lì; HOP 8ITUATION. THE PAN-AMERICAN VICTIM OF LIVE WIR*. J. Old Crop Bold and New Crop Being Arrangements Nearly Completed — Ora Fireman Killed, Three Othara Contracted in Yakima Valley. Will Open May 1. I n t e n d »■> •«■cond-clree m a tte r at th e peel- NORTH YAKIMA, Wash.. March Badly Hurt. efflce a t D a * te n , Oregon. BUFFALO, N. Y.. March 1«.—It h u 20_The hop crop of 1900 has been been decided to open the Pan-Ameri­ PITT8BURO, Ta., March 19. -Dur- sold, and contracts are being made OREGON. DAYTON can exposition May 1. At that time Vigorous Protest to the Vent- From All Parts ln« the 8 flre « the R . Boston Newspaper ’ £ Ä ' President McKinley and hie cabinet item» o r, ! Interest ... corner of Duquesne Way and Fort 1 l,c Ing are expected to be on their way to zuelan Government of the State. here cle street, one man loat bla life and three the Pacific coast, it la proposed to Bobini.- • are - last « of year. ----- sthers were badly mirt. The property connect tthè president's train by tele­ . bales of the crop of 1900 on hand. graph with tbe temple of music. Di­ losa will be fully 250,000, well insured. Tlie last sales ranged about 14 cents, rect telegraphic communication will COMMERCIAL ANO FINANCIAL HAPPENINGS Tbe fire broke out in tbe boiler room THE PROOFREADERS ARE THE VICTIMS although some have been made at HAS BEEN LODGED BY MINISTER LOOMIS . also be established with tbe executive at tbe Hiram W. French Company’s i 18 cents a pound. The indications offices of the presidents of all the re- • t are favorable for a good crop this hair felt factory, Just opposite the ' publics of the Western hemisphere 4 Brief Review of the Growth and Impro An Interesting Celkction oi Meme Fran the main exposition building. Through Upper Moor, of the Adverts Offke Burned y* ^ ' puA/ “ he8hy^ ’ “¡^Imat* s ^ l ' ^ American Minister Informs South Amcrius and the governor general of Canada, (nents of the Many Industries Through- Government That Interference Math Two Hembphcrei Present'-d In a At precisely 2 o’clock, Buffalo time, some confusion. no alarm was turned Out—Most of the Employes Escaped the Yakima acreage at 2,400, yielding I, in for some time, and It was fully 20 they will all be requested to touch out Our Thriving Commonwealth. Our Officials Must Cease. Condemcd Form an average of 1,600 pounds. <0 an Adjoining Roof. ' electric buttons In their offices, which ------- minutes aftet' the fird’was discovered One of the most important items ’ will start plec-eB of machinery at the Ashland—Construction of the, Ash- , before the engines reached the scene, WASHINGTON, March 20 yrhe __ _ _ for the consideration of hop men Is Fire at St. Louis caused $100,060 ! exposition. At the same time it Is BOSTON, March 18.—Three lives Introduction- of the Bohemian state department, through .Mjhlster ' From the felt factory the flames damage. expected that' each will transmit a land freight depot has begun. Pendleton—Young men of Pendle- 1 lumped across the street, and In a sacrificed, nearly a doseu men more methods of curing in the Yakima val- Loomis, lecently lodged a most vlg-' Natives of Marinduque want elvll message of greeting, __ _ a cornet ____ - very - - , ___ government. 1 President McKinley, from his spe- ton ___________ have organized band. short time the exposition ........ bufld- or *e88 Injured, and many thousands ley. Senator A. Heinrich, o£ .the Se- orots protest to the Venezuelan-gov- erni.ient against further interference La Ck.nd^-A™iarge’ fr7u Tannery 1 in g 'w iZ b ^ 'ln i «srceTy. Au7he“ flro “J dollars of damage were'the results , ’ clal car. surrounded by his cabinet. with Mr. Balz, the U nited...¿tales Orders were issued for dispatching wm then start the great fountain will be established at La Grande. men coutd do was to prevent the.