Everyone in U.S
National System of Identification
Is Being Urged for This
Country by Experts.
stir up enthusiasm among the public,
Mr. Bennett says, because the average
citizen I* not personally Interested
until he hit* u specific need for identh
Scation.
Mr. Bennett explains that the Idea of
a national system of finger printing I*
not new. France, llku the United
States, has been considering the plan,
und Argentinn already has u working
Pointed Out It Would Result In Ri system, though not quite so complete
turning to Th*ir Famlll** ths Thou
as thut proposed for this country.
sand* of Unidentified Burled
To start the system, finger print*
Yearly in Potter*' Field*.
would have to be taken Just us the
cemms is.
After thut, each yeur
children attaining six yeur* could be
finger-printed on u fixed date.
What do you think of thia
10 TAKE ALL OVER FIVE YEARS
•Chama to taka tha fing«r print*
of avary man, woman and child
In tha United Stataaf
Washington, D. C.—A national sys
tem of Identification I* being urged by
finger print experts. According to the
promised plan three act* of the print*
of each person In this country over
Ove years of age would be taken. One
•et would be filed nt a national bureau
of Identification at Washington. The
second copy would go to a bureau ut
the capital of the *tute In which the
Individual lived. And the third copy
would be Hied with local official* of
hl* city or county.
With this system, It Is claimed, pux-
ales of Identity would be reduced to a
minimum. Finger print* can now be
■o completely classified und filed that
when a pattern I* presented for Identi
fication, file ex[wrts can quickly ascer
tain whether or not the sumo print is
tn their collection.
Thus, suppose u man suffering from
aphasia were found wandering about
the street* of a southern city. Peo
ple are singularly careless about carry
ing marks of identification and It
might easily happen thnt a Chicago
shop label In a bat would be the only
clue to his Identity.
The man'* finger prints would be
taken nnd compared with prints of the
same type In the local city file. If
ho were not found there, the Chicago
bureau of Identification would be
asked to compare his prints with simi
lar exhibits In their Ilie. If lie were
not among the residents of Chicago,
the national bureau would search It*
records. Once the man was Identified,
his next of kin. us named on hi* finger
print card, would be notified.
Idsntify th* Dead.
By a similar process, the majority of
unidentified dead could be returned to
their families, we nre told. Detectives
■ay thut every year dO.OOO unidentified
dead are burled In the potters' fields
In this country. More than 100,000
women nre reported missing ench year
while kidnaped and lost children and
missing men constitute a serious
problem for every community.
An Identification bureau, of course,
will not make It much easier to locate
a person who has disappeared out of
his normal environment, halving no
trace. But every such person who
turns up unidentified ut a police head-
qvarten or hospital or morgue can be
almost surely traced through a nation
al finger print system.
Even In cases of drowning and death
caused by burns, where a body Is most
d'fflcult to Identify, finger print* can
often be of great assistance. Persons
who nre overtaken by violent death
nre apt to clench the hands, nnd the
skin of the finger tips Is thus pro
tected.
According to II. W. Bennett, print
expert of this city, every citizen should
n’allze that a complete national tinger
printing system would be u valuable-
protection to him.
Unfortunately only n few classes of
people—detectives, bankers, insurance
men and police officials, principally—
appreciate the Importance of conclu
sive Identification. It is not easy to
Patterns N*v*r Chang*.
Mr. Bennett say* thut this uge limit
la not set because of any change In
print* due to growth. An Individual'*
finger print pattern* do not chunga
from birth to death, except to become
larger. A buby four weeks old cun be
finger-printed, Mr. Bennett explains,
though It la difficult to keep the finger*
uncurled sufficiently to muke a clear
print, und the ridges are so fine that
they are not easy to analyze. For a
permanent record, therefore, It Is con
sidered advisable to wult until the
sixth year.
Each print record placed on flic In
national, state, und local bureaus,
would show the name und address und
next of kin of the Individuili. If be
changed hl* addrews or If the next of
kin died or left the country, the lo
cal bureau would expect to be notified
of changes to be made on the three
records. The efficiency of the system
would thus depend to some extent on
the co-operutl<m of the public In keep
ing the record correct.—Frederic J.
Haskin In the Chicago Dully News.
Newest Tank Being Tested; Old Ones in Discard
&----------------- ---------------------------------------------
Machine Ends Problem
for Doubtful Lovers
No longer need the doubtful
lover remain doubtful. An ap-
paratus being perfected by Dr.
