m
ORCI! OF
R eason .
«TRUTH bears th e torch in t h e search for tr u th . '- / . , , ,
VOL. 4.
us-
SILVERTON, OREGON, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 6, E. JL300(1DOO.)
NO. 48.
A Noble Life.
qnences which they logically imply, suffer the consequences. Acts are
ainined. We might stop here and
ISDOM and w ealth and fame t- a t he should reap what he has the only material which lends it- conclude directlo regarding the
are glorious things,
sown. i pon this condition only is self to judgement. Intentions, and
questions which were restated at
And each may grace a life to
d e e e ^ ° nff he h a s '? " T ”" t^ d ' he
Wh‘Ch th,y
^ ^ T h a r
which it brings
Its treasures to be shared—not g arn er­ X
is ¿es, to do ifh"h 7 7 ge< Cann0‘
analyled; they ,Orm
ter> bHt ™
^ s t insist upon a
ed pelf—
No life is noble with only good of self! habit ,0 p r X e t’he 7 ,
'! e
laharynth. The ego few points in the mechanism of the
\\ hoso on earth a noble life would live not in , » L
. d . ? . an^tts acts, whatever they be, are social evolution which we have
M ust toil to aid, and gath er still to give; not intervened to modify it, if he
solidary and compact.
Succor the weakling, sm ooth th e rugged
skimmed in the preceding chapters.
ways,
was distracted or indolent at the
W
e
have
now
come
to
society.
[—Science and Faith.
And with wise bounty sweeten all the moment, if he has reasoned falsely,
Solidarity, as has been said, in-
days
lie hath with man; so laying down his he sutlers the consequences. But if volves duties on the part of the in-
staff,
e has been correct in his forecast dividual, while reciprocally society Value of Coercion in Education.
A noble life shall be his epitaph.
and judgement, the benefit and the has duties which it owes to individ-
BY HERBERT SPENCER.
pro ts belong to him. This is the , uals. Each in its turn is bound to
Justice.
conformity of ends to acts—organic receive its due. Hence social jus-
or physiological justice.
DUCATION has for its ob'
tice—or the regulations which con­
BY DR. PAUL TOPINARD.
In the case of the wolf just men­ trol and sanction the relations be-
ject the formation of charac­
it was
that
ter.
restive pro-
—, __
. justice
.
,tiav its
ivd pcrse-
peine- tween the two transacting parties.
---. To
•»■>' curb iconvo
pru-
here are few words whose tioned,
signification has varied so verance was crowned with success, It is a necessity, at once theoreti- PenHitie8, to awaken dormant sen-
and a practical, -, for - the perfect
^ ruen^8» 1° strengthen the l peicep-
much from antiquity to the wheras in the case of the stag,, it
i
----r
was
unjust
that,
having
put
forth
•
•
-
♦
a
fuuctioning of these relations, just tions
cultivate the tastes, to
present day, and so well reflects
-I
'
A
Il
M
/«
z.s\
b L" /»„If
1
the customs of the time. In its his utmost powers to escape the as above individual justice assured encourage this feeling and repress
present highest stage it is a pure danger, it was after all devoured. the perfect fuuctioning of the rela­ that, so as finally to develop the
human conception, which in its A mother carries her infant during tions between acts and their effects. child into a man of well propor­
most widely accepted meaning is the period of gestation, brings it It renders the individual responsi­ tioned and harmonious nature—
equivalent simply to possessing or forth in pain, nurses it, and lavish­ ble to society and society responsi­ this is alike the aim of parent and
es her care upon it; it is unjust ble to the individual.
It is the teacher. I hose, therefore, who ad­
receiving what is one’s dues.
Let us see if there is anything in that she is not recompensed and sanction of the two responsibili­ vocate the use of authority, and if
need be—force in the management
But the fol­ ties.
nature cerresponding to this idea. that the child dies.
A body rolls through space, enters lowing is a complicated case.
But wq have seen that theoreti­ of children, must do so because
our atmosphere, becomes incandes­
Two men struggle with weapons cally all individuals stand upon an they think these the best means of
cent by the friction, and bursts into which each has at his disposal. equal footing in society—that is to compassing the desired object—
fragments.
A storm arises, the The one has greater courage, the say, have the same rights and the formation of character. Paternity
oak is torn out by its roots, the other greater skill.
Each has a same duties; for which reason soc­ has to devise some kind of a rule
reed bends and straightens again. claim upon recompense, but one of ial justice is sometimes defined as for the nursery. Impelled partly
A wolf pursues a stag, which flees; them conquers. Where is the jus­ the law of equal liberty. On tl e by the creed, partly by custom,
the one runs to eat, the other r.ot tice?