• of a Hr<* in the Daily Advertiser and Ugt 8eaBOn and demonstrated that an consular agent at Barcelona. Vene­ regulars to Manila. pumpa and will transmit over tbe John Day—The Sheep Gulch mine, flames spreading. After hard work. Kecord’s seven-story, gray front build- exact imitation of the celebrated zuela. It knows nothing of the last _ Morocco will be compelled to pay i Wires a message of greeting, Newspaper Row tonight. Bohemian hops could be made ttrf (reported Infringement of his liberty, tbe American claims. May 14 it Is proposed to hold im- near John Day, has resumed opera- this waa accomplished, and machinery lnK hall, with its valuable contents, saved.' HoW the flre started Is no* known, Yakima. The hops were cured with- 1 but It Is presumed that the affair Is N a tlv es o f T utulla aak th at T illa r Posing dedicatory ceremonies when 11 tions. rem ain !ho?r « v i . í » , * “ ‘ T1,Iey < Is expected that Vice-President Roose- 8alem—The O. R. £ N. Co., whose The main building was a comulete but it was first seen In the pressroom, out artificial heat or sulphur, and connected directly with the troubles B veit, Governor Odell ancj a large num- dockB were washed away, contem­ wreck It spread to the elevator well, and * er« “»ed *n mak*n* a choice blend whl(.h |ed to the first protest. |g. ™ ... between June 9 and 12. will be celved for Eugene school bonds, which The Yakima crop for 1901 Is placed will expect in protecting him.'¡is It factory fire at St. Joseph, Mo. designated President’s day, when the district will sell to the amount of Banker lost 1,000,000 feet of lumber, floors were aware that the building President McKinley and his party, on and Henry Henk 350,000 reel of valu­ wa^Non flre their rboms were filled at from 18,000 to 20,000 hales of 200 Is determined to do. He was born in1 pouqds each. Contracts are being St. Thomas and is a native Danish Fighting occurred between students the return from the coast, will ba $25,000. able hardwood. - Three small dwell- w*th tlajnes and smoke. . made at 11 cents lor all that can he citizen, so far as Is known here, but, and CoBsacks at St. Petersburg. Summerville—It Is reported that ings near the lumber yards w4re de- present. tbe editorial rooms on the sixth . , produced. None but small growers, having an exequatur issued by the the complete outfit of new machinery Fourle's commando escaped from stroyed, but, so far as known, all the floor there were but five men. All j)Owever are sellinff at any price, Vonezuelun government recognizing for the creamery at Summerville has Taft Commission's Plan. the British net near Bloemfontein. inmates escaped. bad to run for their lives. On the n o new yards are to he planted this him as a United States consular agent, ----- beep ordered. - New York, March 16,-r-A Washing­ Willlgm Miller and his Yellow flre- upper floor, occupied by the compos- season, and none will be plowed up for the state department has decided that Loomis protests to Venezuela ton dispatch to the ’lim es says: Weston—Two quarter sections of against further interference with Ball. The Taft commission has been or­ fine farming land, one .and one-half men were victims of a live wire. The Ing room, were 18 composers and other crops. Growers state that hops he is entitled to the protection of the heat melted the network of proofreaders, whose situation was may be produced and prepared for United States government. It appear» - Oregon hopgrowera are contracting dered to forward to the war depart­ miles south of Weston liave changed Intense wires running In every direction, and mog» critical Panic stricken they market ior 8 c<*nts per pound, when (hat he is engaged in business and be­ thia-year’s-crop at 11 cents per pound. ment its recommendations for the owners. The price paid was $13,500. one of them in falling struck a trollev mO8t crlncal- Panic stricken, tney 8Ojd at jj centB tf,ey ma|te fa| r pront, came invplveil In trouble with the form of government to be adopted In wire, the o?her end crossing the brass t r "8h*d for the W‘"d0* 9h but it is believed the price will rule Venezuelan military by resisting an Quartzburg—Quartzburg will soon Many were rendered homeless by the Philippines. This Is In accord- fires at Memphis, Ind., and Biamarqk ance with the original instructions, by be connected with Prairie City by nozzle of the hose held by Miller and the flre escape», and all but three of higher this fall; hence those having attempt to collect a forced loan from The wire ihas been Snyder. Both men fell • as though them succeeded In gaining the roof large yards are not anxious to con- him. More than a month ago the Mo. the terms of which the commission telephone. stretched nearly the entire distance. they had been shot. Sheckler and of an adjoining building. Dong lad- tract the coming crop for less than state department forwarded In­ A department of public