VOL. 3.
SILVERTON, OREGON, THURSDAY, JUNE 1, 1899.
NO. 21.
vergence no longer concealed. In of men are due to gradual trans color of the skin and also in the
the new state of things it was im formations of an originally uniform formation oj the skull between the
GLORIOUS day at length is break possible that dogmas in absolute type or to original differences o? extreme human races and those
ing,
V
When Freethought shall tri- opposition to reason, such as that derivation. As a matter of science, anthropoid apes which even now
umphant
îp___ reign
„ ;
of transubstaotiation, could any therefore, it is quite indifferent inhabit the same regions of the
The world from slumber is awaking,
longer hold their ground. The whether the old, equivocal idea of earth with them. For the Orang
In error ne’er to sleep again.
scholastic theology and scholastic species is or is not applied to man or Orang-Outan, which inhabits
The gloomy night of Superstition
Flies'liefore th e approaching d a y ;
philosophy, though supported by with all his variations and aber- the Asiatic archipelago, is of a yel
Keligious fraud and imposition
the universities, had become obso- rations; the whole dispute retains lowish red color and brachyceph-
Can our minds no longer sway.
lete. With the revival of pure a fundamental significance only alous, or short-headed, like the
A b the hazv mists of morning
Latinity and the introduction of for the theologians and theological Malays; whilst the Chimpanzee,
Fly before the sun’s bright beams,
So let Truth, our path adorning,
Greek, the foundations of a more naturalists, who still, quite errone- and the Gorilla, both of which are
Scatter all those foolish dreams.
correct criticism were laid. An age ously,
invoke
narra- indigenous to Africa, are black and
...........
. the
........ mythical
,
Though long by priestly lore confounded, of erudition was unavoidable, in -----
tives of the Bible in proof of the dolichocephalous, or long-headed,
Let us seek a better way,
And with joy and peace surrounded,
which whatever could not establish specific unity of the human race.
like the Negroes.
Hail with trium ph Freedom’s day.
its claims against a searching ex
—[Secular Songs.
This peculiar relation would
But even if we place ourselves at
amination must necessarily beover- the former standpoint of science seem to indicate a common origin
thrown. We are thus brought to and apply the antiquated idea of for both, so that it is possible the
the great movement known as the species to Man, the facts are but yellow, or short-headed, man might
Growth of Human Thought.
Reformation.—[Intellectual Devel- little in favor of the Biblical (or have originated from a stock-form
opment of Europe.
BY JO H N W . D R A P E R .
philosophical) unity of the human resembling the Ourang, and the
species. For the African Negroes, black, or long-beaded, man from
HE variation of human
the Chinese and the Aryans are j one resembling the Gorilla or the
thought proceeds in a con- Unity or Plurality of Origin? certainly in the sense of biological Chimpanzee. This supposition has
tinuous manner, new ideas
science as well characterized species been chiefly put forward by Prof,
BY DR. L . B U C H N ER .
springing out of old ones either as
at the best-founded of those which Schaaffhausen, who calls attention
corrections or developments, but
zoology has ever distinguished to the fact that Southern Asia and
yOW
that
the
animal
origin
never spontaneously
originating.
W T
among animals, although all these equatorial Africa are precisely
i
*
of man has been shown to forms have hitherto been regarded those parts of the earth’s surface
With them, as with organic forms,
be most probable, espec- only as races or varieties of a single which have given origin to the two
each requires a germ, a seed. The
intellectual phase of humanity ob- ially upon natural history grounds, _iUJ,an species, And among these extremes of human structure, be-
served at any moment is therefore we have to ascertain how such a which we may call good species, we tween which all the other forms
an embodiment of many different process of the production of man have theu no small number of bad may be arranged. 1 hese two crude
things. It is connected with the from animal or animal-like begin- or doubtful species to intercalate. ar)d original types of the Iong-
past, is in urison with the present, nings may also be possible or con- In this respect philology furnishes headed and short-headed man, the
and contains the embryo of the ceivable in its details; in other the same result, as biology and Ethiopian and the Mongol, the
future.