From the point of view of other hand, social rights, and stili partly by inclination, paternity de-'
to be eaten; both exert their pow­ nature there is none, for both have more so, social duties, at least such sides in favor of a pure despotism,
ers to the utmost; the victorious obeyed their organization. The as society judges to be most indis­ proclaims its word to the supreme
wolf is recompensed for his perse­ stronger has conquered the weaker. pensable, are precisely defined by law, anathematizes disobedience,
verance, the stag succumbs through But from the particular point of the laws, as are also the punish­ and exhibits the rod as the final
his insufficient powers of respira view of each, justice has been done ments which insure their observ­ arbiter in all disputes. And of
tion. The Tasmanians lived hap­ for him who, having put forth his ance, but not the rewards which course this system of discipline is
pily; the whites invade their is­ utmost powers, has succeeded; and crown their fulfillment, for to these defended as the one best calculated
land, massacre them, and appro­ injustice has been done to him who, little thought is given. And hence to curb restive propensities, awak­
priate their territory. At bottom having achieved the same end, is this other definition; social justice en dormant sentiments, &c., <fcc., as
all these cases are one.
Every­ nevertheless vanquished. Individ­ is the law itself, or from another aforesaid. Suppose, now, we in­
where that takes place which must ual justice, therefore, is relative. point of view, the apparatus and quire how the plan works. An un-
take place conformably to the con­ Yet even in this restricted form it the means designed to insure obed­ amiable little urchin is proposing
his own gratification regardless of
ditions and the forces in action. has wide import and applicibility, ience to the laws.
the comforts of others—is perhaps
Nature witnesses impassively and or it engenders personal responsi
Let us recapitulate. There is no
indifferently the phenomena of bihty, and eo becomes the moving justice in nature. In the individu- annoyingly vociferous in his play;
which she is the theatre. The in­ cause, par excellence, of all human al, and with respect to that indi- or is amusing himself by teasing a
candescent body, the oak, the stag, activity, involving the reward or „¡dual, a relative justice exists, companion; or is trying to monop­
the Tasmanian—none has greater punishment of acts, and impelling which is entirely physiological and olize the toys intended for others
weight than the other in the bal­ the ego to be ever alert for interven- ¡„the sanction of his acts, the in common with himself. Well;
Home kind of interposition is mani­
ance. To living bodies, as to inert ing, for adapting its commands to source of his responsibility
the festly called for. Paternity, with
bodies, nothing is due; there is no he circumstances, and for looking stimulent to his activity,
knit brows, and in a severe tone,
justice.
,o its interests.
If there were no
u . .
. .
, In society a conventional but ne commands desistance—visiting any
- '-
-
mwi «»« i . w—noiuugaii)
Let us now look at the individu­ such justice sanctioning responsi- n a
M k
Wlthoot
reluctant submission
al, and place ourselves at his point bility, personal conduct would be
h'°h
WOuld '* anarchy.
with a sharp “ Do as I bid yo.,”- i f
of view. He possesses his particu­ without a rudder.
v . . ..
I " ‘he 8anct,on of the correctness of need be, hints at whipping or the
lar organization, of which he is not
It may be asked if this responsi- the social body to individuals, and black hole—in short carries coerc-
the author, and which it is with­
hilHy has aught to do with the actsI likewise their guarantee.
ion, or lhe threa, of coercion, far
out his power to relinquish.
As
e intentions which have
Nothing, we believe, Bhows more enough to produce obedience. After
Spencer said, ‘‘he is subjected to of wi
the effects of bis own nature and of fre’quentlv 7 7 r ’t th^m sdv« ^ R h '
pr°f° Und difference “ « 8undry exhibitions of preverse feel-
the
conduct which
which it
it involves.”
out i n t X e X o 7
7
,
!"8 bT‘Ween
lh t iDdiTid' ing’ the child give* in; 8h° wi"*>
the conduct
involves.”
1,1; R3’ uab and society, than the different however, by its sullenness the ani-
It is due to him, therefore, that , ,
*( eg°' >Ut lu n0« ‘n‘e;ler‘ |acception in these three cases of'm osityit entertains.
Meanwhile
his acts should have the conse- ing it has done wrong and should th /w
e I
T
or mosuy it entertains.
Meanwhile
B
c wring ana snouia the words which we have just ex-! paternity pokes the fire and com«
W
T
E
- J