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About Port Orford post. (Port Orford, Oregon) 1937-19?? | View Entire Issue (April 30, 1937)
PORT ORFORD, OREGON, POST The SUPREME COURT AND HOW IT WORKS The W ill of the People By ROBERT MERRILL T\f\l /T TPDÄ J AROUND W LI K.Y •he HOUSE ipped 1 Good Hybrid Corn Needs Good Better Varieties Equipped to Produce on Highly SHOULD BREED FOR Fertile Land. HIGH-PRICED EGGS L. Lang. Assistant Chief. Soil Ex HE Supreme court exists By A. periment Fields. University of Illinois.—WNU Servite. to interpret the will of With farmers preparing to plant the people as expressed in a record acreage of hybrid seed their basic law—the Consti com this year, they are advised that good hybrids need good soil. tution. T Browsing Among Books an Outdoor Sport in Boston. Prepared by National Geographic Society, Washington, D. C.—WNU Service. TUDY Boston from the high tower of the customhouse. It looks down on that cobweb maze of narrow, crooked streets which marks the “city lim its” of bygone days, when cows grazed on the Common and clipper ships traded with China and Bom bay. In the shadow of modern struc tures squat many old-style shops and “countinghouses,’’ already weather-beaten when John Hancock was governor. To Boston these are more than obsolete architecture; they are symbols of her busy, au dacious youth when she built and sailed our first merchant fleet. Modern Boston sprawls over more than 1.000 square miles and counts some 2,300,000 people in her metro politan district. Much of that is in the pattern of other American cities. But the old Boston, so like parts of ancient London, is unique in the United States. Come down from the tower now and see how certain of these streets are devoted to a particular enter prise. This one smells of hides and leather; along that one you see only the gilded signs of shoe manufactu- turers. One section smells of fish, another of wool, and here is a wharf fragrant with bananas. Turn up the hill toward the vener able Transcript, with its columns of genealogy, and you smell newsprint, fresh ink, roasting coffee, and sec ond-hand books stacked in the open air—any book from Gray’s “Elegy” to “Anthony Adverse.” Even the odd wording of sign boards harks back to earlier days. “Victualers License,” “Spa,” “Pro tection Department,” not fire depart ment, and street-car signs in quaint, stilted English. Old trades cling to old places. The Old Oyster House, live lobsters wrig gling in its window tanks, stands just as it was a hundred years ago. Aged Carver of Pipes. Before a window at 30 Court street crowds watch a wrinkled artist carve pipes. At eighty-seven, wear ing no glasses, he works as skill fully as when he began, seventy years ago. Monk, Viking, and In dian heads, skulls, lions, dogs—he makes them all. Give him your picture and he will cut its likeness on a meer schaum bowl. For a Kentucky horse man he carved the image of that rider’s favorite mount; he even carved the “Battle of Bunker Hill” with 50 brier figures on one big pipe! Five workmen in pipe stores here abouts have a total service of more than 200 years. “A man is on trial until he has been here 25 years” is a favorite joke in one shop. Quietly another old sculptor works, making “ancient” idols, Tel lies of the Stone Age, even a “petri fied man” for a circus in Australia! Turn back and walk through the cathedral-like First National bank and look at its compelling murals, with their dramatic themes of merchant adventures by land and sea or study the fascinating exhibit of historic ships’ models in the State Street Trust company. Then talk with men whose fam ilies for generations have helped shape Boston’s destiny, and you be gin to sense what significant events, affecting all America, are packed in her 300 years of history. Boston cash and engineering skill built several of the great railway systems of America. Chicago stock- yards, to a large degree, were built by men from Boston. She founded the great copper-mining industry in our West; she was the early home of many corporations, famous now in the annals of finance, foreign trade, construction, and manufac turing. It was Boston brains and money that started the great telegraph and telephone systems that now girdle the globe. Miraculously, almost, she turned the jungles of Central America and the Caribbean isles into vast banana plantations, and built up the greatest fruit industry the world knows. Bostonians Pioneered Rest. From Boston went groups of thrifty, energetic men to share in the conquest of the West. To Kansas, especially, many colonists were sent by the Massachusetts Emigrant Aid company to circumvent the rise of another slave state under the Kan sas-Nebraska act. Lawrence, Kansas, is named for an old Boston family, and many a budding Midwest factory town drew its first artisans from that national training school for skilled mechan ics which is New England. Descendants of these pioneers form part of the army of 2,000,000 visitors, more or less, who flock back to Boston each season and swarm out to the historic towns about it. They want to see the old places where their ancestors lived, and spots famous in the annals of early days: Bunker Hill monument; Faneuil hall; the site of the Boston Tea Party; Old North