Dayton tribune., August 11, 1922, Image 5

upkeep are to be highly commended.
These are the government's examples,
either self-supporting or Inexpensive,
to show the Indians whut Industry
will do.
In un Ice cream parlor one evening
this summer several women were
chatting, most of them apparently
from families of small but adequate
means. The topic of conversation‘was
Each Indian receives all the profits of
not iiow they could find their way In
whut Ids own enterprise produces, but tiiu woods, but how they were almost
the forest lands produce a community
lost when ever they visited Chicago.
fund. This usuully Is »mull, the lust
allotment from it having been >10 a
GEN. AGUILAR IN TEXAS
(lead a year.
Children Give Play.
After the inspection trip Mr. Vaux
and Mr. Allen attended a play given
by Indian school children.
Along with the courtesy of these
Menominee» goes a marked degree of
neatness and order about their farms.
Disorder and dogs are no more appar­
ent than In other communities, but
there are a few dogs with traditional
habits us night prowlers.
To ull outwurd upiieurunces the res­
ervation Indians lead about the same
lives ns other rural Americans. There
are un experimental farm, a govern­
ment logging Industry and houses that
for order und quiet, good taste and
Ten Prize Winning Sweaters and Their Makers
Indians Operate
Communal Farm
Menominee Tribe Making Suc­
cess of U. S. Government
Test in Wisconsin.
1HEIR WORD IS ALWAYS GOOD
To All Outward Appsaranco Raearva-
tion Indiana Laad About the
Same Lives aa Other Rural
Americano.
Menominee Indian Beaervatlon, Ke-
ahenu, Wie.—The Fish trull from Chi­
cago to northern Wisconsin, one of
the flrat automobile trullo blazed by
wealthy aportameu when the automo­
bile wno u luxury, rune through thio
reservation.
Thia summer a Menominee Indian,
bearing that un automobile camiwr be-
wide the trull had been caugi* 1» the
ruin with Inadequate shell or, removed
the tarpaulin from hla threHhlng ma­
chine and offered It to the camper. No
tips were involved; It was »Imply an
act of courtesy.
These uro the Menotnlnees of today,
whoso historical character waa de­
scribed in u Washington Indian service
report thus:
“A woods Indian, the Menominee
was a striking figure, generally six feet
and over In height, a giant In strength;
few In number compared with other
great tribes, their bravery ami fighting
qualities enabled them to hold their
own with surrounding tribes. Their
word once given could t>e relied upon."
The federal government Is working
out an experiment with these modern
NenotnlnedS by trying to develop them
through tiie tribal, that Is. the cpm-
munal, land holding system, now a rar­
ity in moat countries.
Among most
American Indian tribes communal land
holding has been abolished through
ucts of congress allotlng the lauds.
War Veterana tn Tribe.
The work among the Menomlnces Is
under the direction of Superintendent
Edgur A. Alien of Keshena. Tiie reser-
vution in northeastern Wisconsin cov­
ers an urea approximately 18 by 24
miles and has a population of about
1,800 Indians, whose communal hold­
ings total 231,000 acres, a (urge portion
of It in timber.
Huperintendenl Allen's days are full
of variety. One opened recently with
a request by un Indian for u carriage
harness.
"You do not need a carriage har-
ness," replied Mr. Allen. "You are op­
erating a farm and I am not going to
give you a requisition for something
to take you nway from It.”
"But I can’t farm without a har­
ness."
"You can have a harness; but you
cannot use a carriage harness for
plowing."
Later Mr. Allen led a Decoration day
purude.
The Menomlnees still have
nine living Civil war veterans and 29
volunteer veterans of the great war.
Later in the same week Mr. Allen
took George Vaux of Philadelphia, one
of tiie Indian commissioners, to inspect
the farm of a Menominee who has put
100 acres under cultivation, nnd has
more than a dozen men working for
him, Including a few whites. This
Menominee is the most successful
farmer on the reservation, the out­
standing example of what the govern­
ment is trying to do. For those who
would succeed the tribal system of
land holding is a potential discourage­
ment, because when the hinds are al­
loted there is no assurance that an
Indian will receive that which he has
developed, or even ns much. This
communal system furnished a fund to
help support those members of the
tribe who nre helpless, or no unskillful
as to be unable to support themselves.
These ten pretty girls, all high school students of Washington, D. C.. are shown wearing sweaters made by
themselves which won the prizes In a contest Just held. The first prize winner is seventh from the left, and the
second prize winner Is next in order; the third winner is on the extreme left
Charged Woman for
Hysterics in Office
After sitting calmly by while
his client, Mrs. Violet Bromberg,
went Into alleged hysterics. Wil­
liam V. Tyler, attorney, of Chi­
cago, thought he ought to charge
her something for the use of his
office for the outburst. Accord­
ingly, on Mrs. Bromberg's bill
appeared the items: "For calling
at office for one hour and one-
half, |10; for becoming hysteri­
cal. >10."
