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About The Ontario Argus. (Ontario, Or.) 1???-1947 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 4, 1921)
THE ONTARIO ARGUS, ONTARIO, OREGON, THURSDAY, AUGUST 4, 1921. -. -II - UJ. ' 0. 1 C. SPECIALIST PRESENTS INTERESTING REPORT ON EXPERIMENT IN RECLAIMING LANDS CONBTIIUOTIO 01-" IHtAINAOR IHTCIIKH lV Hl.UICINO Mr.TIIOI) i)i:ci(A!u:i) piiAcncAi undkk huitaum: ooNihtionh WOUK HKCUIIKI) TllltOUOlI KAItM ISUItKAU W. W. Johnston, gives Intorest Ing account of Experiments to Ho claim Alkali Tract by drainage, ac companied, by various hoII treat ments and cropping plans. In a letter to tho Coiinty Agent, W. W. Johnston, Assistant professor of soils at tlio Oregon Agricultural College, who was assigned to havo chargo of tho ryioperntlvo oxpcrl monts In dralnngo and alkali remov al on -tho tract which was started last spring near Vale, as n rosult ot Farm Bureau nctlvlty In Interesting tho experiment station In such work, raising funds, etc., tho following In teresting Information Is given: Tho following Is a preliminary re port on tho building of a farm drainage ditch on tho Hurrollo ranch near Vale, Oregon. Tho work of building tho drain was dono by Mr. Hurrollo, tho methods being worked out In cooperation with tho writer. Tho drain was built nr a part of an experiment conducted by tho Ore gon Experiment Station In coopera tion with local Interests for tho pur poso of determining tho'hest method ot reclaiming alkali lands In Mal heur County. Condition of lnni1 to Im Drained Tho land solectod for the experi ment and that It was doslrcd to drain Is or a typo known hh "fJreaso Wood" land. This noil naturally contains a largo amount of alkali and In this tnitnnco tho aJknllno condition had been aggravated by poor dralnngo. Tho field Is situated on tho bank ot, a doop slough and Is within a aunrtor of a mllo of the rlvor, liolng at least 1C feet abova tho wator lovol of tho rlvor. A need for drainage would not usually bo oxpocted uuder tliosa conditions, but nu bxamlnatlon of tho sub-soil with n.Holl nugor rovcaled tho prcsonco of jriorlos of hard-pan dykes run nlngpfirullol with tho rlvor anil In tho ease' of tho first one oxtondljig to a dopth of about ?.! feot whero It connactod with n layer of almost Imporvlou putty llko clay, a condi tion .which of courKQ prevented tho (propar dralnngo of tho land. Tho romatudor of tho tlold was found to bo undorlnld with strcakn ot hard-' pnn running parallel to tho first which occurred from 214 to B foot from the surfaco nnd varied In thickness front 2 inches to 2 feet, fjomo placos woro entirely free from hard-pan. Tho drain wus thoroforo located so ns to cross thoso hard pan streaks. HlulcliiK At tho suggestion ot Mr. C. I.. Dutcholdor, of tho Warmsprlngs Ir rigation district and others, it was deeldod to attempt to romovo most of tho dirt by sluicing. Since It was consldorod doslrablo to liavo Home dirt for rofllllng, In caso tllo woro to bo put in lator, anil In or der to havo n good basis for sluic ing operations, ditch 214 feot deep, 0 foot wlda at tho top, and 8 feot wldoat the bottom was built with n frosno and a groove, 0 Inches deop nnd tho width ot n slip scrap por was mado In tho bottom in or der to confine tho water to a narrow channel. It wus first plannod to sluice by koopliig the water falling with a straight' drop of five feet or moro and to loosen tho dirt by working on tho porpendlcular surfaco ho uouth tho falls with u long bur,' tho Idea being that tho dirt would bt broken oft In largo place which would bo turthor broken up and put Into suspension by the forco of tho fulling water. With this end In view 70 foot ot the outlet whero tho ditch crossed a shallow slough, was taken down to grade with scrapers leaving tlio uitcn witu u perpendicular drop of about 10 feot. A head ot about 3H socond foot ot wator was then turned in tho ditch and a bar, made by welding a shur pei)ed ploce ot steel on tho oud, of a pipe, was usod to pry the dirt loose below tho falls. This system