church; Paul Revere’s house; the tomb of Mother Goose; the site of the Boston Mas- sacre; the sacred codfish in the Statehouse; and near-by Plymouth Rock, Concord, and Lexington, and the Witch House at Salem. Today Boston prints more books than when she was pre-eminently a “literary center.” Manuscripts pour in to her editors. Novels, carloads of dictionaries, and schoolbooks in Spanish and English, Sanskrit and Eskimo, are shipped from here, of- ten to markets as remote as Bagh- dad. Her Golden Age of letters, when Emerson, Hawthorne, Longfellow, Whittier, Holmes and Lowell used to frequent the Old Corner Book Store, passed with the rise of New York as a market for manuscripts. But curious visitors still seek out Emerson’s old home at Concord; they prowl through the country house of Louisa M. Alcott—admis sion 25 cents—and drop a tear for "Little Women.” For another 25 cents they see the “House of Seven Gables” at Salem. In American letters Dana’s "Two Years Before the Mast,” Melville’s “Moby Dick” or "Typee,” and the brilliant historical work of Prescott, Parkman, Fiske, and Bancroft must long endure, as will other names, from Edward Everett Hale, author of “The Man Without a Country,” and Julia Ward Howe, who wrote “The Battle Hymn of the Republic,” to Thoreau and John Boyle O’Reilly. From Boston still come important magazines for both adults and youths. But it is the stupendous output of textbooks which astonishes. You can imagine the volume when you stop to think that between 25 and 30 million American children alone are enrolled in schools; that they must have some 70,000,000 books when schools open each Sep tember, and that Boston is one of the chief textbook-producing cen ters in the world. World Center for Textbooks. “There are many schoolbooks,” said an official of a publishing com pany, “whose sales make that of a popular novel look diminutive. They are handled not in dozens of boxes, but in carloads of 40,000 pounds each. “While some of our novels, ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin’ and "Rebecca of Sun- nybrook Farm,’ for example, have sold more than half a million each, our little school pamphlets such as ‘Evangeline’ and ‘The Courtship of Miles Standish' have sold at the rate of a million a year. “The task of getting sufficient schoolbooks ready to meet the sud den demand every September, when orders come in at the last minute by wire, means that pub.ishers usually begin printing these books as long as ten months ahead.” “Books made in Boston are sent everywhere that English is used in schools,” said another publisher. “More than that; in translation, they go to scores of foreign lands. Re cently orders came from Baghdad for thousands of our Craig's ‘Path ways in Science.' Arabic transla tions of Breasted's ‘Ancient Times' and a number of our other books are used in the schools of Iraq. Not long ago we granted the govern ment of Iraq permission to translate Caldwell and Curtis’ 'Introduction to Science' into Arabic. “You know that the British Isles are a citadel of the classics. We feel gratified, therefore, that our series, 'Latin for Today’ is now in wide use in Scotland and England. These volumes are the authorized, books in New Zealand and at least one of the states of Australia, be sides being much used in South Af rica. “Latin America is today using carloads of Boston textbooks. They are Spanish readers, geographies, arithmetics, hygiene books, al gebras. geometries, and others. “In Ottawa I saw a wall map with tiny flags that marked the sites of Indian schools; many were up within the Arctic Circle. All these schools use our books. This summer we had to hurry one new book through for publication early in Au gust so we might get it to these schools before ice closed naviga tion to the Far North.” | , . ; f | i ! j ’ ' I | ' But the task is not always an easy one. Sometimes the members of the court themselves are not in accord. Sometimes critics outside the court disagree with its findings. That is only natural. Consider, for example, three of our outstanding constitutional rights: Trial by jury, immunity from un reasonable search, and prohibition upon the taking of life, liberty or property without due process of law. The language of the Constitution as to the first of these is very clear; as to the second it is less clear, and in the case of the third it is still more vrgue. Defining Our Rights. Since the function of the Supreme court is to protect the individual citizen against the invasion of his constitutional rights, the task of the court is easiest when, in the Constitution, the will of the people has been clearly expressed. Thus a federal statute authorizing a judge to dismiss the jury in a criminal case and himself pronounce the de fendant guilty would be a fairly clear violation of the provision that the trial of all crimes shall be by jury. In case of a warrant to search a citizen's house, there might be plen ty of room for difference of opinion whether the attempted search was or was not “unreasonable.” Finally, when the citizen com plains merely that the congress is proposing to deprive him of liberty or property without giving him a square deal, the court has the diffi cult task of determining, upon the facts of his case, whether or not his complaint is