Instruction waa to prepare such recommendations structions to Minister Loomiî to rep­ Clatsop — The Elk Creelc toll road, Griffith, In going to the rescue, were ders were raised as quickly as the 15 c®nt*-__________ has been established in tbe Philip­ whenever ordered to do so. The time resent to the Venezuelan govern nient has come, in the estimation of the In Clatsop county. Is almost com­ a'8° ca,uffbt, and were badly burned, network of electric wires over the pines. president, when plans for the govern­ pleted, and wiu soon be open for When the prostrate men were reached street would permit, hut before a lad­ OUTLAWRY IN THE PHILIPPINES. that-jJÜ»es^ annoying interferences with our officials must cease, but ao The Manchurian agreement Is like­ ment of the Philippines may be sub­ travel. One bridge remains to be Miller was dead, and two of the others der could be placed In position the Methods Pursued by Tagals to Tor far no results have appeared. unconscious. ly to disrupt the concert of the mitted for his consideration. No in­ put in. rorize Peaceful Natives. men had dropped through a skylight powers. timation of the nature of the scheme Gold Beach—Gold Beach Is now in WASHINGTON, March 20.— The Morocco Must Pay. In the adjoining roof and reached has yet beqn received. The commis­ ARRE8TEÿ. AMERICAN CON8UL OH deposits near Ashland, Or., will sion, it is declared, has not received telephone communication with the out­ records in the cases of 34 Filipino i Washington, March 20.—The state places ot safety. Except in the, press- be developed- California capitalists any suggestions from Washington, side world. The line has been ex­ „_gz. natives, charged with various offenses department Is giving renewed atten­ have Invested $35,000. hut has been left entirely unham­ tended across the river from Wed- Imprisoned by Venezuela Without room in the basement tixere was prhc- aKainat military discipline in the Phil tion to the settlement of the claims tlcally no flre in the building below lppines, Including murder, treason and against the government of Morocco. Adequate Cause. John O. Rider, Inventor of the pered. It may propose any form of derburn. the fifth story. No one was In the other acta of violence, have been re­ The claim of Marcus Ezagul. who was Remington rifle, died at his home In government It thinks fit? Eugene—A bridge on the Elmira PORT OF SPAIN. Trinidad, March pressroom at the time the flre started celved at the war department. These murdered at .Fez in June hist, ha» Newark. O., of heart disease, aged mall route, about eight miles west Demand on Bultan of Morocco. 74 years. of Eugene, is in a dangerous condi­ 19.—News hBT reached here that the except the fireman, who had not been records make plain the methods pur been adjusted by the" payiin-ut of, New York, March 16.—A special to tion. It Will be rebuilt as soon as the United States consular agent at Bar­ seen up to a late hour. It took three sued by the Insurgents to terrorize $5.000, but there are other elaln^ The St. Loula Steam Forge & Iron celona, Venezuela,, Ignacio H. Baiz, hours of work to drown out the fire. the native Inhabitants of the islands, equally meritorious which have not World from Washington says: water recedes. Works, better known as McDonald’s the The and show cases of atrocities commit­ been satisfactorily’adjusted. -Recently cruiser New York will stop at has been arrested by Venezuelan of­ Forge Works, were destroyed by fire Tangier on the way to Manila, and The three victims were suffocated ted upon the latter where they de- Ashland—S. H. Calhoun, ot Ash­ state department gave these con­ ficials and imprisoned without ade­ before they had time to reach the cllned to comply with the demands the Loss, $100,000. land, has exchanged 160 acreB of land sideration, all efforts on the part oft take on board Consul ‘General’ Gum- quate cause. This is the second time near that place for a like amount of and the exactions of the so-called flre escapes. Mr. pummere. the consul general at The plants of the Paragoullf Roller mere,, who will be conveyed to the Tangier, to adjust them having proved Mill Company and West Rogers Plan nearest port to tne Moroccan capital. land In Klamath county belonging to he has been treated In this fashion Late tonight the loss was estimated Filipino government. In one case nine