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THE TORCH OF REASON, SILVERTON, OREGON, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY I, 1897,
The ...an is then
Thus Huxley says, “ What we! Locke (Understanding P 419)
dead in the iullest sense of the call the operations of the mind are «w ,>>.
1
A
Bv E. L. Davidson.
w.,r,l, f„eling nothing( ^ ¡ llg
fu,lction/ of t|,e bra
„.ore know that there
Note.—
1 he following
rticle, .i.,B
instead
g , k Un„wing
n
N"t«'.-Tlw
following a ar,ielr
.ead of
of ¡n
ing)
,10lbing. he is a materials of consciousness are pro- “* Weaw^have " o i ¡ T T " * ’
being com posed en tirely by me, is in C()|. ,
,
. . . .
.1
t»e idea wc have of such things in
,
, , .
,
" c ln,lerent properties of our mind thall b h ..
fact a com pilation. I am greatly in
debted to Prof. \V. 8. Bell’s “ H and-book
h e P a,} ated from the brain, the the thinking organ.”
i
t t'
h
b
have
of
Centaurs and fairies.”
, v’•****. ’ '
.
US
part,IH?indcaÂÜ/X 4 ^
tt
...
... 1 b - . . . . . . . .
.... t
I I n villi’ I Otto
I t t/X W
ut tutui ») « and
1 nJ ! others,
»♦ Ito mo not
. X conceive,
• therefor
I
. _ it
. exists at zz.
• ^ • ‘ V t i i n u r ^ l n e WOrd soul is a
also Huxley,
Wettstein
if
“what a comfort it is to know that
all it is the same as if it were dead. we are above the animals.” And word everyone pronounces without
In Job xiv: 14, you will W hat follows then? That man it has been asserted that only man understanding it, we have no idea
of soul.”
find these words, “If a man die has come to an end. Life is sim- reasons—that the lower order of be-
Jno. Calvin.—“The soul is an
shall he live again?” This ques- ply the result, or effect of certain ings possess only sensation and in
immortal essence, the nobler part
tion has ever been a elog in the causes and conditions of matter.
; stinct, and I believe that Christians
of man. It is a creation out of
wheels of religious thought and
Bradlaugh illustrates this by say- in general believe man is the only
nothing, not an emanation. It is
feeling. It troubled Job, and has big. “I am told that the mind and creature that possesses a soul,
been a subject of controversy ever body are separate from one another. But we all know that the spider is not properly bounded by space,
still it occupies the body as a habi
since.
Are the brightness and steel of the a mechanical reasouer; so is the tation.”
It is my object in this article to knife separate? Is not brightness beaver. It is bard to draw the line
McBeth—“The times have been
attempt to show that we have no the quality attaching to a certain where instinct disappears and rea-
when mans brains were out the
proof that man will live after he is modification of existence—steel? son bolds sway.
man would die, and there an end.”
dead.
The popular belief that Is not intelligence a quality at-
Brodie(Pres. Royal S. 1858) says,
Buchner—“Experience and daily
man will live again f? based on the taching to a certain modification of “The mind of animals is essentially
I the same as that of a man.” Theo- occupation teaches us that the
hypothesis that man has an im existence—man?
spirit perishes with the material
mortal soul, which has existed
The word brightness has no ' dore Parker, Jno. Wessley, Jermy body, that man dies.”
from all eternity and which will meaning except as relating to some Taylor, Lamantine, Agassiz, and
Rev. Jos. Baylee D. D., prim, St.
always continue to exist.
bright thing, the word intelligence hosts of other men well known to
So the principal question is, has has no meaning except as relating fame taught that animals as well as Adidans college, Birkenhead, Eng.,
in nis discussion with Bradlaugh
man an immortal soul? Or to go to some intelligent thing. T take men have immortal souls.
Mr.
farther, has man a soul of any kind? some water and drop it on the Figiners Book “The Tomorrow of said—“Man is eternal. He was in
existence before he was born,
What is and where is the soul? steel, in due course of time the Death,” contains the following:
Webster says: “The soul is the process of oxidation takes place, “Human souls are for the most sinned before lie was born, and if
spiritual, rational, and immortal, and the brightness is gone. I drop part the surviving souls of deceased he had never been horn would have
substance in man, which distin into a mans brain a bullet, tfre pro- animals.” “In general the souls of suffered damnation for that sin.”