was fairly successful but the system that gave tho best results and which was finally udoptod was to loosen tho dirt with a shovel nnd Instead ot using tho straight drop, the ditch was sluiced back in a series of lay ers, about 16 Inchos and about 40 feet long, bo that tho ditch was taken to grade as the work pro gressed. When hnnf-pan was oncduntorod It was found necossnry to break It up with a pick, Small quantities sluiced were found to sluice out without difficulty but when nn ox tended amount was encountered, tho largor particles settled to tho bottom and It wns necessary to loosen this matorlal up ngnn and to throw somo of tho larger pieces out by hand. Somo of tho worst hard-pan layers woro removed with a pick nnd shovel Without ho aid ot tho water. Whonovcr It was posslblo to break the , hard-pan up Into small pieces It slulcod out without difficulty. Costs The 070 feot ot tho ditch which Is now completed and which aver ages 11 feot In depth required 35316 hours ot man labor 209 hours of horse labor, or tho equivalent of one man working 353 H hours nnd ono horso working 200 14 hours. This Includes also tho labor required for tho frcsno work for 200 feet In ad dition to tho amount which is now camplotod and nil tho work on tho outlot, etc., tho cost ot which will ultimately bo distributed over savor nl hundred moro feot ot drain. Fig uring man labor nt 3C cents per hour and horso labor at 12 ',4 conts per hour, tho cost of digging tho drain would bo about $140.00. Charging all tho labor to data to tho 070 feot now complotod, tho cost per foot ot drain would bo a traction, over 22 conts, nnd tho cost por yard of dirt removed would bo nDiiroxImntely H conts. This, of course, Includes' tho frosno work and tho pick and shovol work nn well as the actual sluicing. Tho cost of sluicing whoro no hard-pan was encountered nnd tho dirt wash ed easily, was approximately, 0 cents per yard. I Ionic Drawn Tools A plow was used with somo sue cess in losonlng tho dirt for sluic ing but for the short ditch ' that was mndo It was found not practic able to go to tho oxpenso ot rig ging up to glvo this method a thorough trial, It showed consid erable promote,, liowevor, nnd would probably work best In u largo ditch and for tho first fow foot. A cultivator, with the handles sot closo togothor wob used with mark ed success. This tool was usod for taking out tho Inst dirt after tho ditch was practically complotod and In the halt duy it was used tho looso dirt was sluiced from tho en tire length of tho drain and a cut of about 0 Inches was mndo In ad dition. Tho bundles wero set closo togothor bo that It could be handed In the bottom of. tho ditch without difficulty nnd It was fastened by means of a 20 foot cablo to tho center ot a couplo of two-by-fours, eighteen feet long, which extended across tho ditch. A horso was hltchod to each end ot tho lupro vlsod doublo-treo to haul tho cultt vat en? It was only posslblo to haul tho cultivator dowu stream for it could not bo hold In place when go lug up atronm. There Is uoed for somo Hort ot n tool which will work without hav ing nnyono In tho ditch to gutdo It for whllo tho soil on tho Uurrello ranch vsns such that a man could work in the ditch without danger thoro are a great many placos whero this would not bo tho case. Mr. Percy Purvis, who lives near Vulo, has developed a tool, pattorned after a threshing mnchluo cylinder, but with specially prepared tooth which Is designed to in net this requirement. It is expected that this tool will at bo be successful In breaking up tho hard-pan in small enough pieces that It will sluice successfully. Mr. Purvis has not tried It out suffi ciently to report doflultely on this tool as yot. ' Whllo enough work has not beon dono along this line to warrant general recommendations and thoro aro undoubtedly a great many placos whero It will not prove successful, tho work bo far dono Indicates that whero a good head of water Is avail able, there la sufficient fall (12 to 15 feet per mllo, or over) and tho soil conditions