How It Looks
Now in France
tnlle<l girl« mid black-smocked boys
dcclnlndng the fuct that the Amazon
I m n river In I’Amerique dll Hud or that
Ceylon la an Island where the leu
cornea from.
School In a Barracka.
Laboring with them patiently, hie
brow furrowed by Ida aenao of the
time that haa been lost, you ace a
Th« Soldier Who Go«« Beck to HI« fatherly young Frenchman. Perhaps
he win a corporal at Verdun when the
Dugout in th* Wood« 1« Likely to
urmlatlce
wua signed.
Find That Only the Raine
A n the American in France we« all
Have Reehaped It.
There Is Not Much Change Ex
cept in the Spaces Between
the Villages.
SHOWS HAVOC UNDISTURBED
New York.—To any American com
ing buck from Franco thsee days, the
first greeting from u quondam mem
ber of the A. E. F. 1« always thia:
"Well, how's it look over there?
Changed much?"
To which, after some futile short
lived notion of describing the great
mutilated stretch of France, with Its
million discouragement« and Its thou
sand and one evidence« ut renewing
life, the returning wanderer must
needs answer;
"No, not much."
For Hie Impression that the old bat
tlefield« make Is of havoc undisturbed,
purubal« uncured, Alexander Wooll-
cott writes In the ¿forth American
lieview. The soldier who goes back
to id« old dugout In the woods near
Grand Pre Is likely to find that only
the steady ruin« have resiutped It, that
the old helmet the shell hit blew from
his head still Iles where It fell two
years ago and more. The villages of
the Meuse, the Ourcq, Hie VeMe and
the Aisne look much as they did when
the American troops trudged out of
them for the last time. It 1» true Hint
the rubble Is gone from the streets,
nnd the litter of stone Ims been re
duced to neat plies of assorted pieces.
Here nnd there a rough new cottage
has been fashioned from Hie materials
of Its demolished predeceswor. At In
tervals there are unfamiliar shacks
and barracks. But on the whole, Mont-
faucon and Ferv-en-Tardenois nnd Ju
vigny—they all look much as they did
when the Yanks started home. Vaux
that little Marne village which the ar
tillery behind the ninth Infantry blew
to bits In Hie excitement of June. 1018
—Vaux has only one new: building. It
Is not much of a building nt that— Just
n shack of wood and tarpaper. And
It Is not a dwelling al all. It Is a
buvette.
Whir« Improvements Are Seen.
It is In the spaces between the vil
lages that the change Is so remark
able. You sec It even in tiie rolling
land of Hie Argonne und the blasted
countryside of the Chemin-des-Dameu.
For almost everywhere some tilling
ha» been done.
Visitors to the American graves near
Juvigny In the spring of 19111 marveled
to find that the old quarries along
the ravine on the side of the town,
which had once served as divisional
headquarters, message centers and
dugouts In time of battle, were then
serving as homes for the llrst six of
the returning families, so that children
were playing with Hie useless gas
masks out In front while Spartan
perce-nelges bloomed at cave en
trances and the week's wash Hupped
in the wind.
Now another winter nnd another
summer have gone by. The fields near
by have been largely cleared of their
wire and shells and have yielded some
food and a little income to Juvigny.
Perhaps 200 people are buck in the
town.
It Is because of this scantiness of
reconstruction as far us home build
ing goes that, ns .you walk along a
ruined street, Juvigny seem« a de
serted city. But It Is hardly that ami
you realize as much with something
of a thrill when in a clearing amid
the rubble, you come upon a burrack
ami catch through the windows the
unmistakable drone of childish voices.
It Is a school and a glance through
the window shows row on row of pig-
the prepowterous havoc auu o>>n... « .o
In force, he find* himself thinking of
pleuxant suburbs back In America,
comfortable, well fed America, of tidy
lawn* ami children romping off to
school, of country clubs end- poker
gainea and silk «tocking« ami squrn-
dered wealth. And of people who any:
"Oh, forget about the war." And he
begin« to feel a certain tingling re
sentment at America.
But then the train wheeze« Into
1‘nrl« and Ilia taxi whirl» him away to
boulevarda all gay with bustling peo-
pie and restaurant« with groaning ta-
idea and such food ami drink an only
the Old World knows. He sees luxury
ami ease and extravagance on every
aide and he realizes then that nil the
selfishne«« and forgetfulness In the
world 1« not American.
Uncle Sam’s Oil Refinery at Arlington
SHELLED BY ACCIDENT
Sobs as He Tells of
Son Taking Fortune
Montreal, Que.—A tragic story
of. a father's misplaced confi
dence which enabled tils non to
wreck the family fortune during
hl« absence abroad was bared on
the witness stand before Justice
Mclennan in Superior court by
C. H. Caban, K. C., one of
Canada's most distinguished
lawyers.