well founded. In all three cases, however, it is important to remember that the lan guage of the Constitution is not the court’s language, but the people’s. As is stated in its Preamble, “we, the people” wrote the Constitution. As was also provided in the original draft, we, the people, can change its language or provisions. We have, in fact, done so many times, through the process of amendment. And when we make such changes the Supreme court has no choice but to apply, to any case, the rules which the people have written. The Case of Mrs. Minor. The Equal Suffrage Amendment offers an interesting illustration of this. Let’s go back into a bit of general ly forgotten history for an illustra tion: In 1872 Mrs. Virginia Minor, of Missouri, was denied the privilege of registering as a voter in that state. She insisted that she had the right to vote, and brought suit against the officer who would not let her register. He held that the constitution and laws of Missouri provided that “Ev ery male citizen of the United .States shall be entitled to vote.” Mrs. Mi nor replied that denying her the vote was a violation of ner rights of citizenship under the United States Constitution, and therefore the pro visions of the constitution and laws of Missouri were in this case void. The appeal went to the United States Supreme court. After hearing both sides it de cided unanimously that while wom en had always been considered cit izens, nevertheless the right to vote had not been made one of the priv ileges of a citizen by the United States Constitution, and that the 14th Amendment to the Constitution did not add the right of suffrage to the privileges and immunities of citizenship as they existed at the time of its adoption. Amendment Clears Situation. “If the law is wrong," held the eourt, "it ought to be changed; but the power for that is not with us.” It held further that under the Unit ed States Constitution, “the Consti tutions and laws of the several States which commit that important trust to men alone are no* neces sarily void." Today that situation is changed— because the people decided that women should have the right to vote and said so clearly in the 19th Amendment, adopted in 1920. Emphatically they asserted: “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States r by any State on account of sex.” Since 1920 any law which deprived a woman of the right to vote would clearly be unconstitutional, and the Supreme court would so declare. What had formerly not existed as a right was made a right by the peo ple, by changing the rules. C Western Newspaper Union. The Earth’« Surface The superficial area of the earth is 196.950.000 square miles, of which 139.440.000 square miles is watet and only 57,51C,000 square miles land, according to an authority in the Detroit News. This land area has been subdivided into 33,000,000 square miles of fertile region, 19,- 000.000 square miles of steppes; and 5.000.000 square miles mountainous. Items of Interest to the Housewife Because of the accumulation of the many desirable characteristics in the better strains of hybrid com, the good hybrids are more adapted and better equipped to produce high yields on highly fertile soils than are the common open-pollinated va I rieties. Good hybrids need good soil not because they are unable to produce on poor soil, but because they have the ability to utilize more effectively the materials found in fertile soil. A corn grower can not expect to grow 90-bushel or 100-bushel corn on 30-bushel land, and he may be wasting high quality seed if he tries it. On the other hand if he has high quality soil capable of pro ducing big crops, he is wasteful if he does not use seed good enough to make full use of the land. One good feature of corn improve ment by hybrid breeding, is that superior hybrids may make it pos sible to obtain much larger returns from good systems of soil improve | ment than has been possible in the past. In other words a farmer need no longer fear that he is getting his land too good for his seed. However, hybrid corn can not be expected to take the backache out of spreading limestone nor to serve as a substitute for crop rotations and applications of manure and fer tilizer. Carry Over Filled Silo Is a Timely Suggestion Many successful stock farmers have for years made it a practice to carry over a supply of corn or grain for their live stock; especially is this true in sections of the coun try where crop failures are not un common. "Carry over a crib of corn” has been a favorite slogan. The last two widespread and de structive drouths have proven the wisdom of carrying over feed. For so often in a drouth year, not only the corn and grain crops are short but pastures, hay and forage. With out doubt, we will find it a safe and sound policy to carry over especially from a good year, a sup ply of grain and forage, says a writ er in the Missouri Farmer. Experiments and experience have proven that forage can best be pre served by ensiling. About any kind of plant that stock will eat can be made into silage and in such a state will keep for several years. Now we need a new slogan for the stock farmer and "Carry over a filled silo,” is suggested. Since the early introduction of silos, some 45 years ago, much progress has been