aro right, this sys torn of building dralnngo ditches will save a great; deal of money. "See McFall and See Better" DR. J. A. McFALL Eyesight Specialist, 0titi, Ore Phone 147-J Go to an Optometrist PAROLED MEN EARM BIG SUM DURING JUNE IH.1 Men itclcnm-ri From I'enllcntl. nry Paid $01) HI for Tlielr Work In Month M! Paroled Hlnro ' 11)11 III) llrcnlo Word Telegram Salem Hurcnu Salem, Or., July 30. (Spoclal) Earnings In legislature endeavor of 183 paroled men from tho Oregon ponltontlnry who woro reporting during tho month of Juno aggrcgato $0040.24, according to tho report ot Percy M. Vnrnoy, stnto parolo of ficer, mado to tho stnto parolo board. This was an averngo of $35.77 to tho num. At tho same time tho avcrago earnings ot condi tionally pardoned men woro $02.44 to tho man. Slnco tho passage of tho stnto par olo law In 1011 a total ot 1403 pris oners havo been paroled from tho stnto prison, nnd 4to ot them, or 27.40 per cont have violated their paroles. Of this number 02.4 4 por cont violated by committing crlmo nnd 47.00 pr cont by fnlluro to ro port. Crimes Ily Paroled Men According to M. Vnrnoy tho crlmos committed by paroled man, which havo caused them to bo re turned to prison or to put thorn In tho fugltlvo status, aro usually ot minor nnturo. Ileally serious crimes that havo beon committed by thoso men, henvors, could bo counted on tho fingers of ono hand,-nnd tho of fense committed by I.uthor Clngan at Hood' Hlvor recently In kidnap ing two women and a boy, resulting In tho killing of Fagan by a posso, Varuey says Is tho most serious crlmo that has been committed by n paroled man. Ono or two rnthor sensational cases of forgory and ob taining raonoy by fnlso prctoiiBcs aro mentioned. Uocords showing In dotall tho escapades of tho parole violators aro not available at tho prlsoi. Up to six months ngo, according to tho parolo offlcor, 80 per cent of tho men on parolo woro making good. Tho porcentago has beon ro ducod to somo oxtont In rccont months bocauso ot tho provatonco ot misdemeanor nnd crlmo during tho Inst winter. Few nro OiTKonlain Tho policy of tho prison relatlvo to keeping mon In tho stnto when tlioy leave tho penitentiary Is chang ing for tho reason that a very small porcentago of them nro Orcgonlaus. Tho records show tlnft somo tlmo ("back when tho prison population was 324 only fifty-seven of tho pris oners' wero Orcgonlaus. .Now whon n man Is through his term in tho state prison ho Is encouragod to leave tho stato. In writing up tho caso of any man who Is slatod to go beforo tho parolo board for consideration, tho parolo officer Is required to submit a statement from tho Judgo who presided nt his trlnl and from tho district attornoy who prosecuted him; also a statement from tho man hlmsolt. When Pnroli-H Aro Violated Whon a pnrolod man violates his parolo by commission ot n crlmo and Is rotumed, to the prison ha Is re quired by law to sorvo out tho max imum ot his old sontenco nnd tho minimum of his now sontanco be foro ho Is eligible again tnf go be foro tho pnrolo board. In addition to tho regular list of paroled mon now reporting to Of flcor Vnrnoy nro 128 mon who hnvo boon pnrolod from tho bench. They nlso nro roqulred to roport onclt A nv. an n BEAN ENTHUSIASTIC SAVER Ail account with the Ontario National Hank will niitko you enthusiastic in saving and prove a ?ivat help in accuniulatiiiK money. 69ft- Interest Paid on Savings Accounts tw -- ntsrioWionai Bank OLDEST BANK IN JRANT, HAttNEY4I? MALHEUR COUNTIES month. Tho form ot their report Is slightly dltforont from that ot tho mon paroled out ot prison. Tho lat ter must sign a statement showing among other things tho conditions ot tholr parolo, their monthly earnings and tholr occupations. Many Aro Discharged Mr, Vnrnoy now tins on his list 112 men who hnvo boon released from reporting. Ot tho 1403 who hnvo been pnrolod sIiicj tho law bocamo oporntlvo In 1011, 788 hnvo boon discharged. Twolvo man woro paroled during tho month of Juno. J t THE TJ. S. 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