2
T H E T O R C H O F R E A S O N , S IL V E R T O N , O R E G O N , JA N U A R Y 30, E. M. 302 11902. )
m itted to in d u s tria l life can afford
to disregard. T h e co m p u lso ry a r
b itra tio n law d id not sp rin g o u t of
th eo ry , an d has not en d ed in th e o ry .
It w as th e rem ed y so u g h t as a w ay
of escape from p ra c tic a l e m b a rra s s
m en ts of th e m ost serio u s so rt. J he
s trik e of 1
b ro u g h t New ZeaLamL
a - well as A u s tra lia w ith in a d ay s
jo u rn e y of a n a rc h y .
This was fol
lowed by a p p re h e n sio n s of a big
ra ilro a d strik e . To save New Z ea
la n d from being rav ag ed by these
in d u s tria l conflicts, m ore te rrib le
in th e ir su m -to ta l of losses th a n a
foreign w ar, th e th e n M in ister of
L ab o r, W illia m P em b er R eeves,
w ho la te ly cam e to A m e ric a as th e
official re p re se n ta tiv e of liis g o v e rn
ment a t th e C o m m ercial C ongress
in P h ila d e lp h ia , began to stu d y
w h a t had been acco m p lish ed by
o th e r n a tio n s in a rb itr a tio n , and
w as forced to the co n clu sio n th a t
“ v o lu n ta iy a r b itr a tio n is a s h a m .”
H e traced the d ev elo p m en t of a r b i
tra tio n in all th e le ad in g c o u n trie s
u p to th e M a ssac h u setts B oard of
C o n ciliatio n an d A rb itra tio n . T h is
h e found th e best of all am i la c k
ing only one th in g to m ake it co m
p letely su c cessfu l— co m p u lsio n .
New Z ea lan d began w here M ass
a c h u se tts left off, an d h as su cceed
ed w here M a ssa c h u se tts failed , Mr.
Reeves saw th a t to he effective, a r
b itra tio n , like ta x a tio n , m u st be
co m p u lso ry , not th a t th e m in o rity
m ig h t ru le th e m a jo rity , h u t th a t
it m ig h t not. T im e a n d tim e ag ain
in New Z ea lan d th e m a jo rity of
m a ste rs a n d m en in tra d e h ad
agreed to te rm s of s e ttle m e n t or
m eth o d s of a r b itr a tio n , som etim es
a fte r y e a rs of n e g o tia tio n , o n ly to
h a v e th e w hole s tr u c tu re of th e ir
civilized efforts o v erth ro w n by an
irre c o n c ila b le m in o rity of c o m m e r
cial c u t-th r o a ts d e te rm in e d not to
a b a te one jo t or title of th e ir p riv i-
lege of m u rd e ro u s c o m p e titio n .
T h e th e o ry of th e c o m p u lso ry
a r b itr a tio n law is th a t th e m a jo rity
m u st ru le. T h ere are th re e p a rtie s
v ita lly in te re ste d in every in d u s tria l
d is p u te : la b o r, c a p ita l an d th e sta te .
W h ic h e v e r side th e s ta te finds rig h t
is th erefo re in a m a jo rity .
The New Zealanders are not at
all sensitive about the use of com
pulsion. They are the most demo
cratic people in the world, and they
believe in whatever compulsion is
necessary to prevent the m inority
from ruling. They see that com
pulsion is only an o th er name for
law.
The principal points of the law
are, first, procedure for v o lu n tary
arb itratio n , with no publicity and
no investigation if the parties can
th u s settle their difficulties am ong
them selves; but if they cannot, the
law shows its other face. If their
differences are irreconcilable by
themselves the parties m ust a rb i
trate if either of them so elects;
fight they shall not, if either wants
arbitration. The com pulsion of the
law is threefold; com pulsory pub
H ELL!
hope of th e people of th e w orld.
A nd th e C om p u lso ry A rbitration
A Visit to the Real Old Thing.
C ourt of New Z ealan d is a lig h t on
a hill to those who are seeking a
BY HARRIET L. HENDERSON.
m eans of e sta b lish in g i n t e r n a t i o n a l
a rb itra tio n . T he n a tio n s will get
Few of th e E u ro p e a n s — A nglo-
a rb itra tio n o n ly as th e people of
«•ompul-
C elts or R o m a n s— in the
T h e em p lo y ers, m ost of th e m , Bke.~ N ew Z i i i a m l g o t it — by
p rese n t or in c e n tu rie s p ast, but
co m p u lso ry a r b itr a tio n . It e n a b le s s io n . W hen th e n a tio n s m ade tip
th n ir m in d s th a t the d u t y of arl.i- *>»ve h a d th e ir so u ls d w arfed and
them to m ake th e ir b u sin e ss a r
trail« !, s h a ll be m a te d w ith th e sm o th ered , th e ir m in d s p e rv e rte d
ra n g e m e n ts for m o n th s or y e a rs
an d clouded, and th e ir lives d a r k
a h e a d w ith c e rta in ty , a n d w ith o u t right of a rb itr a tio n , am i th a t as no
ened and m ade m ise ra b le ,b y th e in
the necessity of p u ttin g “ strik e n atio n o u g h t to fight, no n a tio n
sane and c rim in a lly ig n o ra n t pul-
c la u se s” in th e ir c o n tra c ts. It re shall fight, a n d th a t as every na
tlo.1 ought to arb itrate, all nations 1 P'> teaching about a flam ing sea of
lieves b u sin ess of one of its m ost
b rim sto n e , religiously an d re v e re n t
h a ra s sin g a n n o y a n c e s— th e p e rp e t -h all have th e rig h t to d e m a n d ar
ly called H ell. T h ere all w ho were
u al frictio n w ith labor.