made and today we have something like 550,000 silos in use in the United States. When we compare states that have made a large use of the silo with those who have made small use of it, we find that we are still very short of this equipment. A proper econom ical use of the silo would require at least 1,000,000 more silos. Prevents Hams Souring The first precaution to prevent hams from souring is to be sure that the animal is not overheated before killing and to bleed the ani mal well after killing. All cur ing vessels should be scalded and the water for the brine or pickle should be boiled before using, says an authority at the North Carolina State college. Rub each ham with salt before packing for cure and, if brine cured, examine brine every few days to see that it covers the entire contents of container. After curing, hang the ham from six to eight feet above fire and smoke to taste. If curing directions are fol lowed and these precautions taken the meat will keep without souring. Feed for Cow in Milk A common rule for feeding a cow In milk is from two to three pounds of good quality hay for each 100 pounds live weight, or one pound of hay and three pounds of corn silage for a similar weight unit. A 1,000-pound cow would then require 10 pounds of hay and 30 pounds of silage daily, plus sufficient grain mixture to meet her milk require ments. which are one pound of grain for each three to four pounds of milk produced, according to an authority in the Rural New-Yorker. Any of the standard commercial mixed feeds from 18 to 24 per cent mixtures are generally satisfac tory. Fodder may be substituted for some of the Lay if desired. Water Hemlock Poisonous Water hemlock is one of the most poisonous plants known. It may cause death in any species, includ ing man. Cattle and sheep are most often affected by It. The plant be longs to the parsnip family. It grows along creek banks, ditches, and in swales ant* other low. moist areas. It attains a height of 4 to 8 feet and has a broad umbrella-like flower with many small white blossoms on top. Most farmers are familiar with this plant. | I i | I Washing Table Silver—Much of the work of polishing table silver can be saved if the silver is placed in hot soapsuds immedi ately after being used and dried with a soft clean cloth. ... Size as Well as Production Melting Chocolate —Chocolate is Equally Important. i easy to burn, and for that reason should never be melted directly By Dr. W. C. Thompson, Poultry Hus over a fire. Melt it in the oven bandman. New Jersey College of Agriculture.—WNU Service. or over a pan of hot water. • • * Since big eggs make for increased poultry farm income because of the To Remove Threads — When emphasis placed on size in grading basting sewing material, try plac eggs, and since the ability to pro ing the knots of the thread on duce big eggs is heritable, poultry- the right side. They will be easier men should breed for egg size as to pull out when the garment is well as for production and other finished. • • ♦ inherited traits. Fresh quality table eggs are sold Hanging Pictures—Is your pic on an egg size quality basis. This ture hanging on a nail which means that price returns are, to a keeps breaking the plaster and so large extent at least, based on the falling out? Before you put the egg size quality of respective packs. nail in next time, fill the hole with The poultry breeder who is in glue, the plaster will not crumble. terested in improving the average egg size of the yield produced by Stuffed Orange Salad — Allow his pullet layers should remember one orange for each person to be that there is no significant correla served. Cut through the skin tion between the number of eggs three-quarters of the way down in that a bird lays and the size of inch strips being careful not to those eggs and that the poultry breeder must select his breeding stock both with regard to the quantity and egg size quality. He should also keep in mind that egg size quality may be very materially increased by a proper introduction of this element into the poultry breeding improvement program. The nearer the poultryman can Profitless Meanness come to produce pullot-laying flocks There is a meanness that profits which yield eggs of such size and not the men who possesses it. quality as will command first-grade That of stubbornly withholding prices, the more profitable will be praise where it is deserved. One the egg farming enterprise. could understand withholding In the practical application of money. such principles two methods are of- When in doubt, etiquette is an feied: First, if trapnesting is being excellent guide. done, pullets which show 60 per cent Don't ask your friend to do or more of first-grade eggs, or eggs something for you he doesn’t want weighing 24 ounces or more to the to. Your friendship will cool. dozen should be separately banded Sometimes a pessimist is a man with a legband. Future breeders, who backed an optimist. other things being equal, are best chosen from that group. This in A Success Secret volves weighing eggs produced dur If you know intimately a suc- ing any 30-day period after three cessful man, you know one that months of production have passed. will not tell yon everything. According to the second method, There will yet be a