W . Lauder Lindsay—“ By no
guishes him from brutes; that part cess of destruction of life takes children like Mozart came from the
kind of scientific evidence can it he
of man w hich enables him to think place, and his intelligence is gone, nightingales, while the souls of
proved that souls exist, whether in
and reason.” According to Web By changing the condition of the architects come from beavers etc.”
man or in other animals.”
ster and Chamber’s Encyclopedia, steel we destroy its brightness, and
After all the main question is, has
Now’ for some “inspired” author
the words soul and spirit, are by disorganizing the man destroy man a soul, immortal or otherwise?
ity, Job 7: 9—“As the cloud is
synonymous terms. Webster, how- his intelligence. Is mind an entity If So, what is it? And where is it?
ever
savs in his definition or a result? An existenceor a con- The following are some opinionsof consumed and vanisheth away so
he that goeth down to the grave
of spirit, that it is the intelligent, dition? Surely it is the result of those who have studied the subject
shall come up no more’”
immaterial part of man, “an in organic activity, a phenomenon of and profess to know. It is evident
Isaiah 26: 14.—“They are dead,
telligent substance.” The true animal life. ’
all are not correctt an(j
pOHSible they shall not live; they are de
meaning of the word spirit is
Physiologically, the life or s'»ul is all may be mistaken.
ceased, they shall not rise.”
pneuma, which means
wind. not a property of brain matter, nor
Pherecydes (600 B. C.) “Souls
Eccl. 9: 5-10—“For the living
Some authorities state that soul, of our nerves, nor of the world or existed from all eternity.”
know that they shall die, hut the
spirit and life are synonymous its impinging force; but when the
Anaximenes (500 B C Ionic dead know not anything, neither
terms, and that it can exist in or world forces by touch heat light, Phil.) “God is air, air is life giv- have they anymore a reward.”
apart from the material body.
eleetr.c.ty and foods do reach so as ing principles to man, the soul is
Eccl. 3: 19-22-For that which
o
act
upon
the
nerves
and
brain
air.”
befa.leth
the
o
f fc iK
\\ hat is life? Is it not the word
by which we express the aggregate hen comes a react,on, and we call
Epicurus (400 B. C.) “The soul beasts, even one thing befalleth
normal functional activity of vege t ,at reaction feeling, life, reason is a bodily substance, composed of them, as the one dieth so dicth the
table and animal organisms?
"p , „
. „
, Panicles, disseminated through the other. Yea, they have all one
To talk of immortal life, and to
Irof. Tyndall says, divorced whole frame, and having a great breath; so that man has no pre-
admit of decay, and the destruc from matter where is life? To resemblance to spirit or breathe.” eminence above the beast. For all
tion of the organizations,
is much man as we know him, m atter is
m
u
Aristotle (400 B. C.) “Plants is vanity, all go unto one place all
the same as talking about a round necessary to consciousness. Every have souls without consciousness, are of the dust and all turn to dust
square; that is you link togetner
meal we eat, every cup we drink, animals have souls, hut inseparable again.” “ Wlm knoweth the snirit
words which contradict each other, illustrates the mysterious control from body. The human laxly is of man goeth upward and the spirit
h in k
t the
h p soul
x i i l i l problem
t t r t i i i n m is a
a of
o f mind
m i n d by
l . v matter.”
r tiu ff iir “
______ t i e
• .
.
.
1 I t think
inseparable from mind. But the of the beast goeth downward to the
physiological question.
Physio-
The science of physiology proves mind is divided into active and earth?”
logically speaking, life is sensation, materialism to be true. In order passive intellect. The active in-
Having thus responded to the
sensibility, or the power of feeling, to sustain this assertion, I will sub- tel lect is pure form, detached from question “what is a soul?” I will
We feel with our nerves, see with mit the following testimony of some matter, and immortal.”
now endeavor to locate the spot
our eyes, and hear with our ears, of the greatest physiologists the
Pliny (2 A. I).) “The body and where it resides in the mundane
Without nerves, eyes, or ears there world has ever produced,
the soul have from the moment of tabernacle.
would be no feeling, seeing or hear-
Bain says “the most careful and death as little sensation as before
Plato says: “The soul is located
ing. These senses therefore of feel- studied observations of pliysiolo- birth-”
in the brain.”
ing, seeing and hearing, exist in gists have shown beyond a doubt,
Justin Martyr (2 A. D.) “It is
A ris to tle -“Thc soul is located
combination with certain forms of that the brain as a whole is in heresy to say that the soul is taken jn t f,e beart.„
matter, and cannot exist without dispensible to thought, feeling and up into heaven, men rise with the ' u
l 4.
,
same bodies.”
. ' ‘« ^ ‘tus-O T he soul ,s located
such combinations.
volition”
Origer (3rd C.) “The soul is *n * * O<>
So the mind exists in combina-
Prof. \ irchow savs, “evervone
Epicurus—“The soul is in the
tion with matter—brain. Without must admit that without a brain, neither spirit nor matter.”
chest.”
the brain there can be no mental nay, more, without a good and well
St. Ambrose (4th C.) “ We know
phenomena, no thinking, no per- developed brain, the human mind nothing but what is material, ex Sommering—“The soul is located
ceiving. Therefore if death destroys has no existence; man has a mind cepting only the Blessed Trinity.” in the ventricles.”
"Ur nerves, eyes, and ears, we can- and rational will, only in as much
Plotinus—“The body
is located in
Hobbes: “Spirit is synonymous
» -----------
not feel, see nor hear; if death de- and in so far as he possesses a with ghost, a mere phantom of the ’’h® “f)ul not the soul in the body
stroys our brain, we cannot think brain.”
imagination.”
j
fTo
C o n tin u e d J
If a Man D ieShall He Live Again? nor perceive.