insurgent sympa­ Ineffective. Under these eireum> within the last five months, and ’he at $150,000, with little insurance. Ing Mill, at Paragould, Ark., were de- The consul general la to demand that G. H. Palethorpe. thizers, Yfully armed, seized In the stances, a .special mission seems near.. sfroyed by-fire. Loss, $250,000. the sultan settle the claim of Ameri- Baker City—Mr; C. McEndry, who will resign unless; protected by the night a family of five persons and Instructions to this end today were , I can citizens against his government. DEWET IB INSANE. killed them with oolos. The motive gent to Mr. Gummere, as well as a The lumber yards and saw and Plan The ,^e w York will-await the return owns placer claims on Pine creek, on Washington government. It appears Ing mill plant of John B. Ransom t ot the consul general. The consul the Burnt river slope, has been ex­ that several Sums of money have been -------- for the murder was the punishment further Instruction to demand an hibiting in Baker City a gold nugget forced froih him "by Venezuelan of a£;vT!lv ^ i v t HNaShrVl"e’ i i es>niiwi*ere’1’*‘’»«ral cnuW make the trip from which weighs $107.“’—— r,™— Statement Made by Prleonere Lately oi the family for refusing to pay U xes ffVology for an ,,apparent discourtesy ficlals under threat of Imprisonment- B . . in support of the Insurgent govern- on the pyrt of the grand vizier and (he destroyed by. fire. Loss, $14070015. Tangier on merchant vessels plying The protests of Mr. Balz to Wash Keieaeea. ( jj,enj >pj,e -guilty natives were sen- minister of foreign affairs In attempt­ Pendleton—Frank Fraxler Is mak­ Llentenalit General Miles, -who in in those waters, but It has* been the Ington seem to have met with no re- BLOEMFONT-EIN, March 18.—Prle- tenced to hard labor for 30 years. In ing to defeat the purpose of the state tends to inspect the principal military ' policy of the administration to im­ ing plans for a horse parade at Pen- sponse thus far. Three months ago posts In. Cuba, has arrived at Havana' press the sultan by a naval demon- ¿letofl early next May, similar to the Mr. Loomis, the United States minis oners who have lately been released another case, under the orders of an departmenWo rtlspatrtr a special mis­ one last May. AU kinds of well-bred by General Dewet say they think- he insurgent lieutenant colonel,, a native sion to Morocco City. The armored' - with his party from the United States station In Moroccan Waters. horses will be allowed tojt proximity to complained that many of their subsequently arrested 16. Four hun nor is it known whether President Northern shops, in this city, have A claim was preferred against Peru dred students of the technological Steyn is with him. TYie walked out. and will not return to for $5,000 on. his account, lint that chickens were missing. At the camp There were no passengers strongly reinforced, and trouble Is Im­ of thq hobos preparations for a big school entered the courtyard of thè w’ork until the differences between government proffered 3.000 soles (a institution to hold a meeting, and minent unless the Russians retire. The American consular agent at chicken dinner were going on. the police inscribed their names. The AFTER HIGH DAWSON OFFICIAL. the employes and officials are ad­ sole being equivalent to 48 cents), justed. This action follows that of and the claimant expressed his wil­ Barcelona, Venezuela, has again been mining academy Is already entirely Warships in Venezuelan Waters. the union men at Cedar Rapids, and lingness to accept that sum. arrested by that government. closed. PORTLAND MARKETS. Governor Will Charge Him With Crim- Port of Spain, Island of Trinidad it Is reported It will be followed by JeBsie Morrison, who killed Mrs (via It is reported that Count Tolstoi inti Libel. Haytien cable), March 18.—The the men at Estherville, Watertown, TRIED TO BRIBE OFFICER. Castle at Eldorado, Kan., furnished s German who ever since his excommunication Wheat—Walla Wall*, 55tt@56tt; second-class cruiser Vlneta Is SEATTLE, Wash., March 18.