aro mentioned. Uocords showing In
dotall tho escapades of tho parole
violators aro not available at tho
prlsoi.
Up to six months ngo, according
to tho parolo offlcor, 80 per cent of
tho men on parolo woro making
good. Tho porcentago has beon ro
ducod to somo oxtont In rccont
months bocauso ot tho provatonco ot
misdemeanor nnd crlmo during tho
Inst winter.
Few nro OiTKonlain
Tho policy of tho prison relatlvo
to keeping mon In tho stnto when
tlioy leave tho penitentiary Is chang
ing for tho reason that a very small
porcentago of them nro Orcgonlaus.
Tho records show tlnft somo tlmo
("back when tho prison population
was 324 only fifty-seven of tho pris
oners' wero Orcgonlaus. .Now whon
n man Is through his term in tho
state prison ho Is encouragod to
leave tho stato.
In writing up tho caso of any
man who Is slatod to go beforo tho
parolo board for consideration, tho
parolo officer Is required to submit
a statement from tho Judgo who
presided nt his trlnl and from tho
district attornoy who prosecuted
him; also a statement from tho man
hlmsolt.
When Pnroli-H Aro Violated
Whon a pnrolod man violates his
parolo by commission ot n crlmo and
Is rotumed, to the prison ha Is re
quired by law to sorvo out tho max
imum ot his old sontenco nnd tho
minimum of his now sontanco be
foro ho Is eligible again tnf go be
foro tho pnrolo board.
In addition to tho regular list of
paroled mon now reporting to Of
flcor Vnrnoy nro 128 mon who hnvo
boon pnrolod from tho bench. They
nlso nro roqulred to roport onclt
A nv. an n
BEAN
ENTHUSIASTIC SAVER
Ail account with the Ontario National
Hank will niitko you enthusiastic in saving
and prove a ?ivat help in accuniulatiiiK
money.
69ft- Interest Paid on Savings Accounts
tw --
ntsrioWionai Bank
OLDEST BANK IN
JRANT, HAttNEY4I? MALHEUR COUNTIES
month. Tho form ot their report Is
slightly dltforont from that ot tho
mon paroled out ot prison. Tho lat
ter must sign a statement showing
among other things tho conditions ot
tholr parolo, their monthly earnings
and tholr occupations.
Many Aro Discharged
Mr, Vnrnoy now tins on his list
112 men who hnvo boon released
from reporting. Ot tho 1403 who
hnvo been pnrolod sIiicj tho law
bocamo oporntlvo In 1011, 788 hnvo
boon discharged.
Twolvo man woro paroled during
tho month of Juno.
J
t
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