Society for suggested when no trapnesting is the Encouragement of Courtesy being done, the breeding stock is Among Autoniobilists. selected with regard to all the char Being bored accounts for a lot acteristics considered to be impor of improvement in this world. tant, and the matings are made up Man hasn’t done much with fish, as usual. In any case, only eggs for all his inventiveness. He has weighing 24 to 28 ounces per dozen eliminated no bones; yet he got are placed in the incubator. ; the seeds out of oranges. Figures gathered on several hun A Menace to All dred layers indicate that the adop Worshipful men will worship a tion of the 24-ounce-to-the-dozen minimum, or preferably the 26- woman, but unworshipful men ounce-to-the-dozen minimum, for won't worship anybody. Be chary about accepting an in hatching eggs will accomplish dis tinct improvement in the average vitation to make a visit unless egg size of the resultant pullet your host sets the date. We’re satisfied with any bathtub flocks. ' that has a handle to get out by. Love is blind and sometimes it’s Cites High Standards in ] worse. Lov e gets by with too little Choosing Hatching Eggs criticism. Selecting eggs for hatching ac cording to a definite standard aidb materially in improving the size, shape and color of eggs produced on the poultry farm, J. C. Taylor, associate extension poultryman at the New Jersey College of Agricul ture, Rutgers university, tells egg producers The standard of egg selection for hatching suggested by Taylor is that no egg shall weigh less than 24 ounces to the dozen nor more than 28. “The size,’’ he says, “should be uniform and the shape normal. Do not use eggs which are long, short, round or oddly shaped. The color should also be uniform—no cream colored or other tinted shells in *he white eggs and the brown eggs should be of a shade most character istic of the flock’’ The care of eggs before they are placed in the incubator determines to some extent the success of the hatch. Collect the hatching eggs fre quently, at least two or three times a day. Store the eggs in a clean, cool room or cellar where the tem perature does not go above 55 or 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Be sure that all hatching eggs are turned once a day and do not hold eggs longer than 10 days before putting them m the incubator. Raising Broiler Birds The cross of Rhode Island Red hens and Barred Rock males is a popular broiler bird. It is said that they grow faster and are easier to raise than most pure breeds. Broil ers are started on a chick starting ration and can be given hard grain after a short time or raised on an all mash feed. A special broiler ra tion gives well fleshed birds. The loss in dressing broilers ranges bo tween 13 and 14 per cent. In the Henyard Hatching eggs held longer than 10 days decrease in hatchability. The principal poultry markets of the country are New York. Boston, Chicago and Philadelphia. • • • Prevent floor drafts by whatever treatment of the poultry house may be necessary, but break up these drafts at all costs. • • • The usual number of males used in breeding flocks is one male to 15 hens, or six to 100 is the usual number In commercial hatching egg flocks of White Leghorns. break the strips apart. Remove orange pulp and cut in neat dice. Combine with pineapple and grapefruit dice and fill orange shell with mixture. Drop a spoon ful of heaty mayonnaise on top of each salad and garnish with a maraschino cherry. Another good mixture for stuffing the orange shells is a combination of orange sections, dates stuffed with cream cheese and nut meats. Mask with mayonnaise. • • • Left-Over Liver—Liver that is le over can be converted into an excellent sandwich filling if it is rubbed through a sieve, well sea soned, and moistened with a lit tle lemon juice and melted butter. ♦ • * Boiling Old Potatoes—Old pota toes sometimes turn black during boiling. To prevent this add a squeeze of lemon juice to the wa ter in which they are boiled. Jelly Sauce—One glass jelly (crab-apple, red currant, grape, etc), quarter cup hot water, one tablespoon butter, one tablespoon flour. Add hot water to jelly and let melt on stove. Heat butter in saucepan, add flour and grad ually hot jelly liquid. Cook until smooth and serve hot over almost any pudding. Cleaning Wood-Work—To clean badly soiled wood, use a mixture consisting of one quart of hot wa ter, three tablespoons of boiled linseed oil and one tablespoon of turpentine. Warm this and use while warm. Butterscotch—Two cups brown sugar, four tablespoons molasses, four tablespoons water, two table spoons butter, three tablespoons vinegar. Mix ingredients in sauce pan. Stir until it boils and cook until brittle when tested in cold water. Pour in greased pan. Cut into squares before cool. WNU Service. DONT TAKE CHANCES INSIST ON GENU/NE O'CEDAR Don’t you accept substitutes! k O-Cedar Polish protects and preserves your fuini- ture. Insist on genuine O-Cedar, favorite^ th* world fl| over for Lj % 30 T‘‘u' Q^ar .¿rx, 1CIÉ W VACATION VOYAGES JwL LORIOUS 11 -day, 2000-mils vacation cruises through An Aisle of Isles, the land-locked DO® Inside Passage, with calls at Ketchikan, Peter»- burg, Wrangell, Juneau and Sitka. 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