2 'rs. Bromberg took the bill to
Judge Gemmill. He character­
ized the charge as ‘‘scandalous"
and threatened to carry Tyler’s
tactics to the bar association,
The ‘‘hysteria charge" will re-
main unpaid.
Gen. Candido Aguilar prefers his
lOO-acre stock farm In Han Antonio to
the highest honors the Mexican gov­
ernment can bestow upon hhn. The
general started his career as a ragged
private at Vera Crus In 1914. Three
years later he was leading the Car­
ranza army, and In 1917 he married
his chiefs daughter. When the Mexi­
can government became settled he was
appointed foreign minister, and during
that period attended the peace confer­
ence. Then Carranza flopped, and hl»
men fled In all directions. Texas was
i General Aguilar's choice.
Counterfeiting
Is on Increase
Entry of Women Into Profession
of Making Spurious Money
Adds New Problem.
SECRET SERVICE IS WORRIED
Increase In Counterfeiting Began
Shortly After the Armistice and
Has Been Growing Noticeably
Since—More Opportunity.
University Man
Studies Tramps •---
Washington, D. C.—Counterfeiting
of money has Increased to hitherto un­
Becomes One of Them to Get
First-Hand Information About
Their Lives and Habits.
HAVE SLANG OF THEIR OWN
“Hobohemians” Dwelt at Ease on 40
Cents a Day In Chicago—Lead Mor.
ry Existence In “Jungles” In
Summer and Cities in Winter-
Chicago.—Men are living on West
Madison street on 40 and 50cents a day,
according to Nels Anderson, sho Is
making a study of homeless und mi­
gratory men under the direction of
Professor Ernest W. Burgess, of the
University of Chicago, for the United
Charities and the Juvenile Protective
society.
Mr. Anderson became a wanderer
himself as a boy, be explained, but
happened to find work on a ranch,
where the family took on an interest
In him. At the age of twenty-one he
entered the high school. Eventually
he was confronted by the problem of
selecting a topic for hla doctor's thesis,
nnd finding, according to his statement,
that no study hail been made previous­
ly of the hobo, he began to write on
that subject on the basis of his early
experience. After he had written 250
pages he felt a desire to strengthen
his preparation for the task by re­
Postal Bank Patrons Finger-Printed
newed Investigations. Accordingly he
has been mingling with tramps as one
of them at their "Jungles" or summer
camps, on the road. In the city streets,
and In Jail.
Slang of Their Own.
“The average student who hasn't
been on the road himself,” said Mr.
Anderson, "is apt to And himself un­
able to approach a tramp and get his
true story. Not only are tramps full of
suspicion and prejudices, and likely
either to exaggerate or to keep still
If they suspect their questioner, but
they have a slang of : >elr own.
"For example, a man who works
with a shovel is known in the fra­
ternity of 'working stiffs’ as a ‘muck­
er’ ; the man who drives a team is a
'skinner*; one w ho tramps ties on the
railroad Is a ‘gandy-dancer.’
“In the winter the tramps flock to
the big cities. They manage In some
cases to make $50 last a long while,
for they know where they can get
three doughnuts and a cup of coffee
for 5 cents and lodging for 19 cents. If
in the morning they will sweep off tiie
floor they slept on. You will find 390
men on the floor of one of the popular
Chicago 'flop houses' In the winter,
though in the summer the same place
will be nearly empty.
“Where are the men in the summer?
Many, of course, are engaged In sea­
sonal occupations. The idle ones are
often gathered nt the 'jungles,* which
is an institution in Hobohetnla like
the fashionable club In another stra­
tum of society. The men select for
their camps a shady place, near
enough to town for an occasional
handout and far enough from town
to seem secure from the 'bulls’ or
constables. They build shacks of
wood or rootlng-tln or whatever ma­
terial they find handy; I have seen
very good shacks built of ripped-up
oil cans.
Tabulates 402 Cases.
"Lost summer I tramped through
Idaho, Nevada, Utah nnd Wyoming,
covering 300 miles. I talked to some
2,009 wanderers, nnd tabulated 402
cases. I had slashed my vest to carry
my Index cards; only one man noticed
the slashes and the slight bulges; he
asked me if I was an organizer for
the 'Wobblles.' I said no, and that was
all."
No man ever sinks too low "to re­
tain some sp^rk of self-respect,” ac­
cording to Mr. Anderson.