words, the when? where? and how? shows it to be scarcely conceivable African and the Asiatic, which, as
Human opinions must hence, of of his first production. We have U
have said, j even at the j present
mo U
ilCfcL til
■ I tribes
Vi lUva v of
/1 the
LiiV we
»» xz >
or I possible
that
all I V
the
absolute necessity, undergo trans- also in an especial manner to de earth can have originated from a day form the two extremities or op
formation. What has been re- cide whether a unity or plurality of single pair, at all events at a not posite poles of the long series of
ceived by one generation as un- origin is to be regarded as probable very distant period, A distin- Men, may be recognized in all their
doubted, to a subsequent one or certain.
guished historian and ph ilologist, distinctness in the oldest trace or
becomes so conspicuously fallaci-
This last important question co- in comparing the languages of the remains of our race upon the earth,
ous as to excite the wonder of those incides with or forms part of the extreme east with those of the and thus indicate a probable differ
who do not distinctly appreciate question as to the unity or plural- Aryan group, says that “if the ence of origin. It is true that in
the law of psychical advance that ity of mankind in general, which planets whose physical constitution Europe we find both forms mixed
it could ever have lieen received as has beeu so often treated and al- resembles that of the earth are in together even at the most ancient
true. These phases of transform#- ready answered in the most vari- habited by organized beings like part of the human period known to
tion are not only related in a ous fashions—a question which has ourselves, we may assert that the us, but, according to Schaffhausen,
chronological way, so as to he ob- constantly given rise to innurner- history aud languages of those this may possibly be due to an al
vious when we examine the ideas able and continuous disputes pjanetg will not differ more from ternate immigration of both races
of society at epochs of l few years among naturalists, and has divided ourH t^an j o t|ie history and lan- from Asia and Africa in primeval
times. The circumstance that the
or of centuries apart—they exist them into two great parties—the guage of the Chinese.” According
also contemporaneously in different so-called monogenists and polygen- to the celebrated linguist, A. Schlei- most ancient civilization h«d two
nations or in different social grades ists. Essentially these disputes cher, also, it is “possibly impossible starting points (India and Egypt),
of the same nation, according as only reproduce the old obscurity, to refer back all languages to a of which one is in Asia and the
the class of persons considered has removed by Darwin, as to the sig- single primitive tongue. An un- other in Africa, is also in accord
made a greater or less intellectual nification and origin of the idea of prejudiced investigation rather in- ance with this view.—[Man in the
progress.
the species; hence the whole ques- dieates as many primitive lan Past, Present and Future.
Notwithstanding the assertion of tion has lost most of its former im- guages as there are distinguishable
Rome, the essential ideas of the portance since Darwin’s appear- atock-lauguages. We must, conse-
Italian system had [at the time of ance. For if we once accept the quently, suppose a large but inde-
XPERIENCE has proved
the Reformation] undergone un possibility of the conversion of the terminate number of primitive
that man has always been
avoidable modifications. An il ape-type into the human type iangUages.”
the creature of circum
literate people, easily imposed (whether gradually or by sudden
To return now to the matter im stances in which he has been piac-
upon, had accepted as true the as changes), it is of little consequence
mediately before us. Looking at ed. and that it ig the character of
severation that there had been no to the argument whether this con-
change even from the apostolic version has taken place one or sev- 11 from the 8tan(h joint of tl,e riv‘ those circumstances which makes
times. But the time had now eral times and in one or several a^ive theory, many ob ervers have him ignorant or intelligent, vicious
come when that fiction could no places, or whether the existing ¿if- been struck by the fact that there or virtuous, wretched or happy.—
longer be maintained, the di- ferences among the individual races is a remarkable agreement in the [Ex.
Dawn of Freethought.
A
T
IN
E