—Gov Albert Lea and other division points. $5,000 bond and will be released. has been loudly cheered whenever he reporte43c. Barley—Feed. $16.5O@)17; brewing. Oavln, Parmalee £ White was placed to protect Italian Interests In Vene­ D. Matheson, a contractor, had worked teen cars were wrecked and a pusher men across the line was about to be- - Explosion on 8hip. In the hands fff a receiver. The firm’s zuela If necessary. The United.StateB $16.50@17 per ton. together in carrying out a gigantic engine turned over on the side. inaugurated. As a result, the revenue Mlllstuffs—Bran, $16 per ton; cruiser Scorpion has arrived here. debts aggregate $100,000. New York, March 19.—The steam swindle. The governor said that he There were no fatalities. A wrecking cutter Grant was sent out to patrol middlings, $21.50; shorts, $17.50; ship New York reached her dock al would collect evidence and charge the train Is now at work, but the track theJStraits of Fuca and the channels Jim Harris was found guilty of mur chop, $16. , Fire in Washington Hotel. will not be cleared until early tomor­ betwpen the island and British Co­ official with criminal libel. dcr in the first degree for killing J Hay—Timothy, $12@12.50: clower. Id o'clock tffnight, after a passage In March 18.—At 3:53 A. Passengers on the lumbia. Extra precautions to guard Another charge was made at the row morning. H. Allen, a wealthy Ottumwa, Kan. M. Washington, which an explosion of an ammonia today, electric light wires started $1@p-50; Oregon wild hay, $6@7-per trains bound In both directions were the boundary line have also been same council meeting. The entire merchant. This will mean « life tank caused loss of life and much council was charged with blackmail transferred tonigut. a fire In the Merchants hotel, 485 ton- taken. Three Chinese whd were be­ sentence. Pennsylvania avenue, which spread I Butter—Fancy creamery. 22%(t'25c; I damage to the vessel. Her shaft wa? by a Mrs. McConnell, who conducts a ing smuggled across by a Japanese Lieutenant August Newkirk Maher. rapidly, causing panic among the 5; hens, $5© 5.50;pressed, ll@12c at sea. Several others were confined against Mrs McConnell The chirae. rino. a noted Tagal leader. In Caplse Robert Walsh, said to be the misa fully aiding Chinese to enter the Ing son of a prominent lumberman ol John Seanlon, and W. B. Ketchum, of P«r P0““**; »pring, H © 5 per dozen; to the ship’s hospital for some time have stirred up a great excitement In province. Island of Panay.' Two of the -United States, anti one for attempt­ - r lu r $5@6;’ lt it fppsp n p r dozen; r t n m n • i a and n d o one n o w was a a a still tilt i« ____ ». K iir u iu m in ducks, geese, $6@8 per in the hospital when the cltv Saglnavtr, Mich., was murdered In a Connecticut. rebels were killed, and three, Includ­ ing to bribe a United States officer. turkeys, live, 9@10c; dressed, 13@ lthe ship docked. | ing Dloclno, were wounded. garret In St. I-ouls In the course of B _________ ________ The Chinese were ordered deported. 14c per pound. quarrel over the spoils of a robbery. . ' Potatoes—45©55c per sack . t „ . _ . » . Library for St. Louis. Trial of Alleged Rebels Begun. Decision on Eight-Hour Law. MEETING OF THE ENVOY8. # Shot by Desperadoes. * John Enoch Pond, a memberrof th« Mutton—Gross, beat sheep, wethers. Berkeley - high school, . has been ap- St. Louis, » March 18.—Andrew Carne Constantinople, March 19.—It is of Tacoma. Wash., March 18.—In the Red Rock. Okla.. March 20 Albert -- . . j . j . • . aaa Ann $L75; ewes, $4©>4.50; dressed, 6U@ pointed the first naval cadet from th« Fie has offered to donate $1,000,000 pound •flcially announced here that tha trial ” ^ iri®LiCdO“z,rt.xt?<,aI ..-Judl e 2Y; , H Little Accomplished by the Ministers Bateman was shot and killed at 8:30 at Pekin. Hawaiian Islands. The appointment for a new public library In St. Louis. Hogs—Gross choice heavy $5® began fit SAlonica, March 11, of 19 Snell decided the state law making o'clock tonight by two desperadoes In was recommended by Delegate Wil- The offer Is similar to many others $5.26; light $4.75@5; dressed, 6@7c eight hours a day's work for all men PEKIN, March 20.—Little was ac­ the store of Swartz & Co. Tlie des­ Bulgarians, accused of belonging to which Mr. Carnegie has made to cities cox. Young Rond is the son of Lieu per pound. the revolutionary committee at Sofia employed In public works applied complished at today’s meeting of the peradoes were robbing the'storc. when tenant Cómmainder Charles F. Pond, throughout the United States and Veal—Large. 