"Many take to the road or the city
streets because they are physically
incapacitated nnd therefore dependent,
nnd they feel that they are unwelcome
Incumbrances upon their families.
"Many nre the dodges employed to
get means of subsistence. One man
addresses a street corner crowd thus,
'I am different from the rest of
youse stiffs. I want to get enough
for a flop tonight; I want to eat today,
tomorrow, and the day after. I'll talk
to you on nny subject you choose.’
Then he makes his speech and hands
round the hnt. Anybody enn get up a
crowd on West Madison street, for
there are always idle men who are
glad to listen."
To protect the depositors in Undo Sam's postal savings hanks, an order
has been Issued by the department that all depositors be finger-printed ns a
means of identification in the event postal savings certificates nre lost. Now
when the holder of a certificate presents It for payment, the Unger print Is com-
nared with the one on record and If they agree, the possessor of the certificate
It’s a pity a man can't put a piaster
receives the money on deposit. The photograph shows the system placed in ef­
on tils conscience when it hurts him.
fect in the New York post offices.
precedented proportions in the United
States and is causing much concern
to the secret service of the treasury,
the federal agency charged with sup­
pression of this species of crime. Of
particular Interest Is the fact that for
the first time In history, women have
entered the counterfeiting profession,
presenting new problems for the gov­
ernment experts.
The Increase In counterfeiting began
shortly after the armistice and has
been growing noticeably since. It is
regarded as a part of the phenomena
of crime which every great war brings
In its wake.
War Draft Thinned Ranks.
A curious effect of the war while It
was being waged w-as that It resulted
In almost complete suspension of
money counterfeiting In the United
States. There were two good reasons
for this. First, native-born Ameri­
cans are seldom found In the profes­
sion. *It is a department of crime in
which foreigners, and especially south­
ern Europeans, engage. Under the re­
servist system of military service
which obtains in nearly all European
countries, these foreigners, living and
counterfeiting in the United States,
were called to their home colors and
thereby forced to abandon their pro­
fession here. In the second place, the
war upset the channels of distribution
of counterfeit money, nnd turned the
thoughts of all men, including counter­
feiters, to other things.
But after the war the profession
came back stronger than ever with
many recruits. Four million Ameri­
cans were under arms.
They were
taken to the war from their accus­
tomed vocations and pursuits and put
Into a life which, despite its manifold
hardships and dangers, was a life
lacking in responsibility. No one in
the army had to worry about earning
money for his next meal. It came
from the government, as much a mat­
ter of course as the sunrise.
Also, the very Idea of an army Is
the destruction of property and life.
To be sure, it is the enemy's prop­
erty which is to be destroyed, but
among many youthful and irresponsi­
ble persons the fundamental idea of
contempt for property rights persists
and makes few bounds for Itself. It
was natural that among soldiers who
for a year or two had followed this ir­
responsible existence there would be
seme who lacked the force of char­
acter to return to the drudgery ot
hard work. They wanted easy money,
so counterfeiting as well as other de­
partments of crime received fresh re­
cruits.
More Money to Counterfeit
Another strong reason for an In­
crease In counterfeiting resulting from
the war was that there was an In­
crease In the number of kinds of
money nnd securities to counterfeit.
When there are only a few kinds of
money In general use, the people be­
come so familiar with their appear­
ance that they quite lendily detect any
fault in design or general appearance.
But when there are many new and
unfamiliar kinds, the people are at a
loss to know whether they have gen­
uine money.
Twelve federal reserve banks were
established nt the time the war began,
nnd all Issued currency of two kinds:
federal reserve notes and federal re­
serve bank notes. Also, the treasury
Issued billions of dollars in Liberty
bonds. Victory notes, war savings cer­
tificates, thrift stamps and treasury
certificates of Indebtedness. These
were all new to the people and of un­
familiar design They constituted a
paradise for counterfeiters.
Reprint on U. S. Paper.
One of the most difficult obstacles
for the counterfeiter Is the distinctive
paper on which government notes are
printed. It is made by a secret process
and has so Individual an appearance
and feeling that almost every one can
detect a substitute. All denominations
of American money are printed on
notes of a uniform size. Therefore a
favorite device of the counterfeiter
is to take a $1 bill and raise its
denomination. lie will bleach It
and have a piece of nearly white dis­
tinctive currency paper on which he
will print a note of a higher denom­
ination. Such notes are hard to de­
tect, especially if the counterfeiter
prints a $59 or $190 note of a new and
unfamiliar series.
Another scheme Is to take a note
and change only the figures. This
proves a snare to the counterfeiter if
he gives such a note to a man famil­
iar with the designs of money. Such
a man knows that a $29 note has a
buffalo on Its design, but no $50 or
$100 issue has. This sort of counter­
feiting has Increased with the new
money because the counterfeiters know
that few people are familiar with the
designs of the various new issues.