Albert Abrum*, physician, of
Kan Francisco, Cal., will me-
chunically answer the question
of whether love exist* In nn In-
dlvldual, and if so, how much,
The machine measures love by
recording the vibration felt by
the •‘patient” when he concen-
trates ids thoughts on the girls
of Ids acquaintance.
The Christie tank, a combined road and crosa-country
three machine guns, being examined by officers at Camp
States, Is manned by a crew of four men and attains a
buby tanks our army used during the war, now dismantled
tank weighing 15 tons and carrying one six-pounder and
Eranklln, Md. This tank, the latest built by the United
speed of 12 miles an hour. At the left are a lot of the
and rusting at Camp Franklin.
Mix Religion
and Politics
Tidal Wave Not
Feared at Hilo
Because of Location, Hawaiian
City Is in Favorable Position
to Observe Disturbances.
HE DIDN’T GET AWAY
Two Are Inextricably Bound Up
in Way It Is Hard for West
ern Mind to Conceive.
CALIPH “WITHOUT PORTFOLIO"
Radical Departure That I* Little Un
derstood Outside of the Islam
World—Misconception* About
Faith Add to Confusion.
PRETTIEST CITY OF ISLANDS
Two Tidal Wave*, Following Recent
Chilean Earthquake*, Sweep Har
bor Without Cauaing Damage
or Uneaainesa.
Washington.—Hilo, second city of
the Hawaiian Islands, lato the harbor
of which tidal waves swept on two oc
casions following the recent Chilean
earthquakes. Is the subject of the fol-
lowing bulletin from the Washington
headquarters of the National Ueo-
graphic society.
“Situated on land which rise* to-
ward a wonderful background formed
by the highest island mountains In the
world,” says the bulletin, “Hilo is In
little danger from ten or twelve-foot
tidal waves such as those which re
cently bathed Its shores. But, because
of its location on the southernmost
island of the chain, facing eastward,
It was Ln a most favorable position to
observe the results of this mighty
phenomenon which raised the level
of the earth's greatest ocean sivm-
J. M. Touart of Cleveland, O., with
ingly as easily as a careless bather
the tnrpon which he caught In Florida
cun splnsh water from his tuU.
waters the other day.
The fish
City In Beautiful Setting.
“Hilonns claim that their city Is the weighed 128 pounds and was 6 feet 6
most beautiful In the Islands; and It inches long.
would be difficult to find a more ideal
setting. The shores of a broad bay greatest land wonders—the active vol
sweep away on both sides of the town canoes Kilauea and Mauna Loa—nnd
like the lines of a hyperbola. In the not only have not suffered from their
foreground, us one approaches from nearness, but have profited greatly be
the sea. Is nn Idyllic tropic Islet that cause their city Is the gateway through
Its discoverer might have been forgiven which thousands of visitors pass to
for naming 'Enchanted Isle? but view these ‘tame volcanoes? An ex
which. In matter-of-fuct English, Is cellent automobile highway leads from
called ‘Coconut Island? Back of the Hilo through a majestic forest of tree
city and Its bay, fringed with tropical ferns to a hotel on the brink of Ki
verdure, rise the highlands of the In lauea, about thirty miles away; and a
terior to their apex in Mauna Kea, supplemental road actually descends
often snow-capped, the highest of Is Into the huge crater, so that motorcars
land peaks. To the right, numerous may be driven to the very brink of the
streams rush to the sea.
bubbling lake of molten lava in the
“One reason why Hilonns refused to smaller. Interior crater.
become alarmed because of an unusual
Beneficiary of Hawaiian “Magic.”
phenomenon of the sea is that they
“The highway continues on to Man-
live next door to two of the world’s
naa, from which have come the great
lava flows of prehistoric and historic
times that have built up Hawal, young
est of the Islands of the Hawlinn
group, and make It still an Island ‘in
process of manufacture? The latest of
these lava flows occurred In 1919,
when n river of molten stone rushed
down the mountain on the opposite
i side of the island from Hilo nnd
plunged hissing into the sea. For
many days the water bubbled, while
steam clouds rose. Fish, boiled tq n
turn, floated nearby nnd could be
picked up by those venturesome
enough to row into the hot waters near
the fiery catnrnct.
"Tn 1880, when Hilo was still Inrgely
a native town, its existence wns
threatened by one of the greatest
flows Mauna Lon has ever sent forth.
Slowly the white-hot steam advanced
strnight for the town, until it wns less
than two miles awny. The people were
panic-stricken and, ns n last resort, ap-
. penled to the only surviving princess
nnd priestess of their grentest royal
Une. She took her stnnd a mile from
the town and declared the flow would
stop there. It did. There nre Hawaii-
nns who maintain still thnt Hilo was
saved from destruction only because
I’ele, goddess of the volcano, stopped
her fires when her daughter Interced
ed.”