7©7*4c per pound and fomenting disorder In Salonlca, only to men employed by the day, and foreign ministers, on account of the Mr. Bateman, who Is the manager of abroad. at Honolulu. not to men working by the month or the Foster Lumber Company's yanf small, 8^i@9c per pbund. Monastic and Kossovo. delay of the various governments lit at this point, happened to step i*- y»ar. Beef—Gross, top steers. $4.50© Arthur Bronson Townsend, the man agreeing to the conclusions reached and, taking ini the situation, opened $4.75; 'cows. $4©4.5O; dressed beef. thought to have attempted suicide In Simplicity. Nine New Cates of Bubonic Plague. . ~ in the matter of Indemnity claims. No flre on them, wounding one of them 7© 8c per pound. Montreal, Is a member of a well- Cape Town. March 1 9 -N ln e new ,f * Com'S'a' 7 ’ minister Is allowed full liberty to act In the arm. Both the robbers opened Hops—12© 14c per pound; 1899 known New York family, wealthy, and There is still now and thefi a man cases of bubonic plague have been oP | . “ yoU te a wotnan 8be Is good, for his government, all the Instruction fire on him. and he fell, pierced by a hhchelor. He belongs to exclusive simple enough to go gunning for an CTOP. 6©7c. clubs, and for several months lived' offlce wlthout a barrel. _ Detro,t W ool-Vafley. 14© 15c¡ Eastern flcially reported In Cape Town during 3“e may thank you. Tell her she Is being ad referendum. The court cer­ two balls. The robbers secured $350. In the Brevoort House. His mother , _ , Oregon, 9© 12c; mohair, 21 ©23c per the last 48 hours. Six of these were! pretty, and she will love you.—Chica emonial on the reception of ministers and made their escape. Offi'icrs from was the subject of conversation, but Ponca and Perry have started la Is In Paris. , Journal. pound colored persons, and three Europeans, go Times-Herald. nothing definite was decided -upon. ftprsult. Holland gave Wilhelmlna a new Br“ i,h G«n8ra' Hesitates. Russian secret police have arrested Reward for Raacue of Explorers. Tr(><,pg 8ai, for Man||B A New Canal Treaty. crown costing £20,000. « i Pekin. March 18.—The Russians at many literAry men, lawyers and stu Storm in Porto Rico. Venice March I9 .-T h e municipal 8ai) Francisco. «arch 18.- T h e Washington, March 20. Secretary A Chicago cattle company bought T,en ™ n took P°B8e88,on 01 th® rail- dents for alleged conspiracy. court, of Venice, offers a .prize of trannport Indians ¡ailed for Manila with San Juan, Porto Rico, March 20 — Hay had a long conference 443,000 acres of grazing and mineral waY 8ld’nF- «nd armed sentries are consequence of emigration there 20,000 lire to anti-Italian or foreign today. She h ts oa board the Twenty- A heavy storm prevails here. Two Senator! Morgan respecting Isthmian now guarding it. General Barrow. , . land In New Mexico. navlgatora who may rescue Count e,gbth infantry. Major Yeatman com- of rain tell last night In two canal matters and the advisability second in command of the British ,8 a greater Preponderance of women Franco Quirlnl and the Norwegian ",andln«- an oppor secretary ._ pforing party of the Duke of Abruzxl cavalry8' a r r i v e d * ° f rom Fort ceased at daylight, but the wind still bra. has been discovered In the Congo the absence of OeneraT Gaselee, feel- country J n Europe. tunlty of acquainting himself - with dnrine h l. Arctic ^ a . They witf Vail Vor Man”U forests. cofitlnues. The railroad is tied up by the views of senators on this subject, Ing sure that bloodshed would ensue. Congressman Llnney, of North Car- during his AYctic expedition In the washouts. Telegraphic com­ and the conference today Is only °nP v reWar\ ° f ? °0(! L,Pe1 “ the Meadfi MeadVtomorrow New York commission merchants are He had a long consultation today with tomorrow. The squad­ seHous the only ^Publican ever Is offered to AA munication with the north and west of nearly a dozen he has had ph >he any one who furnishes on sending representatives to Cuba te Sir Ernest Satow. The Russlarts are ollna' ron is made up of troops J, K. L and purchase products for shipment to Jubilant, The American military line elected to congress who served ss s definite news as to the fate of the M, in command of Colonel W. A shores is partially interrupted. The same subject with leading senators missing men. has been soltl to a private company, private in the confederat* army. damage done by the storm 4s un and representatives since the a