'Hie witness burst Into tears
when he told liow be had con
ferred power of attorney on bls
son, C. H. Cuban, Jr., trusting
him absolutely to carry on his
affairs while on a European trip,
and returning home only to dis
cover that he had been betrayed;
that his son had absconded and
the family fortune bad been
wiped out.
The remarkable case was re
vealed through a suit brought by
the Corporation Agencies, Limit
ed, against the Home Bank of
Canada to recover $200,028, Hie
alleged defalcations of the son.
The legal issue rests on whether
the bank can be held to make
good the amount.
The government operates a complete refinery at the experiment farm of the United States Department of Ag
riculture. Arlington. The equipment was designed by the bureau of public roads for studying methods of treatnent
and chnracterlHtlcs of crude petroleum used In building and maintaining highways. The oil« from the wells 13
California, Texas and Mexico, are analyzed with the view of determining their relative road-building values.
Strange Malady
Sweeping Haiti
Doctors Unable to Discover the
Source of Most Baffling and
Fatal of Diseases.
During the spectacular tire on an
ammunition barge at Fort Hamilton,
a 10-lnch shell crashed through the
wall of a house a mile away and Ailment That Kills 20,000 Natives
plunged down to the cellar. Fortu
Every Year Starts in the Feet
nately the family were all out watch
and Spread« Upward, th«
ing the Ore.
Body Becoming Swollen.
WHITE POPULATION IMMUNE
Use of Forests Is
Increasing in U. S.
National Reserves Becoming Rec
reation Grounds for Campers
and Summer Residents.
MANY HOMES BEING BUILT
Income Promisee to Be Important
Source of Revenue to th« United
State«—Specially Trained Men
Needed In Service.
Washington.—That the use of the
national forests for recreational pur
poses Is Increasing rapidly and blds
fair to rank third among the major
services performed by the national
forests, with only timber production
nnd stream flow regulation taking pre
cedence over It, la the statement mnde
by Col. W. B. Greeley, head of the for-
est service, in Ids annual report. Many
Summer homes are being erected In
the national forests by private Indi
viduals, and the use of forests for
other forms of out-of-door recreation
was greater during the past year than
ever before.
The summer home business promises
to become nn Important source of rev
enue, Col. Greeley points out. On the
Angeles forest in southern California,
for example, a total of 1,320 permits
for summer residences nnd commercial
resorts were, he says. In effect at the
close of the past fiscal year. The
revenue from this one Item amounted
to approximately $22,000. It Is be
lieved Hint within a few years the rev
enues obtained from the various rec-
America Decorates French Heroes
American ambassador Hugh Campbell Wallace, in the name of the
United States government, presenting distinguished services nnd nnvy crosses
to about one hundred officers of the French army and navy. The presenta
tion was made in the gardens of the American embassy in Paris.
reational settlements within the An
geles forest will pay the entire cost
of protection and administration.
Many western communities are rec
ognizing the recreational resources of
nearby national forests as one of their
greatest assets nnd privileges, Col.
Greeley says, and are establishing com
munity camps under more or less for
mal organization.
No Charge to Public.
The picnic camps are improved hy
the construction of fireplaces, rustic
tables and seats, nnd nre made avail
able to the public without nny charge.
The vacation camps under municipal
direction chnrge merely the expense
of feeding and caring for the succes
sive groups of city people who enjoy
their privileges.
The growth of the recreational re
sources of the national forests is so
rapid that jipecially trained men nre
needed to direct and plan for the most
effective development of this service,
Col. Greeley says.
The protection of wild life nnd the
recognition of the nntlonnl forests ns
nnturnl breeding grounds of fish nnd
game is closely related to the develop
ment of the recreational resources. To
mnke more effective the work of game
protection, in co-operation with the
state and local authorities, nnd to se
cure better development of the fish
nnd game resources of the national
forests, fol. Greeley believes that con
gress should mnke provision for the
establishment of game sanctuaries
within which wild life may find se
curity. These sanctuaries, he says,
should be relatively limited In nren,
but should be established In consider
able number.
Elks Suffer Hardships.
Special attention is called by Col.
Greeley to the necessity of additional
protection for the harassed and deci
mated herds of elk using the Yellow
stone Nntlonnl pnrk nnd the surround
ing forests. Famine nnd cold last
winter took nn unusually heavy toll
from their number. Driven out of the '
high country by starvation and early
snows, the northern herd suffered
from hunters nlong the boundary line
n percentage loss equal to that of a
defeated army.