A little b itra tio n , a n d when th ey , as the
not san ctified , like th e good and
easy inanceu v ering w ith th e m en people of New Z ealan d d id , crea te a
holy p asto r, w ould su re ly spend
b rin g s c u t- th r o a t com petito rs be trib u n a l w ith th e pow er to e n
th e ir e te rn a l d a y s in in d e sc rib a b le
fore th e c o u rt a n d pots them u n d e r force th ese rig h ts anti d u tie s a n d to
to rm e n t an d suffering. C h a rm in g
th e co m p u lsio n of law to pay th e p u n ish an y people th a t v io late the
new I n te rn a tio n a l law , th e n , am i Ideal— a n d how v iv id ly am i lu rh lly
sam e wages an d give th e sam e
not till th e n , sh a ll we h av e the " aa
p ic tu re d by se lf-in d u lg e n t
tre a tm e n t to th e ir m en as decent
How th e y Iro-
po sslbility of International a r b tlr a - ¡«Id b a r b a r ia n s ?
em p lo y e rs do.
L aw an d o rd er m u st have m ensely en jo y ed th e c h a in s th a t
T h e w o rking m en like co m p u lso ry tino.
Its policem en b slw een n a tio n s as bound th e ir flo n rish in g flock. How
a r b itr a tio n . It en su res them at all
th e y loved and fostered th e ir ig-
tim e s an d u n d e r all c irc u m sta n c e s well as w ith in the n atio n s.
Thv o n ly c o u n try Io the w,,r ld ! norance and superstiti«»,, and we-k-
a full an d fair h e a rin g for th e ir d e
ly, m o n th ly an d y e a rly reap ed from
m a n d s. W h en th ey are resistin g a w here th ere have been no strik e s or
th e ir te rro r so m uch a head. G ra v -
red u ctio n or d e m a n d in g an in crease lock-outs for five y e a rs is th e o nly
h aire d , to o th less old m en a n d those
of wages it e n a b les them to learn c o u n try in th e w orld th a t has a
b etter-lo o k in g sh o u te d “ A m en!”
th e facts of th e s itu a tio n an d all of co m p u lso ry a r b itr a tio n law. 'That
F ra il little c h ild re n were terrified
th e m . It fixes th e p ro d u c t of th e ir c o u n try is New Z e a la n d , an d New
at the a w fu ln w s of the spectacle
lab o r not by a false “ law of th e Z a la n d is to d ay not only m ore
prosperous th a n it ev er h a s been w h '<!h h a u n te d th e ir th o u g h ts by
m a r k e t” as in te rp re te d by th e greed
before, b u t, so far as m y o b s e rv a - ! d a y a n d th e ir d re a m s by n ig h t.
or th e w hip h a n d of a m a ste r, hut
N or were w an tin g w eak, e m o tio n a l
by th e tru e “ law of th e m a rk e t” tion goes, is th e m ost prosperous
w om en— the h y p o c ritic a l an d selfish
n ever before a sc e rta in a b le .
F or co u n try in th e w orld. N ot even a
New Z ea lan d a d v o c a te o f co m p iti- devotees of fa sh io n ’s foibles, whose
th e first tim e in c iv iliz a tio n th e o r
sory a r b itr a tio n w ould claim th a t le a rs over
,,w n d a n g e r were
g a n iz a tio n of lab o r is n o t m erely
soothed by tho'se of se lf-g ra tific a tio n ,
to le ra te d , hut given a p rem iu m . The its p ro sp e rity was due to com pu 1-
sory a rb itra tio n , hut th e p ro sp e rity to kuow ‘ h a ‘ a11
n eig h b o rs
law fixes a liv in g w age or a m in i
an d a c q u a in ta n c e s w ould su rely he
m um wage, an d yet allow s the s u c e rta in ly h as falsified all the p re
c a u g h t in th a t fiery fu rn a ce of blue
p erio r m an all th e a d v a n ta g e his d ic tio n s th a t d isa ste r w ould follow.
flam e an d sm o th e rin g gases. T hen
stre n g th a n d sk ill deserve. A gain
th e y w ould be flu tte rin g a ro u n d
Is,’’ o r “ Are ?”
for th e first tim e in h isto ry th e
th e th ro n e of grace an d b ask in g in
to ile r has found a p lace w here he
F or many years there has been a con- th e sm iles of an all-w ise a n d all-
m eets his e m p lo y er on eq u al term s,
troversy over the question w hether a a p p ro v in g God. S u ch was a n d is
w ith no te m p ta tio n to crin g e or to
plural or a singular verb should be j^ e H ell of religious o rth o d o x y ,
b u lly .
