100 photos that can help prevent sickness, save lives as world warms up
A series of 100 photos may reduce
the risk of American Indians and Alaska
Natives being exposed to or consum-
ing water or food containing harmful
cyanobacteria.
The colorful images are part of a new
field and laboratory guide developed by the
U.S. Geological Survey to help American
Indian and Alaska Native communities
develop an awareness of what harmful algal
blooms look like in the field and be able to
distinguish them from non-toxic blooms.
Harmful algal blooms that are domi-
nated by certain cyanobacteria are known
to produce a variety of toxins that can
negatively affect fish, wildlife and people.
Exposure to these toxins can cause a
range of effects from simple skin rashes
to liver and nerve damage and even death,
although rarely in people.
The issue may be increasing in
importance as scientists indicate warming
global temperatures can exacerbate the
growth of harmful algal blooms.
“We are likely to see more cyano-
bacterial blooms in the future as waters
continue to warm,” said Barry Rosen, a
USGS biologist and author of the guide.
“Cyanobacteria proliferate in warm water
temperatures, generally about 25 degrees
Celsius (77 F) and are more tolerant of
these warmer conditions than their com-
petitors, such as green algae. We expect
numerous other physiological adaptations
will give cyanobacteria an advantage as
global climate changes occur.”
While communities worldwide might
find the field and laboratory guide of use,
those with people in direct contact with
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surface water or who consume fish and
shellfish could find it particularly helpful.
“In the U.S., Native American and
Alaska Native communities, especially
those reliant on subsistence fishing or
who have frequent contact with surface
water, have an increased risk of exposure
to cyanotoxins,” said Monique Fordham,
the USGS national Tribal liaison. “This
guide will give them a new resource to
use to monitor the waters they rely on and
protect their people.”
Algae serve as the base of the food
web in aquatic habitats. When algae cause
a “problem,” typically a surface scum or
accumulation on or near a shoreline, it is
given the name “algae bloom” and many
times is called a harmful algae bloom.
An algae bloom forms under the
correct environmental conditions, includ-
ing nutrient abundance, stability of the
water column, ample light and optimal
temperatures.
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Although many different types of
algae are responsible for harmful algae
blooms, cyanobacteria, which produce
natural cyanotoxins, pose the greatest
problem and are the focus of this guide.
The guide includes photos of what
cyanobacteria blooms look like in a water-
body as well as photos of cyanobacteria
taken through the microscope, which is
needed to determine the type of bloom
that is present.
The publication, Field and Labora-
tory Guide to Freshwater Cyanobacteria
Harmful Algal Blooms for Native Ameri-
can and Alaska Native Communities, by
Barry H. Rosen and Ann St. Amand, is
available at pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/
ofr20151164.
USGS provides science for a chang-
ing world. Visit USGS.gov, and follow us
on Twitter @USGS and our other social
media channels. Subscribe to our news
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Feb. 6, 2016
Siletz News
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Community Center, Siletz
Deadline for returning absentee ballots
November 2015
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