Many tbnt escaped the hunters per
ished from cold and starvation before
spring. The southern herd also lost
heavily. As n result, the total number
of animnls In these two herds Is now
estimateli by the best qualified officers
In the forest service to eqnnl half of
their number five years ngo.
The nddition to the Absaroka nnd
Gallatin forests of the lands still in
government ownership nnd under with
drawal nlong the Yellowstone river
nortli of Gardiner Is urged by the
chief forester. This land, he states. Is
urgently needed hs winter range for
the elk, nnd Its nddition to the nation-
nl forests will materially relieve the
situation without working nn Injus
tice to the local inhnbltnnts whose
live stock use the range. If this no
tion is not taken the outlook for the
northern elk herd Is gloomy. The
prospects for the southern herd nre
more bright, but ndditionnl purchase
of land for summer feeding grounds
appear^ absolutely essential.
|
| Man Keeps Green
Prospective Grave
t
New Carlisle, Pa.—There’s a
• newly-made grave In New Car-
• lisle cemetery.
-----------
«--------------------------
|
No mourners with bowed
I heads stood by when it was
then, without warning, fall in a faint
| made. No minister said “earth
and gradually expire.
Though the grouping of Haitian ne ♦ to, earth and dust to dust.” No
groes In prisons called Doctor Mann's I flowers bedecked the casket.
But the man who will rest in
attention to the disease, he is reason ’
ably certain that it is not due to con I the grave some day carefully
finement, as in some prisons the mal | heaped up the little mound and
ady Is entirely absent. Before the ad I as carefully placed the little
vent of Americans In Haiti the pris ? squares of sod in place. The
ons were quagmires where prisoners * grave is empty—waiting until
were thrown to subsist on food smug | death lays its hand on the man
gled in by relatives or starve. Today, ♦ who prepared it.
t
J. Herwert Day, 50 years old,
under American supervision, the pris
f
well
known citizen and music
ons are models of cleanliness, but sani
tation has not served to eradicate the । teacher, being the last member
mysterious disease. Infection almost I of his family, ordered the care-
has been eliminated by research as 1 taker to prepare the grave, con
struct the stone vault for recelv-
the cause. Imprisonment possibly
aids the malady, but It Is not entirely ♦ ing the casket, place the broad
responsible, as numerous natives who i stone over it and refill the grave,
never saw a prison succumb.
Re f This was done, after which Day
search brought the possible cause to I himself heaped up “the little
the question of faulty diet, especially ? mound of clay,” and placed Hie
fn prisons. On this question Doctor 4 sod upon it
Mann was noncommittal. As he ex
pressed it: “The evidence accumulated
up to the present date regarding diet
as a factor Is conflicting and uncon ordinary Haitian diet. Experiments
vincing. Diet may or may not be at to date have given no conclusive an
fault, and I am not prepared to ex swer.
The Institutional incidence of the
press a definite opinion on this sub
Haitian disease or its tendency to ap
ject"
pear In epidemic form and to affect
Many Leads Developed.
certain institutions, suggested the na
Dr. Mann's researches have devel ture of an infective agent. At one
oped many leads, but when one theory time the bedbug was under suspicion.
seems to have given the greatest en Numerous blood cultures and cultures
couragement it is destroyed.
from autopsical finds, animal inocula
Symptoms of the disease would seem tion and the like, have produced only
to bring it nearer to beri-beri than any either negative or inconsistent results,
other, and for the want of a better says the medical chief of the gendar
name Doctor Mann has called it merie.
psuedo beri-beri.
Malady Decrease*.
On the theory that prison diet brings
On
one
occasion five hospital corps
about a greater manifestation during
incarceration of Haitians than else men from the gendarmerie (natives)
where, the gendarmerie doctors, under volunteered to be bitten by bedbugs
the direction of Doctor Mann, have which had been fed on patients with
conducted extensive dietary experi the disease. One of these volunteers
ments, The reports show that diet developed dropsy six weeks later, but
variation lias produced no marked ben this dropsy was attributed to other
eficial results either as a curative causes, and the experiment was re
or preventive. This has destroyed a garded as negative.
The prevalence of the malady has
theory that war edema, prevalent fn
prison camps, due to faulty nourish shown a progressive decrease during
ment, has a relation to psuedo beri the last three months, but whether
this is due to measures taken by Doc
beri.