Medal Awarded Heroine of Flood
i
Did you
hammedin
unit there
Near East
know that if the Mo- '
world wa* a religious •
would be no urgent J
problem?
Washington.—Near East politics are
Inextricably bound up with religion
in ways it is hard for us to conceive.
And some prevalent misconceptions
about the Mohammedan faith seem to
add confusion to many discussions
about Moslem problems.
“A caliph without temporal power
is a more radical departure Ln the
Islam world than the western mind
at first can grasp.” says a bulletin
from the Washington headquarters of
the National Geographic society.
“The easiest way to dispel some
of these illusions Is by pointing to
several striking likenesses between
the world’s two newest among the
major religions. The term 'Moham
medan,’ like the term ‘Christian,’ is a
nickname. Both names were given,
with contemptuous intent, by enemies
of the religions.
Both Religion* Nicknamed.
“The term ‘Christian’ was quickly
adopted by followers of the Nazarene.
The term ‘Mohammedan’ never has
been adopted by the followers of the
prophet. He sought to avoid the em
ployment of his own name by supply
ing one—the name of Islam—by which
he hoped Mohammedanism would be
known. He further sought to make
this word, meaning resignation, imply
the five cardinal points of the new
faith. The first of these points was
the brief creed, ‘There is no God but
Allah, and Mohammed Is his prophet?
The other four enjoined prayer, giv-
Ing of alms, the fast of Ramodan and
pilgrimage to Mecca.
“Another significant parallel be-
tween Christianity and Mohammedan
ism Is that both are the religions of
millions of people of races alien to
that of their founders. Christ was a
Jew; Mohammed was an Aram. It is
the Mohammedanism modified by the
Turkish temperament and nationality
that has clashed with Western civili
zation in recent centuries.
I*lam Not a Religious Unit.
“Most misleading of all the illusions
about Mohammedanism, however. Is
the tacit assumption that the Mo
hammedan world Is a religious unit.
Seen a long way off the sects and
groups fade away. In reality there
are two great branches of Mohamme
danism, the Sunnites and the Shiites.
Among both these branches, and also
outside them, there are sharply drawn
cleavages.
"Recent caliphs, who have been the
sultans of Turkey, have claimed spir
itual supremacy over the Mohamme
dan world of some 300,000,000 souls.
But In actual fact the sultan of Tur
key had little more spiritual ascen
dancy over the Mohammedans outside
Turkey than the king of England has
over the Episcopalians In the United
States. In fact there would be no
urgent Near East problem nt this
moment had his leadership been rec
ognlzed on the other side of the Bos-
porus In Asia Minor.
most pragmatic of all religions. Here
tofore if a caliph did not rule he
wasn't a caliph. A spiritual ruler up
to now has been Incomprehensible to
the Moslem mind. Naturally, then,
caliphs have sought to rule by the
sword.
“Ideas are potent factors in geog-
raphy. Not only does the Mohamme
dan conceive it difficult to pray Thy
Kingdom Come’ and then fight for a
different kind of kingdom, but. In
peace time, hi* religion and his law
go hand in hand. Mohammed was a
law giver, not only in the Mosaic but
also In the Justinian sense. There
are as many codes of law among Mo
hammedans as there are sects; and
as many kinds of lawyers as there are
codes. Among the Sunnites, the or
thodox major division of Islam, there
are four schools of law. A Hanafite
would as soon engage a Malaklte law
yer as a Presbyterian congregation
would be likely to employ a Unitarian
preacher.
“The very word ‘caliph’ has an al
lurement which dates back to child
hood days when yov lived among
those fantastic Arabian nights at the
court of Caliph Harun al Rashid.
Rashid was a bona fide caliph, and
In your later years a reading of the
historical facts about the caliphate
furnish no fewer thrills than the im
mortal tales.
The Early “Successor*.”
“When Mohammed died his coun
selor, Abu Bekr, the companion of
his flight, or hegira, became caliph.
meaning, literally, successor, Ahn
Bekr means ‘father of the virgin? He
was Mohammed's father-in-law. The
second caliph, or successor, was
Omar, another father-in-law of the
prophet, who started organizing
armies and began spreading Islam
over the map in a very literal sense.
Omar was the first to hear of the
title Emir al Moumenin, ‘Prince of
the FaithfuL ”
“From the first, AIL husband of
Mohammed's daughter, Fatima, con
sidered himself the logical successor
to the caliphate. Not until Abu Bekr
and Omar had ruled, and another
caliph, Othman, had his day and had
been murdered as was Omar before
him, did All become caliph.