Phis law p u ts in the h a n d s used with the term , the Unite«! States. ri)nk en(> b
sen(, a Bnl(jU ()f
of th e w o rk m an an irre sistib le This dispute has m a m easure been of-
.
Heially settled by the House eom mitee 1 p h u ro u s incense to the farth est
m e an s of s ta m p in g out the m o m en t
ou revision of the laws, which after deep p o rta ls of space.
It h a s alm o st
it a p p e a rs in a n v in d u s tria l cen tre
e x p l o r a t i o n a n d p r o lo n g e d considera- b re a th e d its la st fum es— th ro ttle d
th e first te n d e n c y to sw eat the w o rk tio n have d ecid ed in fav o r of th e s in
by its own cru e l, c rim in a l h o rro r.
ing people.
g u la r form of th e verb, lu th e e a rlie r
O nly here an d th e re we can yet
An em p lo y er in a n y p a rt of th e p erio d of o u r N a tio n a l e x iste n c e th e
.
ro le was th e o th e r way. T he p lu ra l faintly hear its d eath -rattle amongst
c o u n try d etected in an a tte m p t to
form is used in th e C o n s titu tio n itself, th e more degraded of the gospel
cu t wages or w orsen co n d itio n s can
and was employed until a com para faithful.
be ca lle d before th e co u rt an d tively recent date by tho Suprem e
Its final demise is a certainty.
s tra ig h te n e d o u t, am i w hat m ight C ourt in its decisions, and is still used
.
h a v e d ev elo p ed in to a w idespread even by many members of Congress B ut th a t leaves hts .la je s t y t i c
sp o lia tio n , r u n n in g from one c o m a n d other officials. But the singular Devil w ith o u t a hom e! H ow long
p e tito r to a n o th e r, ju stified by th is form of th e v erb has been grow ing in will a hom eless Devil su rv iv e? T he
favor, an d it was d iscovered was used
m e rc h a n t because it had been a d o p t by m an y e m in e n t m en of fo rm e r p e ri H ell a n d Devil gone, how long will
ed hv th a t c o m p e tito r, is arre ste d ods. T he c o m m ittee c o n su lte d a p a m th e fu n ctio n of sa v in g sou ls la st?
An
a t th e very s ta r t. T h e sa tisfa c tio n p h let w ritte n by ex S e c re ta ry of S ta te W h a t will he its stim u lu s?
.John W . F o ste r, who tra c e d th e c o u rse o b lite r a te d f u n c tio n n e e d s n o organ
of th e w o rk in g m en is u n iv e rsa l.
lic ity , co m p u lso ry referen ce to a d is
in te re ste d p a rty , an d co m p u lso ry
obedience to th e la w ’s a w a rd s. T h e
sta te has no pow ers to in te rv e n e in
a n y d isp u te , even for in q u iry , of its
own m o tio n . T hose co n cern ed sue
an d are sued as in o th e r courts.
The
C o m p u lso ry
A rb itra tio n
C o u rt of New Z ea lan d has an asp ect
of even g re a te r im p o rta n c e th a n th e
in d u s tria l peace w hich is a ssu re d ly
a very g re a t aspect. In th is a r b i
tr a tio n co u rt New Z ealan d has
achieved w h at the people of the
w orld h av e been sig h in g for for
c e n tu rie s — c h e a p , unifo rm an d
sp eed y ju stice. It p o in ts th e way
to th e re a liz a tio n of th e d ream s of
q u ick an d tru e ju stice for all, w hich
is th e g re a te st need an d the dearest
of th e c h an g e, a n d q u o te d from H am il-
to n , J e ffe rso n , W ebster. B enton. M arcy,
M otley, C. F. A dam s, S ew ard, E v a rts,
F ish, B laine, F re liu g h u y se u , B ayard.
F re sh a m a n d O lney all of whom u sed
th e s in g u la r S erb . The e a rlie r Presi-
d e n ts , ex cep t Ja c k so n , used th e p lu ra l,
b u t L in c o ln , C ra u t, I lev elan d , H arri-
sou a n d M ckiuley all used th e sin g u la r
of o p e r a tio n . T h e n , fa re w e ll Priest
a n d P astor,—except as frauds?
TT
_
. « » .
• ,
Here I am in Palestine, with the
o r i g i n a i H e ll
b e fo re m e.
L et
us
e n te r .
As w e s t a n d u p o n t h e Hill
o f 2ion, looking w est and south, we
’
c h a ra c te r of our N atio n . It is n o Ion- r iv in g its n a m e fro m a le g e n d of
g e r reg a rd ed as a fe d e ratio n of sta te s,
p
b u t as a N atio n , w ith a big X. H ence th e 1 4 th c e n t u r y , to th e effect t h a t
th e U n ited S ta te s , sp o k en of as a Ns- ..C i h „ po, 8Psaed a country
tio n . is,” n o t “are. — P o rtlan d Tele-
’
’
.
graui.
house here, w here he c o n su lte d w ith