The same Is true of the Liberty bond
issues. No two Issues are alike, and
a counterfeiter changing the denomina­
tion of a $100 bond to $1,000 could
readily be detected by one who has
studied bond - designs.
Experts in Secret Service.
The secret service at Washington
has many experts who are very hard
to fool with even the cleverest coun­
terfeit, and while counterfeiting has
Increased to a great extent, the circu­
lation of counterfeit money has not
done so. The new counterfeit issues
are detected very early In their ca­
reers nnd the source discovered and
stopped. It means more work and
constant vigilance for the government
agents and greatly Increased investi­
gative work.
The apprilrance of women In the
counterfeiting profession has caused
the secret service many difficulties.
The women are not engaged in the
actual manufacture of counterfeits,
but are confederates in the passing of
the spurious currency.
Counterfeiters seldom work alone
in spite of the fact the records show
that only the counterfeiter who plays
a lone hand meets with success for
any extended period. But It Is hard
to practice the profession singly. The
great difficulty is in getting the coun­
terfeit money Into circulation. To ac­
complish this the master counterfeiter
has accomplices. The general prac-
NOVELTY FOR BATHERS
A book, a cigarette and the cooling
waters about your feet—what more
conld be desired on n hot day? These
are the comforts offered by the new
surf chair »nd being Indulged in. in
the picture, by Miss Muriel Quacken­
bush nt the Tidal Basin bathing beach,
Washington.
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Los Angeles.—The human race
is destined to lose the power of
walking if the present tendency
continues to its ultimate con-
elusion, according to Dr. R.
Kendrick Smith, who read a pa.
per here on Friday at the na-
tlonal Osteopathic convention.
Trolley cars began the retro-
gade process, he declared, and
automobiles, elevators and in-
numerable other contrivances
conspire to keep human beings
off their feet. As a result, he
said, we are becoming a race of
weaklings from the hips down.
Back to the woods in bare
feet, with plenty
of running,
would make over the race. Dr.
Smith said.
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tice is for the counterfeiter to sell his
spurious money at a substantial dis­
count. He will sell a $100 counter­
feit bill to a passer for $50 of gen­
uine money and of course no one Is
more expert In detecting spurious
money than a counterfeiter. The
passer then may make another sale,
getting perhaps $75 in real money for
his $100 counterfeit.
Great care is taken not to let many
of them get into circulation at the
same place.
Women Plead Ignorance.
It Is In this passing branch of the
profession that women are being em­
ployed. They make valuable confeder­
ates because when detected they fre­
quently escape arrest by claiming to
know little about handling money and
therefore are easily Imposed upon.
A curious psychological mystery
about the whole profession of counter­
feiting Is that a really good counter­
feiter requires skill of such a high or­
der that he could earn a better living
by honest employment of his talents
than by the manufacture of spurious
currency. Counterfeiting is a long,
tedious process, beset with hard work
and difficulties and it is rarely Indeed
that a counterfeiter makes as much
money before he is apprehended as
he could from regular honest employ­
ment as an engraver.—Frederic J.
Haskin in Chicago Daily News.
BEAUTIFY CITY OF BELGRADE
Serbs Rush Work to Mako Capital
Worthy of New Nation—Many
New Buildings.
Belgrade Jugo-Slavia.—To make
this capital a worthy setting to the
magnificent territorial patrimony to
which they have fallen heir the Serbs
are working swiftly. They are cutting
new streets, paving them with asphalt
instead of cobblestones and erecting
new dwellings and public buildings. A
prize of $75,099 was awarded recently
for a new city plan. Fourteen hundred
new buildings went up In 1921 and
4,000 are going up this year. A new
hotel has Just been completed opposite
the station. It was begun before thq
war and used for barracks. But Its
walls have been replastered and the
building was completed and opened
two days before the wedding of King
Alexander.
The city is still overpopulated. Res­
idence has been refused to 40,000 per­
sons. Prices in the city are very high,
and should the local money improve
in value Belgrade will rival Constanti­
nople as a city of huge expense for
living.
House rents are prohibitive
for the native, and for the foreigner
they range upward of $100 monthly.
Farm land within 30 miles of Bel­
grade sells from $100 to $300 an acre,
a big price when converted Into the
dinar currency of the country. Hotel
Moscow, within the city, recently sold
for 14.000.01M) dinars, or upward of
$200,000, a price that astonished
strangers.
The best buildings within the city at
the present time are the two palaces
of the king, located centrally and ad­
joining. A parliament building is par­
tially constructed.
Other offices for
public uses nre planned. Soin« por­
tion of the new American loan will
be used for projected public buildings.