“Certainly Mohammedanism can be
termed emphatically a 'man’s relig
ion? YeL at this early date, two wom
en were the moving spirits in split
ting it Into the Sunnite and Shiite di
visions which have prevailed ever
since. Ayesha, favorite wife of the
prophet, always had been Jealous of
his daughter, Fatima, and the succes
sion of Fatima's husband directed all
her efforts upon an anti-All party.
Meantime the group which, all along,
had regarded All as the legitimate
successor, gained strength during his
rule but were kept busy fighting to
hold the sway Omar had established.
“When All’s »on and successor,
Hassan, was murdered, probably by
the hand of his wife at the behest
1
of
Moawlyah, this Moawlyah assumed
the caliphate, removed Its seat to
Damascus, and began the i series of
rulers known as Ommiades. Hence-
forth the Shiites were alienated from
the Sunnites, or Orthodox Mohamme
dans, because of their reverence for
All and Hassan, and their belief that
the first of the Ommiades and his suc
cessors were usurpers and pretenders.
Arabian and Persian Mohammedans
Inclined toward the Shiite faction.
An Earlier Rebellion of Irak.
"Away back In the days of the suc
cessor to Moawlyah the Inhabitants
of Irak rebelled—the same Irak which
only last year launched out again on
Its national course after electing
Emir Felsal as king. Feisal is the
third son of the grand sheriff of
Mecca.
“It was during another series of
caliphates. that of the Abbasid mon
archs, that Harun al Rashid ruled.
And it was after bis reign that the
division of the caliphate among his
three sons made the caliphate into a
sort of commission form of govern
ment
One son was to hold sway
over Arabia and Syria; another in
Persia and Turkestan; and a third In
Asia Minor and the Black sea region.
“At another time, toward the end
of the Tenth century, Bagdad, Cairo
and Cordova, Spain, all were the
seats of separate ruling caliphs;
though this was no amiable division.
Each caliph declared the other a
heretic and held himself the lone head
of ail Islam.
“How Abul Abbas, first of the Ab
basid monarchs had every living male
of the Ommiades thrown into prison,
killed them all, and then gave a ban
quet on a great cloth thrown over
their bones Is but one example of the
fantastic cruelty of the centurles-
long struggle to be caliph.
“The story of the caliphate would
fill—has filled—volumes. The assump
tion of the title by the sultans of Tur
key is a modem and perhaps a minor
chapter in the struggle to be The
Successor’ and thus to hold sway over
this mighty force of Islam. Points
of special interest are that force
often has played a major part in as
sumption of the role, that there have
been several caliphs both by mutual
agreement and also by rivalry, and
that acquiring the title of caliph by
no means guarantees Its recognition
by the Moslem world.”
Valve Taken From Boy's Brain.
Buffalo.—Louis Strauss, twelve years
old, of Gowanda, Is recovering in the
Homeopathic hospital after having
had removed from his head the valve
of an automobile inner tube.
The valve of the tube penetrated
the boy’s scalp and skull while
he and some companions were play
ing. The valve cut a clean bole
through the bone beneath the temple
and buried a piece of bone, the size
of a dime, in the boy’s brain.
Langley, Plane Carrier, Completed
SW
Caliphs Hav* Always Ruled.
Depth Bomba Used to Destroy Liquor.
Announcement has Just been made of the awarding of the Vali medal for
heroism to ten'employees of the American Bell Telephone company. Among
those thus recognlxed Is Mrs. Josephine Pryor, chief operator of the Mountain
States Telephone company at Pueblo, Col., for the “courage, devotion to duty
and resourcefulness In time of danger" she displayed during the terrible flood
of June, 1921. Mrs. Pryor also receives $250.
Tacoma, Wash.—Federal prohibition
agents exploded dynamite depth
bombs In Puget sound, near here, to
foil an attempt to recover from the
water a quantity of liquor that had
been dumped overboard during the
pursuit of a liquor smuggler's boat
"A very Important difference be
tween the Western mind and the Mo
hammedan viewpoint has, hitherto,
precluded a spiritual ascendancy of
the latter which would cut across all
lines of temporal power and Include
even warring nations. The Moham
medan has no priests. Islam is the
With the'new airplane carrier, the U. 3. 3. Langley, completed, elaborate
experiments and demonstrations were conducted at Hampton Roads showing
how easily planes may take off and land on the deck of the Langley. The
photograph shows how an airplane or seaplane can be stowed away under the
deck of the carrier. Inset Is Capt. 3. H. R. Doyle, commander of the Langley.