CAJGHT
ÜJ-
VOL. 1.
R eason .
SILV EBTOK, OHEGGN, THÙRSDAY, MARCH 18, Î897.
For the Torch of Reason.
by an animal, more especi
ally by a very young one, without
experience, and when performed bv|
inan\ individuals in the same wav,
without their knowing for what pur-
posj b b
's a id
NO. 20.
at three years obi with wonderfully their antennae; but not one excreted.
l i t t l e practice, bad played a tune
Afterward, I allowed an ant to visit
H o w a p t w e a r e to m e a .« i» - e a ll w e k n o w
with no practice at all, he might them, ami it ini mediately seemed, by
A n d a ll t h e w o r l d , b y o u r o w n n a r r o w
truly be said to bave done so in its eager way of running about to
• r u le s .
stinctively. But it would be a se he well aware what a rich flock tt
T h o s e w j i o a g r e . 1 w i t h u s a r e v e r y w is e ;
rious error to suppose that the had discovered; it then began to
T h o s e w h o d o n o t a r e l u n a t i c s , — o r fo o ls
, .
•
.
W e p i t y t h e m , if w e h a v e h u m a n
/
irWlnci,ve. But I could show greater number of instincts have
k in d n e s s
that none of these characters are been acquired b y habit in one gen play with its antenna? on the abdo
B u t if i n c l i n e d t o h a r s h n e s s , w e d e s p i s e universal.
A little d o s e o f judg- eration, and then transmitted by men first of one aphis and then of
another; and each, as soon as it felt
F h e i r b i g o t r y ; f o r g e t t i n g in o u r b l i n d - ment or reason,as Pierre Huber ex-
inheiitanee to succeeding genera the antennae, immediately lifted up
W e m a y he j u s t a s w e a k in o t h e r s ’ e y e s. R r e " s '
B, often comes into plav, tions. It can be clearly shown that
even with animals low in the scale the most wonderful instincts with its abdomen and excreted a limped
A n d t h i s is s e l f i s h n e s s .
T o ig n o ra n c e o f n a t u r e .
drop of sweet juice, which was
which we are acquainted, namely, eagerly devoured by the ant. Even
w ed,
Broderick
(
tivier
and
several
of
T iie t w a i n h a v e r u l e d t h e w o r l d f o r c o u n t
those of the7bee-hive and of many the quite young aphides behaved in
the
older
metaphysicians
have
com
le s s y e a r s .
ants, could not possibly have been this manner, showing that the ac
C h a i n e d l i b e r t y , a n d , w h i l e h e r m a r t y r s pared instinct with habit.
This acquired bv habit.
tion was instinctive, and not the re
b le d
comparison
think, mi
an <iu-
ac
1.
-- gives, > * I - 'umii,
It will be universally admitted sult of experience. It is certain,
S t e e p e d o u r f a i r e a r t h in m i s e r y a n d t e a r s , curate notion of the frame of mind
t h r “ U g" a "
U n'le r " h ic h
i n s t i n c t i v e a c t i . u , that instincts are as important as from the observations of Huber,
corporeal structures for the welfare that the aphides show no dislike to
T h is d is c o rd ja r s th e m u s ic of th e s o n g , I
Perlorn,ed, but not necessarily of of each species, under its present
F ro m c h u r c h to s ta t e , fro m g o v e r m e n ts l t s
origin. How unconsciously conditions of life. Under changed the ants; if (he latter lie not present
of n a tio n s
m any habitual actions are per- conditions of life, it is at least pos they are at last compelled to eject
T° stron
lite’ tJl'8 motive P°wer i8 formed, ind» ed not rarely in direct sible that slight modifications of in their excretion. But as the excre
¡opposition to our conscious will! stinct might he profitable to a spe tion is extremely viscid, it is no
doubt a convenience to the aphides
H o w a r e w e l e f t in d a r k n e s s !
H e re to
t h e y nay he modified by the
cies;
and
if
it
can
be
shown
that
g ro p e
will or reason. Habits easily be instincts do vary ever so little, then to have it removed; therefore prob
T h ro u g h to ils o m e
lif e , y e t r e a c h i n g
come associated with other habits, I can see no difficulty in natural se ably they do not excrete solely for
to w a rd th e lig h t
the good of the ants. Although
Saved f r o m d e s p a i r , b u t o n l y b y t h e with certain periods of time and lection preserving and continually there is no evidence that any ani
states of the body. \\ lien once ac accumulating variations of instinct
hope
>
mal performs an action for the ex
T h a t m o r n is d a w n i n g o n o u r t r o u b l e d quired, they often remain constant
to
any
extent
that
was
profitable.
n ig h t.
throughout life. Several other It is thus, as I believe, that all the clusive good of another species, yet
O h , fo r m o re l i g h t ! A ris e , f a ir L ib e r ty ,
points of resemblance between in most complex and wonderful in each tries to take advantage of (he
A n d w i t h t h e T o r c h o f R e a s o n le a d t h e
stincts and habits could be pointed stincts have originated. A s modi instincts of others, as each takes ad
w ay
As in repeating a well known fications of corporeal structure arise vantage of the weaker bodily struct
W h e r e w e m a y f in d t h e t r u t h ; a n d out.