As rice, the cause of true beri-beri, tor Munn and his staff can be deter
is not used to any degree in the prison mined only after further study and
food here, the American doctors have careful Investigation. The American
endeavored to find a similar lack of naval surgeon explained that he is
vitamins in cornmeal, a base of the careful not to accept false encourage
ments because of the tendency of the
disease to subside altogether in cer
CHIMES FOR WASHINGTON tain institutions and then suddenly
crop out anew with more serious re
sults than ever.
Col. Frederick M. Wise, United
States marine corps, commanding the
Gendarmerie d'Haiti, and Col. Johe
Russell, commanding the First Marine
brigade in Haiti, have shown great In
terest in Doctor Mann’s fight to locate
the cause and combat Haiti’s disease.
They have given all possible assist
ance and placed the entire line of re
search unhampered under his direc
tion.
The beneficent and altruistic labor
of Doctor Mann and his medical
staff Is one of many compensating fac
tors in what appears to be a muddled
situation in Haiti today. Theirs is a
work for humanity in the strictest
sense.
Undoubtedly the United States pub
lic health service and the Rocke
feller Institute would take a certain
interest in the strange disease. Doc
tor Mann hopes, however, with the co
operation of such Institutions and with
the utilization of such additional facil
ities, that the results of sustained ef
forts will serve to eradicate a scourge
that kills such an appalling number of
Haitians every year.
So far as known, Haiti’s mysterious
disease never, has affected a white
man,
Port-au-Prince, Haiti.—The Ameri
can occupation of Haiti has served to
direct medical research into one of the
most battling and perhaps fatal mala
dies known to modern medicine.
Haiti Is a land of 2,000,000 people.
The most conservative estimate, based
on 12 months of historical research
into Haiti’s mysterious disease, is
that a million Haitians have suc
cumbed to the malady in the last 50
years. Here where native productiv
ity is truly synonymous with extrava
gant tropical verdure, a death rate of
20,000 a year, or nearly 1,700 a month,
has not served to worry the nationals.
For the last five years American
medical officers have noticed that
lower caste Haitians, sent to prison,
develop an alarming condition there
and die at a rate of from 50 to 90 per
cent of those affected.
Only during the last 12 months have
the causes and effects of these alarm
ing deatiis been studied and recog
nized as a separate disease. The dis
covery was made a year ago by Dr. W.
L. Mann, surgeon of the United States
navy, a native of Austin, Tex., whose
naval rank is that of lieutenant com
mander, supervising the entire medi
cal department of the American-con
trolled Gendarmerie d’Haiti.
Dr. Mann is a graduate of Harvard
medical school, holder of several col
lege degrees and has spent the major
part of his time in tropical and sub
tropical countries. His writings on
preventive medicine and tropical dis
ease and long experience equipped him
to point out this mysterious disease
soon after his arrival in Haiti.
Cause Undetermined.
Aided by the medical officers of
the gendarmerie in an intensive re
search, Dr. Mann told the New York’
Tribune correspondent here that
nothing has developed which may defi
nitely determine the cause of the dis
ease, which if ascertained and meas
ures taken to combat would result in
the saving of possibly more than 20,-
000 lives annually.
The disease has three manifesta
tions. One of the most noi«.ole symp
toms is swelling of certain parts of
the body. The tlesh becomes water
logged or “dropsical.” It usually be
gins in the feet nnd spreads upward.
Another form is the dry or emaci
ated type. The patient shows marked
emaciation and dwindles almost to
skin nnd bones. Often dropsical
chnnges to dry nnd vice versa. It Is 1
not unusual to see a patient almost
n living skeleton, then develop n wet
condition, nnd with the retention of
fluid In the body gain 20 or 30 pounds
In n few days and become so swollen ,
up that recognition of his features is
difficult.
One of the mysteries of the disease
is that women seldom, if ever, con
tract It. One medical officer In Hnlti
1ms observed more than 1,000 cases
without finding a single case ninong
females. At one time during Doctor
Mann's investigations women were
supposed to be entirely Immune.
Finally three cases among women de
veloped at the same dwelling place.
This combination of circumstances
suggested a disease of an Infectious
nature.
Disease Appear« Suddenly.
installing bells In the tower of St.
A third manifestation of the malady Mary's church. Washington, as a me
is that which suggests plague. From morial to Rev. George Glatt The
5 to 25 per cent of the fatalities bells are connected with a large West
take place in persons who do not minster clock so as to sound the hour
complain of any symptoms. A per In chimes. They vary from two to
son will appear in perfect health; five feet in size.
Making World Safe for Democracy.
Cincinnati.—Determined that the
word “Mr.” shall have no place in or
among gatherings of Rotarian*, Bob
Chapman, president, 1* fining mem
bers for using It, the line« going to
charity.