fin d in g , be
song, so in instincts, one action fol from, and are increased by, use or ure of other species. So again cer
Free, noble, h a p p y in i t s p e r f e c t d a y .
lows another by a sort of rhythm: habit, and are diminished or lost by tain instincts can riot he considered
if a person he interrupted in a song, disuse, so I do not doubt it h a s been as absolutely perfect; but as details
O h , fo r g r e a t s o u l s w i t h c h a r i t y a s
or in repeating anything by rote, with instincts. But I believe that on tins and other such points are
b ro ad
he is generally forced to go hack to the effects of habit are in many not indispensable, they maybe here
A s a ll t h e u n i v e r s e ; a lo v e f o r a ll
passed over.
H u m a n ity ; a se n se of o th e r s ’ rig h ts !
recover the habitual train of cases of subordinate importance to
S u ch m in d s a re n e v e r n a rr o w , c ra m p e d
As some degree of variation in in
thought; so P. Huber found it was the effects of the natural selection
o r s m a ll.
stincts under a state of nature, and
With
a
caterpillar,
which
makes
a
of
wdiat
may
he
called
spontaneous
Divine Humanity, let thy sweet l>eauty '
" . /
the inheritance of such variations,
A b ash a ll p re ju d ic e , a n d fo rm s a n d c re e d s , i .
(,’njP ,f,,t< d h a m m o c k ; f o r if variations of instincts—that is of are indispensable for the action of
F o r a f te r a ll, o u r firs t a n d h i g h e s t d u t y
,e B x tk a c a t e r p i l l a r w h ic h h a d
variations produced by the same natural selection, as many instances
I s l o v in g , h e l p i n g o t h e r s in t h e i r n e e d s , c o m p l e t e d i t s h a m m o c k u p to , s a y .
unknown causes which produce as possible ought to lie given; but
A nnie T e r r s . ; the sixth stage of construction, and slight deviationsof bodily structure. want of space prevents me. I can
only assert that instincts certainly
Instinct.
into a hammock completed
Again, as in the case of corporeal do vary—for instance, t he migratory
-------
UP “nly to the third stage, the cat- structure, and conformably to my instinct, both in extent and direc
Many instincts are so wonderful erpillar simply re-performed the
theory, the instinct of each species tion, ami in its total loss. So it is
that their development will prob- fourth, fifth and sixth stages of
is good for itself; but bas never, as with the nests of birds, which vary
appear to the reader a difficul- consfruelion. If, however, a ester- tar as we can judge, been produced partly in dependence on the situa
l v sufficient to overthrow my whole pillar was l a k e , , out of a hammock for the exclusive good of others. tions chosen,and on the nature and
temperature of the country inhab
t leery. 1 may here promise, that made up. for instance, to the third
One of the strongest instances of an ited, hut often from causes wholly
I have nothing to do with Iheori- stage, and were put into one fio-
animal apparently performing an unknown to us. Audubon has given
gin ot the mental powers, any more ished up t o the sixth stage, so that action for the sole good of another, several remarkable cases of differ
ences in the nests of the same spe
than I have with that of life itself, much of its work was already done
with which I am acquainted, is that cies in the northern and southern
" e are concerned only with the di- for it, far from deriving anv b e n e f i t
of aphides voluntarily yielding, as United States. Why, it has been
verstties of instinct and of the other from this, it was much embarrassed, was first observed by Huber, their -asked,
if instinct he variable, has it
mental faculties in animals of the and in order to complete its ham-
sweet excretion to ants: that they not granted to the bee “the ability
same class.
mock, seemed forced to start from do so voluntarily, the following facts i to use some other material when
w.ix was deficit ?” But what other
I will not attempt any definition the th ird stage, where it had left
show: I removed all the ants from natural material could bees use?
Instinct. It would be easy to off, and thus tried to complete the a group of about a dozen aphides
I hey will work, as I have seen, with
Show that several distinct mental already finished work.
on a dock-plant,and prevented their wax hardened with vermilion or
actions are commonly embraced by
If we suppose any habitual action attendance during several hours. softened with lard. Andrew Knight
kis term; but every one under to become inherited—and it
H can
I <111 he
I>r- After this interval, I felt sure that observed that his bees, instead of
<ands what is meant, when it is shown that this does sometimes the aphides would want to excrete. laboriously collecting propolis, used
a cement of wax and turpentine,
' ‘id that instinct impels the cuckoo happen—then the resemblance h e -
1 watched them for some time with which he had covered decorti
1 migrate and to lay her eggs in tween what originally was a habit through a lens, but not one excreted ; cated trees. It has lately been
"Tier birds’ nests. An action, which and an instinct becomes ho close as 1 then tickled and stroked them shown that bees, instead of search
"e ourselves require experience to not to be distinguished. If Mozart, with a hair in the same manner, as ing for pollen, will gladly use a very
different substance, namely, oat-
' nable us to perform, when per- instead of playing the piano-forte
well as I could, as the ants do with mea’-
—Darwin.
DAWN.